Passionate Play

Passionate Play

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dramatic presentation depicting the Passion of Jesus Christ
This article is about a type of dramatic presentation depicting the suffering of Jesus Christ. For the theatrical re-enactment of tragedies in Golgotha ;;.and outside the gates of Jerusalem, see Ta'zieh . For other uses, see Passion Play (disambiguation) .
This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style . ( January 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Passion Play" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ Pickering, K. Key Concepts in Drama and Performance (Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)

^ Helen Cooper, Shakespeare and the Medieval World (Bloomsbury: London, 2010).

^ Beadle, Richard and Pamela King. York Mystery Plays: A Selection in Modern Spelling (Oxford University Press, 2009).

^ King, Pamela and Clifford Davidson, The Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (Medieval Institute Publications: Western Michigan University Press, 2000).

^ John D Cox and David Scott Kastan (1997). A New History of Early English Drama John D Cox and David . New York: Columbia University Press.

^ Brady and Mitchell, Linzy and Jolyon (2016). 'Theatre.' The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and the Arts . Oxford: Oxford University Press.

^ Beadle, Richard and Pamela King. York Mystery Plays: A Selection in Modern Spelling (Oxford University Press, 2009).

^ Muir, Lynette R. 1995. The Biblical Drama of Medieval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

^ Muir, Lynette R. 1995. The Biblical Drama of Medieval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

^ Wackernell, Josef E. (1897). Altdeutsche Passionsspiele aus Tirol. Mit Abhandlungen über ihre Entwicklung, Composition, Quellen, Aufführungen und literarhistorische Stellung (= Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte, Litteratur und Sprache Österreichs und seiner Kronländer I) [ Old German Passions Plays from Tyrol ] (in German). Graz: Styria.

^ Obermair, Hannes (2004). "The Social Stages of the City. Vigil Raber and Performance Direction in Bozen/Bolzano (Northern Italy) – A Socio-Historical Outline" (PDF) . Concilium Medii Aevi . 7 : 193–208.

^ "The Iona Passion Play" . passionplay.org . Australia.

^ "Paixão de Cristo, maior espetáculo do mundo ao ar livre, volta após 2 anos no Teatro Nova Jerusalém, em PE" . G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ "Turismo, cultura e fé: espetáculo Paixão de Cristo atrai milhares de pessoas em Brejo da Madre de Deus (PE)" . Ministério do Turismo (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ "O agreste pernambucano como palco para a Paixão de Cristo" . Ministério do Turismo (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ Times, Marvine Howe Special to The New York (9 December 1972). "Passion Play Fills Life of Small Town in Brazil and Brings Tourists" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ "New Jerusalem Theater" . Atlas Obscura . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ Arias, Juan (29 March 2013). "Brasil vive la pasión de Cristo a través del teatro" . El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582 . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ "Paixão de Cristo: Brazil stages star-studded passion play" . Catholics & Cultures . 30 July 2013 . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ "Paixão de Cristo - HistÃ³ria" . www.novajerusalem.com.br . Retrieved 14 April 2022 .

^ Johnston, Dais (3 May 2022). "We interviewed the pastor behind that Avengers church musical: "Jesus... did exactly the same thing" " . Inverse . Retrieved 20 May 2022 .

^ "Log In or Sign Up to View" . www.facebook.com . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .

^ "Home" . ilmixja . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .

^ "TV Top 25: The Passion en dan heel lang niets" . Metro (in Dutch). 5 April 2015 . Retrieved 12 February 2016 .

^ "Fox To Air 'The Passion' Live Musical About Jesus Hosted By Tyler Perry" . Deadline.com . 15 December 2015 . Retrieved 12 February 2016 .

^ Nelson, Carrie (February 2016). "7 Facts about Fox's next live musical, The Passion" . SheKnows . Retrieved 17 February 2016 .

^ "Fox's 'The Passion' Brings Biblical Story "Back To The Public Space – TCA" . Deadline . 15 January 2016 . Retrieved 12 February 2016 .

^ "Merchtem blikt terug op geslaagde première eerste Vlaamse editie van 'De Passie' " . Kerknet . 18 April 2014.

