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Freek Pecht, an anti-drugs coordinator with the Dutch police, said the Colombians brought to Europe were often the same ones who hid the cocaine.
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Topic: Business, Economics and Finance. Traditional farming techniques have helped bring land on the edges of the Amazon rainforest back to life. Flaviano Mahecha is using his trusty machete to carve a path through the grassy undergrowth and prickly bushes of a farm on the edge of the Amazon rainforest. As he approaches a group of palm trees he stops: 'This is moriche, and this is acai,' he says, pointing excitedly at their leafy crowns. All of Guaviare used to look like this,' he adds, referring to the Colombian province that now forms the frontline in a fight to save the Amazon. A forest of palms spreads out before Mahecha and countless shades of green are juxtaposed against a clear blue sky. Marking the end of Colombia's vast open plains and the beginning of its dense Amazon rainforest, this farm belongs to Mahecha's friend Victor Vanegas. It hints at how the entire region looked decades ago, before settlers like Mahecha arrived seeking a better way of life. This frontier of megadiversity is home to hundreds of species native to the Colombian Amazon, including pink dolphins, tree sloths and red howler monkeys who live alongside indigenous groups. Yet this rich natural environment is disappearing at an alarming rate. Flaviano Mahecha is excited by the return of biodiversity. Most of this region is legally protected, experts say, yet deforestation has surged in recent years as clearing land for cattle and drug production, as well as development threatens to eliminate essential corridors of biodiversity and a critical buffer zone for the Amazon. Up to 70 per cent of the deforestation recorded in Colombia in occurred in regions like Guaviare, where forest loss ballooned per cent between and And forest fires continue to cut charcoal-black scars into the jungle canopy. Fires in the Brazilian Amazon last year have also affected Colombia's Amazon and helped people to understand the delicacy of the ecosystem. AP: Leo Correa. Years ago the lot was an empty pasture; today it is being reclaimed once again by the trees and the many living creatures that inhabit them. When farmers stopped clearing land to grow coca, the Amazon's indigenous plants and animals quickly returned. A short, stocky, moustachioed man wearing an oversized shirt and baggy trousers, Mahecha is in many ways the quintessential Colombian campesino, or farmer. And like thousands of others across the region, for many years he saw coca production , the base ingredient of cocaine, as the only way to make a living. Machecha is more fortunate than many of his friends and family members: he is still alive to recall the height of the narco-boom in the s and s. The drug trade brought unprecedented riches to the area, but along with it, a brutal wave of violence tore communities apart. As guerrilla insurgencies, and the paramilitaries established to defend landowners against them, warred over land used for cocaine production, campesinos and their families were often caught in the violence as they toiled for a minute fraction of the price the illegal white powder fetches abroad. No-one would trust you,' Mahecha says. Local farmers like Flaviano Mahecha are concerned deforestation is speeding up climate change. Mahecha pauses intermittently as he struggles to recall the long list of friends and family he lost to the violence: an uncle, a brother-in-law, son-in-law, three cousins, various acquaintances. On one occasion he was nearly killed as he searched for the body of his brother-in-law who had been chopped into pieces by the guerrillas for not paying a bribe. The last thing we found was his head in the bushes,' Mahecha recalls. Thank God, they let me go. A few got rich through the narco-boom, some fled, and many did their best to put up with the vicious cycle of violence. Violence has torn Colombia apart. But for Mahecha, it eventually got too much: the bribes and repeated aerial fumigation of his crops squeezing his profit margin, the constant fear and palpable sense of death, and telling his family face-to-face that he may not see them again every time he left home. Thankfully, he says, it was this realisation that prompted him to sit down with community leaders from across the region and discuss how they could end the cycle of violence and make a living without participating in the coca trade. After years of meetings and failed experiments, he is delighted to say they found a solution. The Colombian Amazon is a frontier of megadiversity with hundreds of unique species. The farmers drew inspiration from indigenous groups such as the Nukak Maku , a nomadic tribe displaced from remote depths of the jungle to the peripheries of Guaviare