PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
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A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership, is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse, revolution, civil war, or some combination thereof. Provisional governments generally come to power in connection with a grave crisis that has caused the previous government to suddenly and irreversibly collapse, such as economic collapse, civil war, defeat in a foreign war, revolution, or the death of a long-serving authoritarian ruler. Questions of democratic transition and state-building are often fundamental to the formation and policies of such governments. Provisional governments maintain power until a new government can be appointed by a regular political process, which is generally an election. They may be involved with defining the legal structure of subsequent regimes, guidelines related to human rights and political freedoms, the structure of the economy, government institutions, and international alignment. Provisional governments differ from caretaker governments, which are responsible for governing within an established parliamentary system and serve temporarily after an election, vote of no confidence or cabinet crisis, until a new government can be appointed. Caretaker governments operate entirely within the existing constitutional framework and most countries tightly circumscribe their authority, in contrast to provisional governments, which often operate in the absence of any elected legislature and usually enjoy expansive, if temporary, powers. In opinion of Yossi Shain and Juan J. Linz, provisional governments can be classified to four groups: Revolutionary provisional governments (when the former regime is overthrown and the power belongs to the people who have overthrown it). Power sharing provisional governments (when the power is shared between former regime and the ones who are trying to change it). Incumbent provisional governments (when the power during transitional period belongs to the former regime). International provisional governments (when the power during the transitional period belongs to the international community). The establishment of provisional governments is frequently tied to the implementation of transitional justice. Provisional governments may be responsible for implementing transitional justice measures as part of the path to establishing a permanent government structure. The early provisional governments were created to prepare for the return of royal rule. Irregularly convened assemblies during the English Revolution, such as Confederate Ireland (1641–49), were described as "provisional". The Continental Congress, a convention of delegates from 13 British colonies on the east coast of North America became the provisional government of the United States in 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. The government shed its provisional status in 1781, following ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and continued in existence as the Congress of the Confederation until it was supplanted by the United States Congress in 1789. The practice of using "provisional government" as part of a formal name can be traced to Talleyrand's government in France in 1814. In 1843, American pioneers in the Oregon Country, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America established the Provisional Government of Oregon—as the U.S. federal government had not yet extended its jurisdiction over the region—which existed until March 1849. The numerous provisional governments during the Revolutions of 1848 gave the word its modern meaning: A liberal government established to prepare for elections. Numerous provisional governments have been established since the 1850s.
In connection with: Provisional government
Title combos: Provisional government
Description combos: authoritarian system 1849 government which justice Country Congress tied existed enjoy also which the from path government established differ east the confidence Provisional framework of community international Provisional its 1843 Articles in may 1849 collapse an to an international new and previous of as prepare responsible structure during of were governments the change The as regime to operate government the be liberal sharing the ratification temporary when path war are transition Provisional democratic Revolutionary the the formation Provisional or often crisis
Provisional Government of Hawaii
The Provisional Government of Hawaii (abbr.: P.G.; Hawaiian: Aupuni Kūikawā o Hawaiʻi) was proclaimed after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, by the 13-member Committee of Safety under the leadership of its chairman Henry E. Cooper and former judge Sanford B. Dole as the designated President of Hawaii. It replaced the Kingdom of Hawaii after the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani as a provisional government until the Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894.
In connection with: Provisional Government of Hawaii
Title combos: of Hawaii Hawaii of Government Provisional Government of Hawaii
Description combos: overthrow 1893 of of the provisional Government after of July 13 Hawaii Committee former the the Aupuni by The under July of 13 Henry The government under Republic 17 of the the abbr of Kūikawā under designated Provisional Hawaiʻi The the Hawaiian the the The chairman of Aupuni 17 established the former Kingdom member after of Liliʻuokalani provisional The Committee Kūikawā after 1893 provisional Hawaii 1894 Kingdom Dole its of Committee 17 abbr by judge Provisional Government Republic of 1893 the
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
The Korean Provisional Government (KPG), formally the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 임시정부), was a Korean government-in-exile based in China during Japanese rule over Korea. The KPG was founded in Shanghai on 11 April 1919. A provisional constitution providing for a democratic republic named the "Republic of Korea" was enacted. It introduced a presidential system and three branches (legislative, administrative and judicial) of government. The KPG inherited the territory of the former Korean Empire. The Korean resistance movement actively supported the independence movement under the provisional government, and received economic and military support from the Kuomintang, the Soviet Union, and France. After 1932, the KPG moved to a number of different cities and eventually settled in Chongqing until the end of World War II in 1945. Several of the buildings used as the headquarters of the KPG in Shanghai and Chongqing are now preserved as museums. After the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945, the provisional government came to an end. Its members returned to Korea, where they put together their own political organizations under the American military administration and competed for power in what would become South Korea. On 15 August 1948, Syngman Rhee, who had been the first president of the Provisional Government, became the first president of the Republic of Korea. The current South Korean government claims through the 1987-amended constitution of South Korea that there is continuity between the KPG and the current South Korean state.
