Papaver rhoeas

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Papaver rhoeas

Papaver rhoeas common names include common poppy , \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[3\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] corn poppy , corn rose , field poppy , \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[4\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] Flanders poppy or red poppy is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family, Papaveraceae. This poppy is notable as an agricultural weed hence the common names including 'corn' and 'field' and after World War I as a symbol of dead soldiers. Before the advent of herbicides, P. Although the corn poppy and its cultivars such as the Shirley poppy and the California poppy are widely grown in gardens, only Papaver somniferum , the opium poppy, has significant farm production. Papaver rhoeas is a variable, erect annual , forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the northern hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring, between May and October in the UK, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[4\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. The stems hold single flowers, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[4\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[5\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] which are large and showy, 50 to mm across, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[6\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\]: The petals slightly overlap each other. The capsules are hairless, obovoid egg-shaped , less than twice as tall as they are wide, with a stigma at least as wide as the capsule. Like many other species of Papaver , the plant exudes white to yellowish latex when the tissues are broken. Not all corn poppies that are available commercially have red flowers. Selective breeding has resulted in cultivars in yellow, orange, pink, and white. The Shirley Poppy is the most known cultivar. A very pale speckled variety, derived from the Shirley, is also available. A nearly black-flowering hybrid, known as Evelina, was bred in Italy in the late s, with Papaver dubium , but does not appear to be available commercially. Papaver rhoeas contains the alkaloid called rhoeadine which is a mild sedative. It was formerly described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication Species Plantarum in Papaver rhoeas is a temperate native with a very wide area, from Africa, to temperate and tropical Asia and Europe. Within tropical Asia, it is found in Pakistan. It grows in fields, beside roads and grasslands. Its origin is not known for certain. As with many such plants, the area of origin is often ascribed by Americans to Europe, and by northern Europeans to southern Europe. It is known to have been associated with agriculture in the Old World since early times and has had an old symbolism and association with agricultural fertility. It has most of the characteristics of a successful weed of agriculture. These include an annual life cycle that fits into that of most cereals, a tolerance of simple weed control methods, the ability to flower and seed itself before the crop is harvested, and the ability to form a long-lived seed bank. The leaves and latex have an acrid taste and are mildly poisonous to grazing animals. A sterile hybrid with Papaver dubium is known, P. Papaver rhoeas topped the list in a UK study of meadow pollen production, on a per flower basis, with its rate of The California poppy placed second with a rate of 8. The pollen production of Papaver rhoeas , on a per flower basis, was very high in comparison with the other plants tested, at almost triple the amount of the top-ranked perennial a mallow. When sampled at the level of the entire capitulum , however, Papaver rhoeas was outranked by the ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare , with its It tied with Cosmos bipinnatus. During the 20th century, the wearing of a poppy at and before Remembrance Day sometimes known informally as Poppy Day each year became an established custom in English-speaking western countries. This poppy appears on a number of postage stamps, coins, banknotes, and national flags, including:. The common or corn poppy was voted the county flower of Essex and Norfolk in following a poll by the wild plant conservation charity Plantlife. United States commemorative stamp depicting Moina Michael and corn poppies. Claude Monet , 'Summer Field of Coquelicots', An example of the artificial Flanders poppy which has been distributed by the millions throughout New Zealand by the RSA for Anzac Day activities and other days of remembrance. In Persian literature , red poppies, especially red corn poppy flowers, are considered the flower of love. They are often called the eternal lover flower. In classic and modern Persian poems, the poppy is a symbol of people who died for love Persian: Hafez , you and I are not capable of this secret, sing about red wine and sweet lips. In Urdu literature , red poppies, or 'Gul-e-Lalah', are often a symbol of martyrdom, and sometimes of love. The commonly grown garden decorative Shirley Poppy is a cultivar of this plant. The black seeds are edible, and can be eaten either on their own or as an ingredient in bread. Oil made from the seed is highly regarded in France. The petals contain a red dye which is used in some medicines and wines , also the dried petals are occasionally used to give colour to potpourris. It was also used in folk medicine , as a cure for gout , various aches and pains. The petals were used to create a syrup that was fed to children to help them sleep. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Red Poppy. Papaver intermedium Becker Papaver rhoeas var. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message. Retrieved 24 October Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original xls on Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: New Flora of the British Isles Third ed. The black poppy Evelina. Retrieved 23 December Retrieved 24 January Archived from the original on Retrieved from ' https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies. This page was last edited on 20 July , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papaver rhoeas. Wikispecies has information related to Papaver rhoeas.

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