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The Sandman Will Keep You Awake - The Loop
"Home Army" redirects here. For other uses, see Home Army (disambiguation) .
Kotwica was World War II emblem of the Polish Underground State and Armia Krajowa.
Government
Administration
Parliament
Courts
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Polish Socialist Party
People's Party
National Party
Labour Party
Minor parties
Camp of National Unity
Democratic Party
Jewish Labour Bund
Hashomer Hatzair
Betar (Zionist youth)
Opposition
National Radical Camp
Polish Workers' Party
Mostly integrated with Armed Resistance and Home Army
Partially integrated with Armed Resistance and Home Army
Non-integrated but recognizing authority of Armed Resistance and Home Army
Cultural activities
Education
History of Poland during 1939–1945
For more details on this topic, see Soviet partisans in Poland .
↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Marek Ney-Krwawicz, The Polish Underground State and The Home Army (1939-45) . Translated from Polish by Antoni Bohdanowicz. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 (Polish) Armia Krajowa . Encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
↑ 3.0 3.1 Tomasz Strzembosz, Początki ruchy oporu w Polsce. Kilka uwag. In Krzysztof Komorowski (ed.), Rozwój organizacyjny Armii Krajowej , Bellona, 1996, ISBN 83-11-08544-7
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Eastern Europe in World War II: October 1939-May 1945 . Lecture notes of prof Anna M. Cienciala. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 (Polish) Armia Krajowa . Encyklopedia WIEM . Retrieved 2 April 2008.
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Roy Francis Leslie, The History of Poland Since 1863 , Cambridge University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-521-27501-6 , Google Print, p.235 - 236
↑ Andrew A. Michta (1990). Red Eagle: The Army in Polish Politics, 1944-1988 . Hoover Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8179-8861-6 . http://books.google.com/?id=7Ff065RmrAsC&pg=PA32&dq=sikorski+katyn+two+enemies .
↑ Kwan Yuk Pan, "Polish veterans to take pride of place in victory parade" , Financial Times , July 5, 2005. Retrieved 31 March 2006.
↑ Andrzej Suchcitz, The Home Army Intelligence Service . Translated from Polish by Antoni Bohdanowicz. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
↑ 10.0 10.1 (Polish) Detailed biography of Witold Pilecki on Whatfor . Retrieved 21 November 2006.
↑ Ordway, Frederick I., III. "The Rocket Team." Apogee Books Space Series 36 (pgs 158, 173)
↑ McGovern, James. "Crossbow and Overcast." W. Morrow: New York, 1964. (pg 71)
↑ 13.0 13.1 (Polish) "Burza" . Encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
↑ Marjorie Castle, Ray Taras, Democracy in Poland , Westview Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8133-3935-9 , Google Print, p.27
↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Walter Laqueur, Guerrilla Warfare: A Historical and Critical Study , Transaction Publishers, 1998, ISBN 0-7658-0406-9 , Google Print, p.202-203
↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 R. J. Crampton , Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century , Routledge, 1994, ISBN 0-415-05346-3 , Google Print, p.198
↑ Based on Campaigns of Polish Armed Forces 1940-1945 Map (p.204) from Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski , Poland: A Historical Atlas , Hippocrene Books, 1987, ISBN 0-88029-394-2 .
↑ 18.0 18.1 Bohdan Kwiatkowski, Sabotaż i dywersja, Bellona, London 1949, vol.1, p.21; as cited by Marek Ney-Krwawicz, The Polish Underground State and The Home Army (1939-45) . Translated from Polish by Antoni Bohdanowicz. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 Rzeczpospolita, 02.10.04 Nr 232, Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce Ludowej (Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland). Retrieved June 7, 2006.
↑ (English) Stefan Korboński (1959). Warsaw in Chains . New York: Macmillan Publishing. pp. 112–123.
↑ 21.0 21.1 Andrzej Paczkowski. Poland, the "Enemy Nation," pp. 372–375, in Black Book of Communism . Crimes, Terror, Repression . Harvard University Press, London. See online excerpt .
↑ Michał Zając, Warsaw Uprising: 5 pm, 1 August 1944 , Retrieved on 4 July 2007.