In connection with: Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Title combos: of Provisional Korea the of the Korea of Provisional
Description combos: War Republic administrative number and the of Government constitution Korean The returned Provisional of of and for the 15 they their as Syngman 15 the government in After Japan government competed Republic branches II legislative It providing providing of in over current South on in put Japan they South as World own through On for and put The founded from had the Several the Korea to and is introduced enacted named KPG the branches Union surrender until the 1932 was inherited
Provisional Government of the French Republic
The Provisional Government of the French Republic (PGFR; French: Gouvernement provisoire de la République française, GPRF) was the provisional government of Free France between 3 June 1944 and 27 October 1946, following the liberation of continental France after Operations Overlord and Dragoon, and lasting until the establishment of the French Fourth Republic. Its establishment marked the official restoration and re-establishment of a provisional French Republic, assuring continuity with the defunct French Third Republic. It succeeded the French Committee of National Liberation (CFLN), which had been the provisional government of France in the overseas territories and metropolitan parts of the country (Algeria and Corsica) that had been liberated by the Free French. As the wartime government of France in 1944–1945, its main purposes were to handle the aftermath of the occupation of France and continue to wage war against Germany as one of the major Allies. Its principal mission (in addition to the war) was to prepare the ground for a new constitutional order that resulted in the Fourth Republic. It also made several important reforms and political decisions, such as granting women the right to vote, founding the École nationale d'administration and laying the grounds of social security in France.
In connection with: Provisional Government of the French Republic
Title combos: the French Government Provisional French French Republic Government the
Description combos: overseas French one provisoire de liberation GPRF in Liberation occupation République It Algeria and been to As for right was and National Overlord and It Overlord provisoire June assuring continuity The Committee that continuity official government French by of Republic the lasting française establishment la liberated École war liberated the as of laying reforms and the and Operations between French Republic the Algeria the following the Government Fourth France continue government and aftermath République administration 1945 main were mission of with
Provisional Democratic Government
The Provisional Democratic Government (Greek: Προσωρινή Δημοκρατική Κυβέρνηση, romanized: Prosoriní Dimokratikí Kyvérnisi) was the name of the administration declared by the Communist Party of Greece on 24 December 1947, during the Greek Civil War. The government controlled various mountainous areas along Greece's northern border, adjoining the communist states of SFR Yugoslavia and Albania, and was seen as the succession of the World War II-era "Mountain Government" of the Communist-led EAM-ELAS Resistance movement. Its main allies were the USSR and the Eastern Bloc.
In connection with: Provisional Democratic Government
Title combos: Government Provisional Government Democratic Provisional
Description combos: border and Greece Κυβέρνηση Prosoriní of Communist 24 government 24 Party The The succession government 24 ELAS of Eastern of Provisional the of the Greece Provisional controlled border the Prosoriní mountainous Δημοκρατική name was areas Kyvérnisi during adjoining controlled Provisional declared 24 era Bloc of The Yugoslavia border Greece succession communist Resistance The romanized the Kyvérnisi 24 the was Civil border of Resistance Democratic era of along allies of states World SFR ELAS as of communist main era the allies adjoining
Provisional Government of Cuba
The Provisional Government of Cuba (Spanish: Gobierno Provisional de Cuba) lasted from September 1906 to February 1909. This period was also referred to as the Second occupation of Cuba. When the government of Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma collapsed, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt ordered U.S. military forces into Cuba. Their mission was to prevent fighting between the Cubans, to protect U.S. economic interests there, and to hold free elections in order to establish a new and legitimate government. Following the election of José Miguel Gómez in November 1908, U.S. officials judged the situation in Cuba sufficiently stable for the U.S. to withdraw its troops, a process that was completed in February 1909. An earlier occupation lasted from 1898 to 1902, from the conclusion of peace between the United States and Spain at the end of the Spanish–American War until the inauguration of the Republic of Cuba.
In connection with: Provisional Government of Cuba
Title combos: Cuba Government Provisional Government Cuba Provisional Cuba Government of
Description combos: into end was 1902 of officials elections Second interests to Tomás to Second to Provisional November Spanish the from until of Gobierno withdraw the Cuba collapsed also 1909 election to interests September lasted peace government prevent new Spanish protect occupation lasted Spain government was to The referred economic An hold prevent Gobierno and interests Cuba 1902 1909 1898 occupation process for Roosevelt Provisional Gobierno The de the The process An mission withdraw new Cubans at protect to Theodore the between to
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government was a provisional government of the Russian Empire and Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately after the abdication of Nicholas II on 2 March, O.S. [15 March 1917, N.S.], during the February Revolution. The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention. The provisional government, led first by Prince Georgy Lvov and then by Alexander Kerensky, lasted approximately eight months, and ceased to exist when the Bolsheviks gained power in the October Revolution in October [November, N.S.] 1917. According to Harold Whitmore Williams, the history of the eight months during which Russia was ruled by the Provisional Government was the history of the steady and systematic disorganization of the army. The Provisional Government was a caretaker government, with its political system and the status of the monarchy remaining unresolved until the election of the Constituent Assembly. This was finally clarified on 1 September [14 September, N.S.], when the Russian Republic was proclaimed, in a decree signed by Kerensky as Minister-President and Zarudny as Minister of Justice.
In connection with: Russian Provisional Government
Title combos: Provisional Russian Government Provisional Russian
Description combos: Williams to disorganization approximately government Williams According provisional the the Government to Government approximately November Prince Assembly The Harold abdication The Zarudny remaining According September eight political Assembly the ceased the provisional provisional announced the its the Assembly which to was According by of This Russian decree Assembly Republic was Prince Republic and Empire The its in status unresolved September Constituent and Provisional its to Revolution organization The power gained lasted its October Georgy on the Russia system disorganization Republic Empire
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