Pederasty In Ancient Greece
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Pederasty In Ancient Greece
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Pederasty in ancient Greece was a socially acknowledged romantic relationship between an older male (the erastes) and a younger male (the eromenos) usually in his teens. It was characteristic of the Archaic and Classical periods.
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Ancient Greek Pederasty The rite of passage undergone by Greek youths in the tribal prehistory of Greece evolved into the commonly known form of Greek pederasty after the rise of the city-state or polis. Greek boys no longer left the confines of the community but rather paired up with older men within the confines of the city.
PEDERASTY IN ANCIENT GREECE : A VIEW OF A NOW FORBIDDEN INSTITUTION A Thesis Presented To Eastern Washington University Cheney, Washington In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Master of Arts in History By Catherine S. Donnay Spring 2018 ii iii Table of Contents
The term pederasty derives from the Greek term paiderastia, which translates to "love of boys." 11 The practice of pederasty was first institutionalized in Crete, then moved outward to the wider Greek world. Pederasty took a strong hold in Sparta, where it was well suited to their warrior-based society, then spread from there to Athens.
Sep 22, 2021 Pederasty was a social custom in which an adult male would court a young Greek boy to become his model, guide, and initiator, and would become responsible for the evolution of his chosen young...
Pederasty is an ancient Greek form of interaction in which members of the same sex would partake in the pleasures of an intellectual and/or sexual relationship as part of a socially acceptable ancient custom (Hubbard: 4-7).
Pederasty or paederasty (US: / Λ p Ι d Ιr Γ¦ s t i / or UK: / Λ p iΛ d Ιr Γ¦ s t i /) is a sexual relationship between an adult man and a pubescent or adolescent boy. The term pederasty is primarily used to refer to historical practices of certain cultures, particularly ancient Greece and ancient Rome.. In most countries today such relationships are illegal. The local age of consent ...
Pederasty in Sparta, the greatest land power in Greece in the classical age, was regarded by contemporaries as having peculiar features that make it worthy of separate study. The ancient texts on it are presented here in chronological order of the writers cited rather than those through whom their information has come down to us..
Mar 28, 2021 Pederasty in Ancient Greece . Photo Credits: Pinterest. ... Unfortunately, the act of pedophilia was also encouraged in Ancient Greek. One such practice came in the form of Pederasty . This was a ...
Pederasty occurred between an older man, known as the erastes, and a younger man, the eromenos, who had not passed puberty. These relationships would often begin with an elaborate courtship ritual in which the erasteswould offer gifts, such as a rooster or a hare, to win the young man's affections.
Pederasty in ancient Greece was a socially acknowledged romantic relationship between an older male and a younger male usually in his teens. It was characteristic of the Archaic and Classical periods. Wikipedia More at Wikipedia
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β Nick Fisher, Aeschines: Against Timarchos , "Introduction", p.27; Oxford University Press, 2001
β Nick Fisher, Aeschines: Against Timarchos, "Introduction," p.26; Oxford University Press, 2001
β William Armstrong Percy III, "Reconsiderations about Greek Homosexualities," in SameβSex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition of the West, Binghamton, 2005; pp47
β Plato, Symposium, 182A
β Xenophon , Constitution of the Lacedaemonians , 2.12-14
β Andrew Lear, "The Idealization of Pederasty in Archaic Greek Poetry and Vase-Painting", paper delivered at 2005 American Philological Association Annual Meeting
β Bruce Thornton, Eros: The Myth of Ancient Greek Sexuality ; pp103-109
β Rictor Norton, "The Suppression of Lesbian and Gay History"
β Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.29-30
β Plato, Charmides 155c-e
β Aelian, Historical Miscellany 3.10 p.135; Loeb, 1997
β Plato, Phaedrus in the Symposium
β Plato, Laws, 636D & 835E
β Pseudo-Lucian, Erotes
β The Warren Cup: homoerotic love and symposial rhetoric in silver , John Pollini.
