Oral Sex How To Avoid Infection

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Oral Sex How To Avoid Infection

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Oral thrush and vaginal yeast infections are both caused by a naturally occurring fungus known as Candida albicans. The conditions referred to respectively as oral candidiasis and vaginal candidiasis, occur when a breakdown of the immune system provides the fungus an opportunity to thrive.

Both are characterized by the appearance of creamy white lesions 1 that can bleed if rubbed or scraped. 1 Given that candidiasis involves both the mouth and vagina, it may seem reasonable to assume that the fungus can be "caught" or "passed" during oral sex .

The evidence of this remains split, with some studies suggesting a risk in women but not men, while others conclude that the risk, if any, is negligible. 2

Candidiasis is simply the overgrowth of the C. albicans fungus. The infection is considered opportunistic in that it only occurs when the usual controls are disrupted. This may include changes in vaginal acidity, a depletion of the immune response, or medications that suppress the immune system. 3

This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.

Although we most commonly associate candidiasis with thrush and yeast infections, it can also affect the skin, nails, esophagus , and lungs or disseminate through the bloodstream to affect the heart, brain, eyes, bones, and other parts of the body.

The severity of candidiasis is directly related to the severity of immune suppression. Advanced HIV infection is one such example when candidiasis can become systemic and invasive.

This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.

As a naturally occurring fungus, C. albicans is really not something you can "catch." Everyone has some amount of C. albicans on the body (albeit controlled by a healthy immune system). As such, it is not sexually transmitted or something that can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy.

As far back as 2003, researchers at the University of Michigan concluded that sexual behaviors may play a role in the risk of vaginal candidiasis but that it is not "passed" from sexual partners to the vagina as some had believed.

Interestingly, while oral sex and masturbation with saliva were found to be risk factors for vaginal candidiasis, a yeast infection could develop whether the oral sex partner had oral thrush or not.

What this suggests is that the disruption of vaginal tissues (perhaps by enzymes in saliva that break down sugar) provided C. albicans the opportunity to grow. 4 The researchers also concluded there was no evidence that a person with vaginal candidiasis could transmit thrush or penile yeast infections to their sexual partners.

This is not to suggest that other forms of Candida cannot establish infection in the mouth or vagina. This includes a severe strain called Candida auris that is rare in the United States but is becoming a serious health threat in the developing world. 5

According to a 2015 study in the Journal of Environmental and Public Health , non- C. albicans strains such as Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei can also cause vaginal yeast infections. In fact, one type known as Candida glabrata occurred more frequently than even C. albicans.

With that being said, the development of yeast infections was more closely related to poor immune status than any other factor. This includes C. auris which is mainly transmitted in healthcare settings to immunocompromised patients. 6

The bulk of the current evidence suggests that sexual transmission does not play a major role in vaginal or oral yeast infections. Despite this, public health organizations, including Planned Parenthood, commonly advise people with vaginal yeast infections to hold off on receiving oral sex until the infection resolves. 7

This is due in part to the fact that candidiasis compromises vaginal tissues, providing a greater opportunity for infection (including bacterial and viral ones). Moreover, the inflammation caused by Candida will trigger a steep rise in the number of immune cells, called CD4 T-cells , which are the primary target for HIV. 8

This is evidenced by a 2003 study in the Journal of Women's Health in which women with persistent or recurrent yeast infections were more likely to seroconvert (become HIV-positive) than women who without. 9

Despite the findings, it is important to note that having a recurrent or persistent yeast infection infers a poor immune status. So, it is not entirely clear how much a yeast infection contributed to the seroconversion or if it was simply symptomatic of the many illnesses a person can get if their immune status is poor.

Most people do not need to be concerned about the sexual transmission of thrush or yeast infections. However, people who have recurrent vaginal yeast infections may want to discuss the benefits of safer sex with their doctor. Doing so may reduce the likelihood of candidiasis and other more potentially serious diseases.

In addition, an anti- Candida diet may reduce your risk by removing the dietary sugars that the fungus feeds on. Probiotic foods and supplements may also contribute to improved vaginal health by helping maintain the natural vaginal flora .

Get our printable guide for your next doctor's appointment to help you ask the right questions.

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Don’t use a douche or ever feel the need to "wash" your vagina by pushing water or detergents up there
Don’t use perfumed soaps or antiseptic products down below or in the bath
Try using a condom if you tend to get BV symptoms after having sex with a male partner
Try using Balance Activ – one or two tubes a week or one pessary a day for four or five days, if there are times when you tend to get a recurrence, such as around the time of your period

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HAVING oral sex could put women at risk of a nasty infection down below, experts warn.
A common type of bacteria found in the mouth could create an environment for a condition known as bacterial vaginosis to thrive.
Known as BV, the condition is an imbalance of the usual bacteria found in the vagina which can cause foul-smelling discharge.
It's not a sexually transmitted infection but if untreated it can make women more vulnerable to them, as well as getting urinary infections.
The vagina is normally acidic and tends to have plenty of "good" bacteria called lactobacillus.
But sometimes the natural pH balance can tip and other micro-organisms can thrive.
Researchers from the University of California wanted to discover how a common bacteria found in the mouth could upset the delicate balance.
They found that the mouth bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is linked with gum disease and dental plaque, could encourage BV.
The study, published in PLoS Biology, looked at bacterial behaviour in mice and human vaginal specimens.
Dr Amanda Lewis, who led the research, said that their experiments showed that the mouth bacteria appeared to aid in the growth of other bacteria implicated in BV.
She suggested that her team's findings show how oral sex could contribute to some cases of BV.
Experts already know that the infection can be triggered by sex, including between women.
But they cautioned that this new research highlights an additional risk which is only very small.
Dr Anne Henderson, consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, told The Sun Online: "This is a very interesting study which raises potentially important risk factor for bacterial vaginosis (BV).
"BV is becoming increasingly problematic in women but is often a misdiagnosed as other infections including thrush.
Women should not, however, be alarmed by this data as the additional risk is very small
"There has been previous evidence relating to both oral and anal sex and an increased risk of BV due to possible triggers associated with the increased risk.
"Women should not, however, be alarmed by this data as the additional risk is very small.
"My recommendation is to focus on optimising vaginal health.
"The best way to minimise the risk of infection such as BV is to ensure a regular intake of a high quality probiotic supplement.
"Ensuring high concentration of lactobacillus which is the vagina’s “natural defence” will minimise the risk of BV, thrush and STIs.
"Women should also follow sensible precautions and avoid the use of douches and deodorants and should stick to bland washing products without unnecessary synthetic additives such as parabens, fragrance, dye and other agents.
"There is also evidence that organic sanitary products and menstrual cups may be associated with a reduced risk of vaginal infection, particularly thrush and BV as they seem do not seem to disrupt the natural pH balance as much as other sanitary products."
Dr Shree Datta, INTIMINA’s gynaecologist, said: "Whilst there is some evidence to suggest an association with oral sex and bacterial vaginosis, the studies are limited and many different factors may influence this.
"This includes the oral hygiene of the person giving oral sex as well as the vaginal microbiome and strength of immunity in the recipient.
"Don’t forget many others things can muddy the waters here - for example, how often you have oral sex and whether you have any medical problems which may make you prone to bacterial vaginosis.
"Smoking and vaginal douching can also affect your vaginal bacterial balance."
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