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Paraguay buying Heroin

Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Paraguay is predominantly a source country for human trafficking, with the majority of Paraguayan victims being trafficked abroad, mainly for the purposes of sexual exploitation. The market is led by independent criminals with ties to networks in other Latin American countries and Europe. Trafficked women are also often used to smuggle drugs into Europe and Africa. Internal trafficking, although accounting for only a small proportion of all trafficking cases, is nevertheless problematic. Child labour where marginalized families send their children to work for wealthier households, is a widespread practice in the country and one of the most visible and common forms of human trafficking. Paraguay is also a transit country for human smuggling, particularly due to the largely unregulated borders it shares with Brazil and Argentina as well as the state-embedded criminal actors that facilitate the criminal market. Most recently, the country has become a transit point for Venezuelans seeking to enter Chile and Argentina, although border closures as a result of the COVID pandemic are believed to have had an impact on these dynamics. As Paraguay does not manufacture weapons, a significant number of the weapons that ended up on the grey market before had been legally imported from the US through legitimate companies, some of which had also been deeply involved in the illegal trade. In , however, the US put a hold on the export of weapons to Paraguay and local authorities announced the creation of a registry, although the impact of these measures is yet to be fully assessed. Brazilian crime groups benefit from the largest profits, including by directly financing logging operations in Paraguay, and independent criminal structures operate with the help of corrupt officials, who turn a blind eye to these crimes, accepting bribes and providing documents to facilitate the movement of illicit products. Fauna crimes, although largely led by low-scale criminal networks, have a significant impact. There are also some cases of endangered animals being illegally exported to other countries. Cannabis remains the most important criminal economy in Paraguay, which is the main producer of marijuana in the region. The market is run by local elites with the support of state actors at all levels, although foreign mafia-style structures, such as the First Capital Command PCC and Red Command CV from Brazil, have also expanded their control in this area, with reports of indigenous communities renting land to them to grow the illegal crop. Authorities reported an increase in marijuana crop-eradication and seizures over recent years and, without a considerable domestic consumption market, most of it is exported to neighbouring countries in South America, including Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Uruguay. Paraguay is also a transit country for cocaine: airstrips are found in most departments and the tri-border area the country shares with Brazil and Argentina is a key point for cocaine destined for local and transatlantic markets. Furthermore, the increase in seizures of coca paste and record amounts of hydrochloric acid and acetone — chemicals linked to cocaine hydrochloride crystallization — indicates a growth in cocaine processing, although there are no records of coca plantations in the country. This is also particularly linked to the increased presence of powerful Brazilian crime groups and, to a lesser extent, Colombian cocaine-trafficking networks. Lastly, while heroin does not appear to be either consumed or trafficked through Paraguay, synthetic drugs are gaining ground with local consumers, with evidence of some production within the country. Paraguay also serves as a transit point for Ecstasy and other synthetic drugs originating from European countries and destined for the large markets in Brazil and Argentina. Furthermore, a number of foreign criminal actors operate across Paraguay. The PCC and the CV from Brazil are among the most powerful foreign actors in Paraguay, operating extensively across the country in criminal markets including the cocaine, marijuana and arms trades, and have recently become involved in cigarette contraband. Moreover, mafia-like organizations from China, which are involved in criminal economies such as people-trafficking and -smuggling and money laundering, and Hezbollah-linked actors are reported to operate in Paraguay. Criminal networks that focus on illicit markets such as goods smuggling and contraband, including clothes, electronics, cigarettes and fuel, are also very active in Paraguay, particularly in the tri-border area, and are believed to operate with the knowledge or participation of high-profile government officials. There is extensive evidence of state participation in all aspects of the functioning of all criminal markets. Low-level security officials from the police, military and the penitentiary system are known to facilitate criminal activities. Mid-level officials, including local police and penitentiary directors, have been prosecuted for corruption and facilitating criminal activity. Moreover, elite-level officials such as ministers, members of Congress and even presidents have facilitated criminal activity, and at times have taken a more direct role in illicit operations. Political leadership and governance are major issues of concern in Paraguay, with state officials at all levels actively participating in all criminal markets, including contraband and drug trafficking. While the country is party to