β The term here rendered as "ideal" is καλοκαΌΞ³Ξ±ΞΈΞ―αΎ³, translated as "a perfect man, a man as he should be" in Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford, 1968; p.397)
β Xenophon, Symposium; VIII.11
β Victoria Wohl, Love among the Ruins: The Erotics of Democracy in Classical Athens p.5 referring to Aeschines, (Tim.134)
β A Henri IrΓ©nΓ©e Marrou, George Lamb, History of Education in Antiquity p.27
β Johnston, Sarah Iles. Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. pg. 446.
β See also Cocca, Carolyn. Adolescent Sexuality: A Historical Handbook and Guide . Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2006. pg. 4
β Andrew Calimach, Lovers' Legends: The Gay Greek Myths
β Plutarch, "De Amores" 4
β Plato, Laws, I; 636 C
β Ephorus, quoted in Strabo of Amaseia's Geography X.4.21
β Aeschines, βAgainst Timarchosβ
β Cicero, De re publica, iv. 4
β Aesop , "Zeus and Shame" (Perry 109, Chambry 118, Gibbs 528), in Fables
β William A. Percy, Pederasty and Pedagogy in Ancient Greece, Chicago, 1996; p.53 N.36
β K. J. Dover, Greek Homosexuality
β David M. Halperin, How to Do the History of Homosexuality .
β Bernard Sergent, Homosexuality and Greek Myth, passim
β The ugly end of Narcissus: Ancient manuscript sheds new light on an enduring myth by David Keys.
β Clifford Hindley, "Debate: Law, Society and Homosexuality in Classical Athens" in Past and Present, No. 133 (Nov., 1991), p.167N4
β Plato, Symposium, 182c
β Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, 602
β Aristotle, Politics 2.1272a 22-24
β Plutarch, Life of Solon 1,6
β Plutarch, Amatorius 17 (= Moralia 760eβ761b).
β Percy, William A. Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece, pp146-150
β Plato, Symposium, 182c-d
β W. Sweet, Sport and Recreation in Ancient Greece, 1987; p.125
β Pausanias, 1.44.1
β Theognis,
β Thomas K. Hubbard, Homosexuality in Greece and Rome:
a sourcebook of basic documents in translation, University of California, 2003; p.23
β N.G.L. Hammond, A history of Greece to 322 BC, 1989; p.150
β Theocritus, Idyll XII, tr. Edward Carpenter
β Thomas F. Scanlon, "The Dispersion of Pederasty and the Athletic Revolution in Sixth-Century BC Greece," in Same-Sex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition of the West, ed. B. C. Verstraete and V. Provencal, Harrington Park Press, 2005, pp.64-70
β Erich Bethe, Die Dorische Knabenliebe: ihre Ethik und ihre Idee, 1907, 441, 444
β Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, II.13-14
β Cicero, De Rep., iv. 4
β Aelian, Var. Hist., III.12
β Athenaeus of Naucratis, The Deipnosophists, XIII: Concerning Women
β Plutarch, Life of Pelopidas
β The Dido episode in the Aeneid of Virgil By Norman Wentworth De Witt; p9
β Andrew Lear and Eva Cantarella. Images of Ancient Greek Pederasty: Boys were their Gods. Routledge, London, 2008.
β Plutarch, Eroticus, cap. xvii
β Pindar, Olympian Ode, VIII, 84
β Theocritus, Idyll 12:30
β Plato , Phaedrus, 231
β Petronius, The Satyricon, III.67
β http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/pge/index.htm
β http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/itp/index.htm
β Eva Keuls, The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens, 1985
β James Davidson, The Greeks and Greek Love, Orion, 2006
β Robert B. Koehl, "Ephoros and Ritualized Homosexuality in Bronze Age Crete;" in Queer Representations: Reading Livers, Reading Cultures; Martin Duberman, ed. New York University, 1997
β Hein van Dolen, Greek homosexuality, [1]
β Thomas K. Hubbard, "Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.09.22" of David M. Halperin's How to Do the History of Homosexuality [2]
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Greek pederasty , as idealised by the Greeks from archaic times onward, was a relationship and bond between an adult man and an adolescent boy outside his immediate family. It was seen by the Greeks as an essential element in their culture from the time of Homer onwards. [1] Marriages in Ancient Greece between men and women had a similar difference in age: men in their 30s commonly took wives in their early teens.
