Pakistan buying Ecstasy

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Pakistan buying Ecstasy

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Sale of controlled drugs without prescription is a burning issue in developing countries like Pakistan. Illicit sale practices lead towards drug abuse and misuse among youngsters and negatively impact the health of youth and economy of any country. Gathered data was analyzed using SPPS Controlled drugs were being provided to customers without prescription, which is a dilemma and need to be addressed for effective policy making. Effective policy must be developed and implemented by Governmental Authorities to prevent the youth from hazards associated with drug abuse and misuse. Non-medical prescription drug use, refers to the consumption of drugs that is not prescribed to that particular patient, or the misuse of prescribed drug for some other purpose Novak et al. Worldwide together with Asian countries drug abuse, including consumption of illegal and legal drugs, in young population is increased and became the most critical clinical problem which has serious impact on public health Abbasi-Ghahramanloo et al. Over dose of opioids was the major reason of these deaths Okie, In health care profession, role of community pharmacist is widely distributed. They have a vital contribution in community setup for the development of harm reduction strategies which in future minimize the mortality rate associated with the over dose of opioids Stopka et al. All the narcotics and other drugs having significant potential of abuse are classified in Pakistan into Schedule G of Punjab Drug Rules Over the past few years, In Pakistan there is a substantial rise in the number of drugs addicts. Different factors contribute in the wide spreading of this disaster as Pakistan has large area where opiates are being produced. Geographically Pakistan is adjacent to Afghanistan and have major trafficking routes for smuggling opiates Archibald et al. In Pakistan the standards of community pharmacies and knowledge of dispensers are not much high Abbas et al. Non availability of pharmacists, poor handling and validation of prescription are leading factors increased incidence of drug abuse and misuse. All drugs whether prescription or OTC are dispensed in same way. Even most of the time patients are entertained without prescription. Although laws are present for the sale of drugs but implementation and accountability is not up to the mark Hussain et al. Face validity, content validity and reliability of questionnaires were conducted through pilot study and were found to be satisfactory. Randomized selection of cities was made; covering the central, northern and southern Punjab. Simulated fake customers were sent to visit drug sale points and ask for any of the listed prescription drugs without prescription, to assess the response given during interview and the real sale practices. Each drug sale point was visited twice in a single day by both male and female fake customers, individually, to seek the response shown by sale persons at that drug sale point. Community pharmacies and medical stores were further distributed based upon the nature of location i. Socioeconomic status and education level of community varies from region to region. There is close association between socioeconomic status and drug addictive behavior. Similar sort of study was conducted to evaluate impact of socioeconomic status SES on nicotine dependence, self-efficacy, and intention to quit. Study demonstrated the strong relationship between SES and behavioral and psychological predictors of addiction cessation across different countries Siahpush et al. Pharmacy practice in Asia is characterized by insufficient history taking; a lack of appropriate patient referral; poor adherence to treatment guidelines, inappropriate supply of medicines and insufficient counseling Miller and Goodman, This speaks of poor regulation and control by health authorities on the sale and dispensing of medicines in Pakistan Hussain et al. But results were hilarious, pharmacist was present only at 11 drug sale points and drug sale points were being run by non-pharmacists Table 3. Table 5 illustrates the count of suspected addicts in different regions demanding drugs to satisfy their addiction urge. Geographical location and development of the area also affects the incidence of addiction which is directly related to socioeconomic status and education level of the community. Results of gender wise distribution of visitors have been illustrated in Tables 7 , 8 , and 9. Similar sort of cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan-Feb in Karachi, Pakistan Zafar et al. Results of city wise distribution of visitors have been illustrated in Table Tables 12 and 13 ; illustrate the influence of gender on acquisition of prescription drugs without prescription. The community pharmacies, where pharmacists were physically present; illicit sale practices were absent. Only 5 per cent of more than 40, pharmacies in Pakistan have qualified pharmacists while around 15, qualified pharmacists are jobless and an overwhelming number of the medical stores are run by unqualified managers Felix et al. Although, Government of Punjab, Health Department, is trying to ensure the presence of Pharmacists at Community Pharmacies, but the sale of Controlled Drugs at medical stores is seems to be unregulated. Implementation of Schedule G and presence of qualified person at medical stores is the only possible solution to curb the illicit sale practices. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Find articles by Irfan Bashir. Find articles by Mahmood Ahmad. Find articles by Muhammad Jamshaid. Find articles by Muhammad Zaman. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Pakistan's soaring drug prices leave patients scrambling

Pakistan buying Ecstasy

His brother suffers from epilepsy, and requires daily medication. And he is not the only one overpaying for medication. Khalid Anjum, who has been trading pharmaceuticals wholesale for the last two decades, confirms that the goods now cost several times more than just a year ago. One of the reasons for the crunch is the ongoing inflation. Pakistan is forced to import the majority of medications or at least their active ingredients from abroad, and with the value of rupee falling, its becoming harder for Pakistani companies to buy them from foreign producers. Others also point out to what Pakistanis call 'drug mafia' — unconscionable traders who stockpile medicine so they can sell them at a massive profit during shortages. During , drug regulatory officials raided multiple locations to discover medication storage rooms in various parts of Pakistan. The decision, which came into force in September, directly affected over 80, drugs. The move was aimed to ensure continuous availability of drugs and raw materials for manufacturers in Pakistan. Approving drug price hikes is not unusual in and of itself — during the past five years, the Pakistani government has given 15 such approvals. But such a steep increase, combined with import troubles and the stockpiling of medicine, seems to have backfired. The latest decision has caused the shortage and disappearance of over medicines including lifesaving and essential drugs, and seriously rattled the general public. According to the Pakistan's Pharmacist Association, the country of over million people has some 4, licensed pharmacies. At the same time, there is as many as ', other illegal merchants are also selling medications,' the association says. Pharmaceutical trader Khalid Anjum says that in Peshawar, the capital of the country's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, black market traders can provide their customers with any pharmaceutical product. Before the latest crisis, Pakistan has had at least registered manufacturing units in various parts of the country. However, domestic manufacturers are still heavily dependent on foreign suppliers. Obaid Ali has served as a federal regulator for more than two decades in Pakistan and is currently engaged with Center for Quality Sciences. Talking with DW, Obaid confirms that 'the government of Pakistan is producing not even a single standard medicine domestically. The medicines produced by local and international companies are no match for international pharmaceutical standards and could not be exported to the outside world, he said. Moreover, the current economic crisis has also put the survival of these manufacturing units at risk. Around small manufacturing plants have been completely shut down due to the ongoing inflation and the financial crunch across Pakistan , Mansoor Qazi, the former Chairman of the Pakistan Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Association, told DW. Latest videos Latest audio. Latest audio Latest videos. In focus. He describes the prices as 'totally unpredictable. Falling rupee leaves Pakistanis struggling to buy medicine To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Pakistan: High power bills prompt electricity theft To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Skip next section Related topics Related topics.

Pakistan buying Ecstasy