^ "In pictures: Philippines crucifixions" . BBC News . 29 March 2002.

^ "Pagtaltal article in "The News Today" " . Retrieved 19 August 2011 .

^ Ogrin, Matija (2008). "Vprašanja tradicije Škofjeloškega pasijona. Ekdotična persepktiva" [The Questions of the Tradition of the Škofja Loka Passion Play. Ecdotic Perspective] (PDF) . Slavistična revija (in Slovenian and English). 56 (3): 289–304.

^ Andreis, Josip; Zlatić, Slavko, eds. (1959). Yugoslav Music . Belgrade: Edition Yugoslavia. p. 11. COBISS 804723 .

^ Benedik, Metod (2006). "Izhodišča Škofjeloškega pasijona" [The Basis for the Škofja Loka Passion Play]. Katalog Potujoče razstave Škofjeloški pasijon [ The Catalogue of the Travelling Exhibition The Škofja Loka Passion Play ]. Loški razgledi (in Slovenian). Muzejsko društvo Škofja Loka [Museum Society of Škofja Loka]. pp. 25–35.

^ "A Mystical Experience" . The Slovenia Times . Retrieved 8 May 2012 .

^ "Kulturno-zgodovinski pomen" [Cultural Historical Significance]. Škofjeloški pasijon – Processio Locopolitana: 1721 – 1999 (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 . Retrieved 8 May 2012 .

^ "Prva postaja za uvrstitev Škofjeloškega pasijona na Unescov seznam" [The First Step towards the Addition of the Škofja Loka Passion Play to the UNESCO's List]. MMC RTV Slovenija (in Slovenian). RTV Slovenija.

^ "Balmaseda: Pasión Viviente, Pasio Biziduna" .

^ Rohan, Wijith (26 April 2012). "Negombo ready for Passion Play in ballet form" . Daily Mirror . Retrieved 2 May 2013.

^ "Letter From Pope Jhon Paul II in appreciation of Duwa Passion Play Team | Duwa Historical Passion Play" . Passionplay.lankasites.com. 15 December 1988 . Retrieved 17 August 2012 .

^ ප්රසාද් සමරතුංග. "ජීවන්ගේ ඉල්ලීමට අධ්යක්ෂක කුරුසියේ" . Sarasaviya.lk. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 August 2012 .

^ "Thambakanda St. Bruno Church Passion Play" . Daily Mirror – Sri Lanka.

^ "Passion play in Ballet form" . Sundaytimes.lk . Retrieved 17 August 2012 .

^ "Features | Online edition of Daily News" . Dailynews.lk. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 . Retrieved 17 August 2012 .

^ "Welcome to" . Tharakayano.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013 . Retrieved 17 August 2012 .

^ " "Tharakayano" first passion play in ballet" . 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014 . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .

^ "tharakayano, Recorded on 4/29/2012 supuwatharana_odb on USTREAM. Katholiek" . Ustream.tv . Retrieved 17 August 2012 .

^ "Efforts to save Passion Play successful - KSPR 33" . Archived from the original on 11 August 2014 . Retrieved 10 January 2013 .

^ "The Great Passion Play" .

^ Griffiths, Lawn (24 March 2007). "Mesa Mormon temple prepares for Easter pageant" . East Valley Tribune . Archived from the original on 11 September 2007 . Retrieved 30 November 2008 .

^ "The Thorn" . The Thorn . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .

^ " "St. Thomas Passion Play" " . Archived from the original on 22 October 2016 . Retrieved 1 May 2020 .

^ StoryOfJesus.com. "The Story of Jesus - Florida's Leading Passion Play" . storyofjesus.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .

^ "The American Passion Play, Inc" . www.americanpassionplay.org . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .

^ Tucker, Lawrence (1954). Story of the American Passion Play . Bloomington, IL: American Passion Play, Inc.

^ Williams, Louis (1970). The American Passion Play – A Study and a History . Bloomington, IL: American Passion Play, Inc.

^ "Passion Play :: Andrews University" . Retrieved 14 April 2012 .

^ Jay Romano. "Union City Journal; 2 Passion Plays Thrive On a 'Friendly Rivalry'" The New York Times 5 March 1989

^ "Passion Play at Park Performing Arts Center" . Archived from the original on 27 July 2011 . Retrieved 4 January 2010 .

