Only The A Hole

Only The A Hole
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A podcast where we dissect minor social squabbles ripe with ambiguity to discuss who truly is the a-hole in any situation. Just remember - it could be you!
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Types of Holes – The Complete Guide

by
The Engineer's Bible

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Updated:

07-Oct-2022

15 thoughts on “Types of Holes – The Complete Guide”

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This is a complete guide to the types of holes found in machining.
So if you want to learn the different types of holes used in engineering, you’ll love today’s guide.
A simple hole is a circle that has been cut out of an object.
If we cut the block in half, it looks like this:
The symbol used for a hole is the diameter ‘Ø’ symbol.
Simple holes are shown on engineering drawings by stating the diameter and the depth of the hole.
For example, a 20 diameter hole that goes straight through the component would be represented as “Ø20 Through”.
Holes that go all the way through the component are known as through holes .
Holes that do not go completely through the material are known as blind holes .
Holes can be shown as a section view in order to show a clearer image of the depth of the holes.
The bottom view is what we would see if we cut the top view in half along the ”A’ section line.
The shape of the bottom of the hole is determined by the tool used to create the hole.
For a drilled hole, the shape of the bottom of the hole will be determined by the drill tip angle.
If the hole is created by a process called ‘boring’ or by a tool with a zero tip angle, the bottom of the hole will be flat.
These two types of blind hole drilling are shown in the drawing below:
A counterbore is a simple hole with a wider hole above it.
The 3D model below shows a counterbore with the same counterbore next to it cut in half:
The symbol used for a counterbore is ‘⌴’.
Counterbored holes are shown on engineering drawings as follows:
The top view shows how counterbored holes are shown on drawings. The bottom view explains what the counterbore dimensions are showing.
Note for counterbored holes that the pilot hole usually goes completely through the component. That’s why there isn’t a ‘Through’ or a dimension after the pilot hole diameter, because it is assumed it goes all the way through.
A ‘pilot hole’ is a small diameter hole, usually the first hole to be drilled.
The counterbore example above was for an M20 socket-head bolt with normal clearance. You can find out what size counterbore you need by looking at a chart such as this one .
Counterbores are machined for socket-head screws. They are used for applications where the bolt or screw must sit beneath the surface.
For example, in applications where there isn’t space for a hex-head bolt to be used due to clearance issues:
A washer may also be present underneath the socket-head screw.
A spotface is a shallow counterbored hole.
The symbol for a spotface is the counterbore symbol with the letters ‘SF’ inside it:
An example of a spotface is shown below, the dimensioning is very similar to a counterbore.
Spotfaces are used for creating a smooth and flat surface.
For example, a component that has been made via casting may not have a smooth and flat surface like a machined component.
Therefore a spotface is machined, ensuring that a part to be connected to a component with a rough surface is located correctly.
A countersink is a simple hole with a conical hole above it.
The 3D model below shows a countersink with the same countersink next to it cut in half:
The symbol for a countersink is ‘⌵’.
Countersunk holes are shown on drawings as follows – the bottom section view shows what the top dimension refers to.
If the countersink was a blind hole, the ‘Through’ above would be replaced with the depth of the pilot hole.
You may be wondering what the ‘ Ø 40.32′ is. This is known as the theoretical edge and this size countersink is for an M20 countersunk bolt.
You can find out the countersunk dimension required for countersunk metric bolts here .
Countersunk holes are used for applications where a countersunk bolt or screw is required.
Like counterbore holes, countersink holes ensure the bolt or screw sit below the surface.
A counterdrilled hole is like a countersunk hole but there is a recess above it.
T he 3D model below shows a counterdrilled hole with the same counterdrilled hole next to it cut in half:
The symbol for a counterdrill is the same as a countersink (⌵) but there will be a depth stated as well.
Counterdrilled holes are shown on drawings as follows – the bottom section view shows what the top dimension refers to.
A counterdrill can also be stated as C’DRILL or CDRILL on an engineering drawing.
A tapered hole is one where the start diameter of the hole is a different to the end diameter of the hole.
Below is a 3D model of a tapered hole next to the same hole cut in half:
Tapered holes can be shown in a number of different ways on engineering drawings.
An example of a drawing showing a tapered hole is below:
The taper in the above example is 1:5. The end diameter has been left on for reference (in brackets).
To work out what the end diameter use the equation:
Tapered holes can also be shown without the taper symbol when dimensioning using an angle is more important:
Tapered holes have lots of different engineering applications.
A common example is using a tapered hole to secure cutting tools or other tool holders.
A screw clearance hole is exactly that.
It’s a simple hole that has a slightly bigger diameter than the screw thread so that the screw can pass through.
Screw clearance holes are shown as simple holes, and use the ‘ Ø ’ diameter symbol.
Screw clearance holes are shown as simple holes:
Screw clearance holes are used for components that need the screw or bolt to go through them.
An example of this is a bracket that needs to be attached to a block.
The bracket has screw clearance holes so that a bolt can pass through it.
The bolt is threaded into the block which has a tapped hole.
The compression force of tightening the bolt fixes the bracket to the block.
A tapped (or threaded) hole is a hole that has a thread.
The symbol for a tapped hole depends on the standards used. For metric holes, the diameter symbol is replaced with an ‘M’. For example a tapped hole for an M8 bolt would be ‘M8’.