↑ Żołnierze Batalionu Armii Krajowej "Zośka" represjonowani w latach 1944-1956," Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Warszawa 2008, ISBN 978-83-60464-92-2
↑ "Forgotten Holocaust. The Poles under German Occupation 1939-1944" Richard C. Lukas Hippocrene Books New York 1997, ISBN 0-7818-0901-0
↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 Roy Francis Leslie, The History of Poland Since 1863 , Cambridge University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-521-27501-6 , Google Print, p.234
↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Polish contribution to the Allied victory in World War 2 (1939-1945) . Publications of Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Canada. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
↑ Stanisław Salmonowicz, Polskie Państwo Podziemne , Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa, 1994, ISBN 83-02-05500-X
↑ Stanisław Salmonowicz citing Roman Korab-Żebryk, Polskie Państwo Podziemne , Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa, 1994, ISBN 83-02-05500-X
↑ 29.0 29.1 Roy Francis Leslie, The History of Poland Since 1863 , Cambridge University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-521-27501-6 , Google Print, p.234 - 235
↑ (Polish) Armia Ludowa . Encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 Rafal E. Stolarski, The Production of Arms and Explosive Materials by the Polish Home Army in the Years 1939–1945 .Translated from Polish by Antoni Bohdanowicz. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
↑ 32.0 32.1 Stefan Korboński , The Polish Underground State , Columbia University Press, 1978, ISBN 0-914710-32-X
↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 (Polish) Uzbrojenie i zaopatrzenie w broń Związku Walki Zbrojnej - Armii Krajowej. Last retrieved on 16 March 2008
↑ Michael Alfred Peszke, The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War , McFarland, 2004, ISBN 0-7864-2009-X , Google Print, p.183
↑ Willie Glaser (February 5, 2000). "Letter to Polish Home Army (AK) Association" ( WebCite ). Jewish Military Casualties in The Polish Armies in World War II . http://www.citinet.net/ak/pages/polska_40.html . Retrieved 2013-05-24 .
↑ -"The Stroop report," Pantheon 1986 ISBN 0-394-73817-9
↑ "The Stroop Report - The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw is No More," Secker & Warburg 1980
↑ Jewish Virtual Library . Retrieved March 5, 2008.
↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Andrzej Sławiński, Those who helped Polish Jews during WWII . Translated from Polish by Antoni Bohdanowicz. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
↑ John Wolffe, Religion in History: Conflict, Conversion and Coexistence , Manchester University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-7190-7107-0 , Google Print, p.240
↑ Mayevski, Florian (2003). Fire Without Smoke: Memoirs of a Polish Partisan . page 3: Mitchell Vallentine & Company. pp. 168. ISBN 978-0-85303-461-2 .
↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 (English) David Wdowiński (1963). And we are not saved . New York: Philosophical Library. p. 222. ISBN 0-8022-2486-5 . Note: Chariton and Lazar were never co-authors of Wdowiński's memoir. Wdowiński is considered the "single author."
↑ Richard C. Lukas "Forgotten holocaust - The Poles under German Occupation 1939-1944" Hippocrene Books 1997 ISBN 0-7818-0901-0
↑ Addendum 2 – Facts about Polish Resistance and Aid to Ghetto Fighters , Roman Barczynski , Americans of Polish Descent, Inc. Retrieved June 13, 2006.
↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 45.6 45.7 45.8 Tadeusz Piotrowski , Poland's Holocaust , McFarland & Company, 1997, ISBN 0-7864-0371-3 . Google Print, p.88 , p.89 , p.90
↑ Marrus, Michael Robert (1989). The "Final Solution" Outside Germany . v.1 . Meckler. p. 27. ISBN 0-88736-257-5 . "Generally speaking, the attitude of the Home Army was antisemitic; no Jews known as such could join its ranks, and when the leaders of the Home Army were asked to help the Jewish Fighting Organization in Warsaw, the amount of help extended was ridiculously and tragically small"
↑ Marek Edelman, Resisting the Holocaust: Fighting Back in the Warsaw Ghetto, Ocean Press, 2004, ISBN 1-876175-52-4 .
↑ 48.0 48.1 "Museum of the Warsaw Uprising" . 1944.pl . http://www.1944.pl/index.php?a=site_wall&STEP=02&id=1024&users_next_page=&order=&surname=Chmielewski&name=&nick=&ranga= . Retrieved 2009-09-15 . [ dead link ]
↑ Shmuel Krakowski. The Attitude of the Polish Underground to the Jewish Question during the Second World War . In: Joshua D. Zimmerman, ed. Contested Memories: Poles and Jews during the Holocaust and its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press, 2003. Pages 102.
↑ Gunnar S. Paulsson, Secret City... , Google Print, p.xvi , p.45
↑ Kohn, Moshe M. (1972). Jewish Resistance During the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Conference on Manifestations of Jewish Resistance, Jerusalem, April 7–11, 1968 (2nd ed.). Yad Vashem. p. 325. "As for the strong force, the Armia Krajowa (AK), which was by far the largest part of the Polish Underground — it was almost entirely anti-Semitic."
↑ Death Comes in Yellow: Skarżysko-Kamienna Slave Labor Camp Felicja Karay, 1996, Routledge.
↑ Krakowski, Shmuel (1973). "Policy of the Third Reich in Conquered Poland". In v.9. Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance . Yad Vashem. "From not a few Polish sources it is possible to learn quite easily that racialist, anti-Semitic tendencies were widespread in a large part of the AK"
↑ Pell, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Fred (2004). Taking Risks: A Jewish Youth in the Soviet Partisans and His Unlikely Life in California . Western Jewish History Center, RDR Books. p. 100. ISBN 1-57143-116-0 . "We Jews had mixed feelings about this mission because the Home Army was anti-Semitic. It had rejected many Jewish men and women who were qualified to enter its ranks"
↑ Leonid Smilovitsky. "Jews and Poles Among Belorussian Partisans" . JewishGen, Inc. . http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/belarus/bel129.html . Retrieved 2009-07-15 . "Anti-Semitism was widespread among the fighters of Armia Krajowa and of the grouping National Armed Forces (Narodowy Sily Zbrojne -- NSZ). Jews were regarded as a “pro-Soviet element” - they were persecuted and killed."