^ Briggs, David; "'I was looking at him and I couldn't see color'" Archived 9 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine

^ Stories on the Passion Play controversy at passionplayusa.net Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine

^ "The Theatre: Black Hills Passion Play" , 18 November 1940.

^ "Photos of the 2012 re-enactment" . Retrieved 28 December 2020 .

^ Sennott, Charles M. "In Poland, new 'Passion' plays on old hatreds" , The Boston Globe , 10 April 2004.

^ Van Biema, David. "The Problem With Passion" , Time Magazine , 25 August 2003.

^ Foxman, Abraham H. "'Passion' Relies on Theme of antisemitism" Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine , The Palm Beach Post , 25 January 2004.

^ Lampman, Jane. "Capturing the Passion" , Christian Science Monitor , 10 July 2003.

^ Hansen, Colin. "Why some Jews fear The Passion " , Christianity Today , 2004.

^ Mork, Gordon (Winter 1985). "The Oberammergau Passion Play and Modern Anti-Semitism". Shofar . 3 (2): 52–61. JSTOR 42940679 .

^ James Shapiro, Oberammergau: The Troubling Story of the World's Most Famous Passion Play' (Little, Brown & Company, 2000)

^ "Pontius Pilate, anti-Semitism, and the Passion in medieval art". Choice Reviews Online . 47 (4): 47–1822–47-1822. 1 December 2009. doi : 10.5860/choice.47-1822 . ISSN 0009-4978 .

^ "'Passion' plays out locally" Archived 13 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine February 17, 2004

^ Evangelical Lutheran Church in America "Guidelines for Lutheran-Jewish Relations" 16 November 1998

^ World Council of Churches "Guidelines for Lutheran-Jewish Relations" in Current Dialogue, Issue 33 July 1999

^ ‘Blog’ Zondervan Academic, https://zondervanacademic.com/blog/who-killed-jesus-the-historical-context-of-jesus-crucifixion . See also the online course ‘Four Portraits. One Jesus.’ by author and teacher Mark Strauss.

^ Ed Kessler, ‘The Pasion’ from a Jewish Perspective, BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/thepassion/articles/jewish_perspective.shtml

^ See 'Resources', American Jewish Committee, https://www.ajc.org/OberammergauPassionPlay/Resources

^ James Shapiro, ‘The Problem with Passion Plays’ BeliefNet https://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/2003/04/the-problem-with-passion-plays.aspx

^ Rabbi Dr. Shmuly Yanklowitz, ‘Towards Jewish-Christian Reconciliation & Partnership’ Feb 3, 2016, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/towards-jewish-christian-reconciliation_b_9133926

^ Wainwright, Martin. "The joy of being part of a Passion play – and a national revival" . Retrieved 30 June 2014 .

^ Ashworth, Pat. "Passion plays 'stop people in their tracks' " . Retrieved 30 June 2014 .

^ "Europassion" . Europassion . Retrieved 30 June 2014 .

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Passion plays .
The Passion Play or Easter pageant is a dramatic presentation depicting the Passion of Jesus Christ : his trial , suffering and death. It is a traditional part of Lent in several Christian denominations , particularly in Catholic tradition.

Passion Plays have had a long and complex history involving faith and devotion , civic pageantry , antisemitism , religious and political censorship , large-scale revival and historical re-enactments .

The origin and development of Passion Plays in the UK can be traced back to one of the earliest pieces of theatre in Britain, which was the Quem Quaeritis : four lines spoken by two choirs addressing each other in a dramatic form. It can also be traced back to the liturgical drama used within the church and the Corpus Christi festivals which took place outside the church. [1]

Passion Plays were the focal point of the Mystery Plays that were performed by city guilds in many medieval cities, [2] the most prominent being York, [3] Chester and Coventry. [4] Public performances of Passion Plays lasted from the fourteenth century to the middle of the sixteenth century, with a few examples into the seventeenth century.