For different types of threads, for example a Unified National Fine (UNF) thread, the numerical dimension is shown first then the thread type “UNF”.
Tapped holes are shown on drawings as follows:
The “2.5” is the pitch of the thread, which is the distance in millimeters between each thread.
For a UNF thread, a through 1½” 12 hole would look like this:
The ’12’ means that there are 12 threads per inch.
Tapped holes are used to hold threaded components. Examples include screws, bolts and threaded rods.
Enjoyed this post? Check out our types of welds post .
We hope you enjoyed our new types of holes guide.
Now we’d like to hear what you have to say:
Which type of hole did you learn today?
Or which type of hole do you use most often?
Let us know by leaving a comment below right now.
Thanks for this info. Been a while.
If I have a tapped hole and counter bore feature on the periphery of a round face, would the tapped hole depth still start from the imaginary arc, or from the bottom of the counter bore? I can’t find any specific drafting standard that shows this but looking at the spot face example, it would seem that the tapped hole depth would be understood to start from the circular face, and not the first flat face at the bottom of the counter bore?
Usually the smaller diameter (pilot) hole is the first dimension given for a counterbored hole, and this is the same for a hole with a spotface (i.e. the M20 hole dimension comes before the 50 mm diameter spotface dimension above).
A good way to imagine this is as if you are machining the tapped hole first and then the spotface (so the tapped hole starts at the imaginary arc in your example).
To stop any potential ambiguity in the engineering drawing of your imaginary arc example, a section view with individual dimensions for the depth could be used instead.
Is it a through hole through which cables go?
It depends on if the cables go through the whole component or not. If using electrical conduit then this pipe could be seen as a through hole for the cable.
If the cable does not go all the way through the component, such as the hole for a hotend sensor in a 3D printer heater block, then this would be a blind hole.
Thanks a lot for Detailed explain along with 3D
You’re welcome Nagma, glad you enjoyed the 3D CAD models!
what does C’Drill (Only K ) mean? please help.
Hi Tuong, C’Drill is referencing a counterdrilled hole and this article has now been updated to explain counterdrilled holes.
It’s hard to say what the ‘Only K’ is refering to without seeing the drawing. Perhaps it’s just the one instance to be counterdrilled?
Hello po ,what other term for counterdrill holes?
Hi Mello, another term for a counterdrill hole could be “C’Drill” or “CDRILL” on an engineering drawing.
We have added another 3D model to explain counterdrilled holes in more detail.
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Control your black hole, eating up everything on your way. The bigger you get, the larger structures you are able to suck in. Keep an eye on the opponents’ size, too. They can eat you.
Absorb everyone into your black hole in the new game - Hole.io
Control your round hole and consume everything on your path: cars, houses, people! Engage in battles with other
holes in the same city. Grow bigger and more powerful but beware of other players & their holes may be bigger than
yours and pull you in.
This game literally sucks you in! Try to become the biggest in the city.
The gameplay is very easy to get into: all you need to do is move the hole around and let various objects drop into it and disappear into the unknown. The trick is to only go under the objects that can fit inside: start with consuming pedestrians, poles and bushes, move on to cars and ultimately to large buildings. You can also eat other black holes if they are smaller than you.
The game takes place in a city area, so the map is comprised of office buildings, apartment complexes, parking lots, roads parks and many other areas usually associated with urban environment. The surroundings are instantly familiar to anyone who has ever seen a big city, so they are pretty easy to navigate. The best game strategy is to plan your way around the areas in advance: think of the most efficient route that will give you enough smaller objects in the beginning and will eventually introduce something bigger and bigger to chew on.
Each round only takes a couple of minutes, so don’t get discouraged if you don’t win right away: once you’ve familiarized yourself with the level and the mechanics you will become the master of Hole.io in no-time!
In this rather unique combination of arcade and puzzle there are lots of little things you can do to outsmart the competition and best every single one of your opponents. Here’s a basic list of effective moves and helpful tips.
Since the main mechanic is physics-based it is important to adjust your movement when trying to consume an object. Let’s say you want to eat some traffic lights: sometimes sliding under a vertical pole makes it fall in an unwanted direction and ultimately drop flat on the floor horizontally, thus preventing you from being able to eat it. To prevent that from happening you might want to slow down just a bit or move slightly backwards once the pole start moving in an unwanted direction.
It is possible to get larger objects and buildings fall in even if your hole is not big enough: simply place yourself under one of the edges of the object for it to start leaning into the singularity and then move slowly towards its other end gradually consuming the rest.
It may be more important to swallow more smaller stuff than fewer big structures. It is common to feel inclined to try and consume huge buildings once the hole gets big enough, however it is a bit of a risk because it’s possible to underestimate the size of an object. If it won’t fit inside, you will end up wasting your time. Instead spend some time adjusting to your new size by going for smaller prey.
If you have been having trouble making it to the top of the score board and besting other players, these tips will hopefully help you overcome some of the major difficulties. Ultimately, we tend to produce best results after entering that focused meditative flow state of mind, but you need to become really comfortable and familiar with the game in order to achieve it. Good luck becoming the best at Hole.io!

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