↑ 56.0 56.1 Review by John Radzilowski of Yaffa Eliach 's There Once Was a World: A 900-Year Chronicle of the Shtetl of Eishyshok , Journal of Genocide Research , vol. 1, no. 2 (June 1999), City University of New York.
↑ Robert Cherry, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future , Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, ISBN 0-7425-4666-7 , Google Print, p.105
↑ (Lithuanian) Arūnas Bubnys . Lietuvių ir lenkų pasipriešinimo judėjimai 1942–1945 m.: sąsajos ir skirtumai (Lithuanian and Polish resistance movements 1942-1945), January 30, 2004
↑ Petersen, Roger (2002). Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-century Eastern Europe . Cambridge University. p. 152. ISBN 0-521-00774-7 .
↑ Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust . McFarland & Company. p. 163. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3 . http://books.google.com/?id=A4FlatJCro4C&pg=PA163&lpg=PA163 .
↑ 61.0 61.1 Snyder, Timothy (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 . Yale University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-300-10586-X . http://books.google.com/?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84 .
↑ 62.0 62.1 Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust . McFarland & Company. pp. 168, 169. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3 . http://books.google.com/?id=A4FlatJCro4C&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168 .
↑ 63.0 63.1 (Polish) Piskunowicz, Henryk (1996). "Armia Krajowa na Wileńszczyżnie". In Krzysztof Komorowski. Armia Krajowa: Rozwój organizacyjny . Wydawnictwo Bellona. pp. 213–214. ISBN 83-11-08544-7 .
↑ (English) Tadeusz Piotrowski (1997). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide... . McFarland & Company. pp. 165–166. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3 . http://books.google.com/?id=A4FlatJCro4C&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=1939+Soviet+citizenship+Poland . Retrieved 2008-03-15 . See also review
↑ (Polish) Henryk Piskunowicz, Działalnośc zbrojna Armi Krajowej na Wileńszczyśnie w latach 1942-1944 in Zygmunt Boradyn; Andrzej Chmielarz, Henryk Piskunowicz (1997). Tomasz Strzembosz . ed. Armia Krajowa na Nowogródczyźnie i Wileńszczyźnie (1941–1945) . Warsaw: Institute of Political Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences . pp. 40–45. ISBN 83-907168-0-3 .
↑ (Polish) Gazeta Wyborcza, 2004-09-01, W Wilnie pojednają się dziś weterani litewskiej armii i polskiej AK (Today in Vilnius veterans of Lithuanian army and AK will forgive each other). Retrieved June 7, 2006.
↑ Dovile, Budryte (September 30, 2005). Taming Nationalism? . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. ISBN 0-7546-4281-X . http://books.google.com/?id=UJMzpeUHkQcC&pg=PA187&lpg=PA187 . p.187
↑ 68.0 68.1 Review of Sowjetische Partisanen in Weißrußland , by Marek Jan Chodakiewicz , in Sarmatian Review , April 2006
↑ 69.0 69.1 Tadeusz Piotrowski , Poland's Holocaust , McFarland & Company, 1997, ISBN 0-7864-0371-3 , Google Print, p.98-99
↑ Judith Olsak-Glass , Review of Piotrowski's Poland's Holocaust in Sarmatian Review , January 1999.
↑ 71.00 71.01 71.02 71.03 71.04 71.05 71.06 71.07 71.08 71.09 71.10 71.11 Timothy Snyder, " To Resolve the Ukrainian Question Once and for All: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943-1947 ," Journal of Cold War Studies , Spring 1999 Vol. 1 Issue 2, pp. 86-120
↑ Jurij Kiriczuk, Jak za Jaremy i Krzywonosa , Gazeta Wyborcza 23.04.2003. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
↑ Jan Maksymiuk: Ukraine, Poland Seek Reconciliation Over Grisly History in Radio Free Europe NEWS article, May 12, 2006
↑ Norman Davies (28 February 2005). God's Playground: 1795 to the present . Columbia University Press. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-231-12819-3 . http://books.google.com/books?id=EBpghdZeIwAC&pg=PA344 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
↑ Gregor Dallas, 1945: The War That Never Ended , Yale University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-300-10980-6 , Google Print, p.79
↑ Mark Wyman, DPs: Europe's Displaced Persons, 1945-1951 , Cornell University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8014-8542-8 , Google Print, p.34
↑ See for example: Leonid D. Grenkevich in The Soviet Partisan Movement, 1941-44: A Critical Historiographical Analysis, p.229 or Walter Laqueur in The Guerilla Reader: A Historical Anthology, (New York, Charles Scribiner, 1990, p.233
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The Armia Krajowa ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈarmja kraˈjɔva] , abbreviated AK ), or Home Army , was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German - occupied Poland . It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zb
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Uwielbia murzyńskie mleczko
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