during the conflict in the s. Contrary to the local dogma that one must first destroy to produce, the farmers watched in awe as the Nukak used wooden blow pipes to shoot down monkeys from high up in the jungle canopy with poisonous darts and scaled the heights of towering trees with their bare hands and feet to pick nutritious berries. Nukak Maku are one of many tribes living in the Colombian Amazon without damaging the rainforest. Their future is threatened by deforestation. Reuters: Eliana Aponte. It dawned on them that it was not necessary to chop down vast swathes of forest to raise cattle or cultivate coca; the process was not only killing trees, but exhausting the soil and any chance of one day regenerating the ecosystem that they depend upon. Why not leave the trees intact and harvest straight from them instead? The families pick fruit from the trees and sell it to the cooperative, which then processes it into pulp at a nearby factory and distributes it to hipster restaurants in upscale neighbourhoods in the Andean capital, Bogota. The project has become so promising that he recently received invitations to conferences across Europe to share his expertise, much to his humble amusement. But the battle for conservation has not been simple. While many of the peculiar fruits sold by the cooperative have only recently become trendy for their unusual flavours and 'superfood' properties, the world's hunger for cocaine, and thus coca, is rapacious and entrenched. Guerrilla rebels who still operate in the area finance themselves through drug trafficking and continue to heavily patronise coca production, offering campesinos land and capital to cultivate the drug crop. The now-defunct Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia FARC , the country's biggest guerrilla insurgency, were once the forest's guardians, imposing strict environmental restrictions to conserve the jungle canopy which obscured them from deadly military planes, and followed their Marxist doctrine. Victor Vanegas and Flaviano Mahecha carve a path through the long grass. But they demobilised in following a historic peace accord with the government. The groups that have filled their power vacuum do not share such an interest in saving the environment. As the FARC left the region in , it saw an unprecedented environmental crisis: deforestation surged as forest fires ate into national parks and indigenous reserves. Hopes that the peace deal would end the conflict and save the environment have proved naive, say local researchers and activists. Rebels who refused to disarm, and now the de facto authority in some parts, have become key actors in deforestation and are threatening those who get in the way. In , 24 environmental activists were killed in Colombia: more than anywhere else in Latin America. Victor Venegas is a Colombian farmer who gave up growing coca, the core ingredient of cocaine. Although the danger is very real, Mahecha says he cannot abandon such a noble cause, particularly during a turning point in history. Global concern over Australia's bushfires as well as fires in Brazil's Amazon, alongside Greta Thunberg's rise from school child to global celebrity, suggest wider acknowledgement of the 'delicacy of the ecosystem'. And there is growing concern among local farmers that deforestation is drying up the region, increasing the temperature, and could eventually reduce the prospect of any agriculture at all. Like most working with the cooperative, Vanegas is quick to boast of the positive impact sustainable farming has delivered, noting how much cooler his farm feels and how many of the animals he saw as a child are returning. Mahecha believes this cultural transformation is key to saving the forest and the solution needs to be grassroots rather than top down. He wants approaches to the issue overhauled so that poor residents who protect the Amazon are consulted and financially supported for taking on this role in protecting it. In the meantime, he'll keep spreading the word: the wonders of conservation and the perils of choosing short-term profit over long-term prosperity. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. The Amazon's lost tribes are inspiring Colombia's cocaine farmers to become conservationists. The Amazon's lost tribes are inspiring Colombia's cocaine farmers to become conservationists By Luke Taylor. This farm is testament to the potential for change. Footer ABC News homepage.
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I Spent a Week in the Colombian Jungle Harvesting Cocaine · Processing coca paste is hard work in which all members of the family participate.
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Colombia, the world's largest producer of cocaine, is working to reduce reliance on coca cultivation. Instead the government is investing in oil palm.
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