During the Reformation , the Passion Plays and Mystery Cycles were suppressed due to their perceived Catholic influences. [5] Eventually, in 1642 all theatre was banned with the suppression of the playhouses by a Puritan Parliament. With the Restoration , theatres opened again in 1660, this time with women permitted to perform on the stage. However, religion and politics were heavily censored for the next few hundred years in England and no Passion Play was performed publicly during this time. [6]

The modern revival of Passion Plays began with the revival of the York Mystery Plays in 1951 as part of the Festival of Britain , the Chester Mystery Plays in the 1970s and the York and Towneley Plays as part of the Edinburgh Festival in 1977. [7] See UK Passion Plays for a full history of the origin and development of Passion Plays in the UK.

The development of the Passion Play was about the same as that of the Easter Drama . [8] It originated in the ritual of the Church , which prescribes, among other things, that the Gospel on Good Friday should be sung in parts divided among various persons . [9] Later, the Passion Play made its appearance, first in Latin , then in vernacular languages; contents and forms were adapted more and more to audience expectations, until, in the fifteenth century, the popular religious plays had developed. The Benedictbeurn Passion Play (thirteenth century) is still largely composed of Latin ritual sentences in prose and of church hymns , and, being designed to be sung, resembles an oratorio .

Yet even this oldest of the Passion Plays already shows a tendency to break away from the ritual and to adopt a more dramatic form . This evolution is shown by the interpolation of free translations of church hymns and of German verses not pertaining to such hymns, as well as by the appearance of Mary (the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus ) and Mary Magdalene in the action. From these humble beginnings, the Passion Play developed very rapidly, since in the fourteenth century it was at a stage of development that could not have been reached except by repeated practice . From this second period, we have the Vienna Passion , the St. Gall Passion , the oldest Frankfort Passion , and the Maestricht Passion . All four Plays, as they are commonly called, are written in rhyme , principally in German.

The Vienna Passion embraces the entire history of the Redemption , and begins with the revolt and fall of Lucifer ; the play, as transmitted to us, ends with Jesus and his Twelve Apostles sitting at the Last Supper .

The oldest Frankfort Passion play, that of Canon Baldemar von Peterwell (1350–1381), the production of which required two days, was more profusely elaborated than the other Passion Plays of this period. Of this play only the Ordo sive Registrum has come down to us, a long roll of parchment for the use of the director, containing stage directions and the first words of the dialogues . The plays based on this list of directions lead us to the period in which the Passion Play reached its highest development (1400–1515). During this period the later Frankfort Passion Play (1467), the Alsfelder , and the Friedberger (1514) originated. Connected with this group are the Eger , the Donaueschingen , Augsburg , Freising and Lucerne Passion Plays, in which the whole world drama, beginning with the creation of man and brought down to the coming of the Holy Ghost , is exhibited, and which was produced with great splendour as late as 1583.

Nearly all these Passion Plays have some relation to those coming from the Tyrol , some contributing to, others taking from, that source. These, again, are founded upon the Tyrolese Passion play which originated during the transition period of the fourteenth to the fifteenth century. Historian J. E. Wackernell, with the aid of the plays that have reached us, has reconstructed this period. [10] In Tyrol the Passion Plays received elaborate cultivation; at Bolzan o they were presented with great splendour and, in 1514, lasted no less than seven days. [11] Here, too, the innovation of placing the female roles in the hands of women was introduced, which innovation did not become general until during the seventeenth century.

The magnificent productions of the Passion Plays during the fifteenth century are closely connected with the growth and increasing self-confidence of the cities, which found its expression in noble buildings, ecclesiastical and municipal, and in gorgeous public festivals. The artistic sense and the love of art of the citizens had, in co-operation with the clergy, called these plays into being, and the wealth of the citizens provided for magnificent productions of them on the public squares, whither they migrated after expulsion from the churches. The citizens and civil authorities considered it a point of honour to render the production as rich and diversified as possible. Ordinarily, the preparations for the play were in the hands of a spiritual brotherhood, the play itself being considered a form of worship . People of the most varied classes took part in the production, and frequently the number of actors was as high as two hundred and even greater. If was undoubtedly no small task to drill the performers, particularly since the stage arrangements were still very primitive.

The stage was a wooden structure, almost as broad as it was long, elevated but slightly above the ground and open
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