both the UN Convention against Corruption and the Inter-American Convention against Corruption, corruption remains widespread in Paraguay, with scandals involving high-level officials from the Executive and the Treasury, among others. In an effort to adapt to international standards after a decade of pressure by civil society, Paraguay passed a Transparency Law in and is in an ongoing process to improve access to public information such as budgets, contracts and foreign aid. Furthermore, in , a new Public Contracts Law to improve accountability and make the bidding process more effective and transparent was signed. Despite improvements in recent years, the legal framework pertaining to access to information in the country remains weak. Although accountability in relation to election financing is set in law, no monitoring mechanisms to reduce the risk of financing political campaigns with criminal assets have been developed. Paraguay is a party to all relevant international treaties and conventions pertaining to organized crime and has signed a number of cooperation agreements with neighbouring countries, including Argentina and Brazil to fight organized crime in the tri-border region. Since , the government has expanded its anti-drug-trafficking cooperation with Argentina and has signed an agreement with both Argentina and Brazil, forming the Nueva Alianza Siglo XIX to fight organized crime in the tri-border region. Despite having extradition treaties with almost every country in the Americas, Paraguay has failed to comply with a high-profile extradition request against a former president. Although a number of anti-organized crime laws exist, they are not properly implemented as a result of the poor political leadership and governance in the country. Paraguay is assessed as having one of the highest risks of money laundering and terrorist financing in the region, with criminal operators using legitimate businesses such as casinos, wheel service centres and money-exchange houses as fronts for money laundering and other illegal activities, including drug trafficking and arms trafficking. Nevertheless, the government has made positive steps in recent years. Furthermore, the historic fine imposed by Paraguayan authorities on a Brazilian bank in for failure to comply with anti-money-laundering regulations suggests some progress and increased political will to tackle money laundering and illicit financial flows. Deep-seated corruption is part of the reason for this, with a catalogue of high-profile scandals involving officials, including those in charge of the anti-money-laundering agency, ministers and even presidents. Doing business in Paraguay is reportedly difficult due to low access to credit, weak protections, heightened tax and tax-related administrative burdens. While Paraguay has a witness protection law, it has faced severe challenges in implementation, particularly around cases involving criminal organizations. Furthermore, the country still lacks efficient mechanisms to support victims of slavery. Despite reports of harassment and attacks, civil society organizations are very active in Paraguay and have successfully campaigned for the approval of a number of laws to tackle organized-crime-related issues. Threats and attacks against journalists and other media workers, coupled with concentrated media ownership, however, illustrate some of the main obstacles to press freedom. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Asuncion. Income group Upper middle income. Population 7,, Geography type Landlocked. Criminal markets 5. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 7. Human smuggling 6. Arms trafficking 8. Flora crimes 6. Fauna crimes 6. Non-renewable resource crimes 3. Heroin trade 1. Cocaine trade 7. Cannabis trade 9. Synthetic drug trade 4. Criminal actors 7. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 6. Criminal networks 7. State-embedded actors 8. Foreign actors 8. Political leadership and governance 2. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 5. National policies and laws 3. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 3. Law enforcement 3. Territorial integrity 5. Anti-money laundering 2. Economic regulatory capacity 4. Victim and witness support 2. Prevention 3. Non-state actors 5. Analysis Download full profile english spanish. People Paraguay is predominantly a source country for human trafficking, with the majority of Paraguayan victims being trafficked abroad, mainly for the purposes of sexual exploitation. Drugs Cannabis remains the most important criminal economy in Paraguay, which is the main producer of marijuana in the region. Leadership and governance Political leadership and governance are major issues of concern in Paraguay, with state officials at all levels actively participating in all criminal markets, including contraband and drug trafficking. Economic and financial environment Paraguay is assessed as having one of the highest risks of money laundering and terrorist financing in the region, with criminal operators using legitimate businesses such as casinos, wheel service centres and money-exchange houses as fronts for money laundering and other illegal activities, including drug trafficking and arms trafficking. Civil society and social protection While Paraguay has a witness protection law, it has faced severe challenges in implementation, particularly around cases involving criminal organizations. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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Paraguay buying Heroin

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Paraguay buying Heroin