The term pederasty derives from the combination of pais ( Greek for 'boy') with erastΔs (Greek for 'lover'; cf. Eros ). The Greeks considered it normal for any man to be drawn to the beauty of an adolescent boy β just as much if not more than to that of a woman. [2] What they disagreed upon was whether and how to express that desire.
Pederasty is closely associated with the customs of athletic and artistic nudity in the gymnasia, delayed marriage for upper-class men (gentlemen), symposia and social seclusion of women. [3] It was also integral to Greek military training, and at times a factor in the deployment of troops.
The ancient Greeks described, studied, systematized, and established pederasty as an institution. The origin of that tradition has been variously explained. One school of thought, articulated by scholar Bernard Sergent, holds that the Greek pederastic model evolved from far older Indo-European rites of passage , which were grounded in a shamanic tradition with roots in the Neolithic.
Another explanation, articulated by Anglophone scholars such as William Percy, holds that pederasty was formalized in ancient Crete around 630 BCE as a means of population control, together with delaying the age at marriage for men to thirty years.
Yet another theory concerns the Greek masculine aristocracy's conception of gender in Greek society: They believed themselves as Greeks to be an 'enlightened' race but did not include Greek women in that definition. Therefore, if one were seeking a relationship among equals, one must seek another enlightened male.
Pederasty ended as an institution as the result of an official act β the "Code of Justinian". He also ended other institutions that had sustained ancient culture, such as Plato's Academy .
Pederasty was constructed in various ways. In some areas, such as Boeotia , the man and boy were formally joined together and lived as a couple. In other areas, such as Elis, boys were persuaded by means of gifts, and in a few, such as Ionia, [4] such relations were forbidden altogether. By contrast, the Spartans were said to have practised chaste pederasty. [5]
Where allowed, a free man was usually entitled to fall in love with a boy, proclaim it publicly, and court him as long as the boy in question manifested the traits prerequisite to a pederastic relationship: he had to be kalos (ΞΊΞ±Ξ»ΟΟ) (handsome) agathos (Ξ±Ξ³Ξ±ΞΈΟΟ) (good, brave, just, and modest) . The boy was expected to be circumspect and not let himself be easily won. Generally, the role of the adult lover shared many of the characteristics of legal guardian, similar to the role of male relatives of the boy.
Twentieth century historian Foucault declared that pederasty was "problematized" in Greek culture, that it was "the object of a special β and especially intense β moral preoccupation" focusing on concern with the chastity/moderation of the erΕmenos (the term used for the "beloved" youth). Foucault's conclusions, however, are now thought to hold true only of Classical Athenian texts. In Archaic Greece, pederasty, rather than being problematized, was variously associated with the highest ideals. [6] In Classical times there appears a note of concern that the institution of pederasty might give rise to a morbid condition, adult homosexuality, that today's eromenos may become tomorrow's kinaidos. [7]
The study of Greek pederasty is complicated by the fact that the pederastic written record has been subject to systematic destruction since antiquity. Of all the Greek works dealing principally with love between males , none has survived. One historian took this to mean that "queer works were deliberately suppressed and destroyed rather than merely lost during the passage of time," [8] though in general only a small percentage of ancient literature has been preserved. Nonetheless, there are some conspicuous exceptions to this absence, such as the PaidikΔ Mousa of Strato and the ErΕtes of Pseudo-Lucian.
The topic of pederasty was the subject of extensive analysis. Some of the principal dilemmas discussed were:
Socrates , as represented in Plato 's writings, appears to have favored chaste pederastic relationships, marked by a balance between desire and self-control. By setting aside the sexual consummation of the relationship, Socrates essentialized the friendship and love between the partners. He pointedly criticized purely physical infatuations, for example by mocking Critias ' lust for Euthydemus by comparing his behavior towards the boy to that of "a piglet scratching itself against a rock". [9] That, however, did not prevent him from frequenting the boy brothels, from which he bought and f
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