One Hurricane 4

One Hurricane 4
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One of Four: Hurricane Camille

One of Four: Hurricane Camille
By Emily Senesac (emily.senesac@noaa.gov)

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Only four hurricanes have ever made landfall on the continental United States as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. The first occurred on Labor Day in 1935, decimating the Florida Keys with top wind speeds of more than 180 miles per hour. More than 50 years later, Hurricane Andrew, one of the costliest natural disasters in history, made landfall in South Florida and later Louisiana in August, 1992. In the fall of 2018, the late-season Hurricane Michael swept through the southeast with a landfall in the Florida panhandle.
The fourth Category 5 to strike the contiguous United States occurred in 1969. After forming off the west coast of the Cayman Islands on August 14, Hurricane Camille quickly gained strength as it moved northward. By the time it made landfall along the Mississippi Gulf Coast on August 17, Camille had evolved into a Category 5 storm. Ranked as the second most intense hurricane to strike the U.S., Camille averaged landfall and coastal wind intensity of 150 knots, or 175 miles per hour, with a devastating storm surge of about 25 feet. However, the maximum sustained winds of Camille remain unknown -- the powerful winds destroyed all wind-recording instruments in the landfall area.
The impacts of Hurricane Camille were felt across much of the southeast U.S., especially southeast Mississippi and southwest Alabama. Most of the inland damage was a result of fallen trees and power lines, while damage on the immediate coast was caused by both wind and storm surge. Communities saw homes and buildings damaged or destroyed, fallen trees, and flooded roads. Additionally, crops in Mississippi and Alabama took an enormous hit -- peach and pecan orchards were completely destroyed, and more than 20,000 acres of corn were flattened. The majority of the crop damage -- about 90% -- was due to the high winds while just 10% is attributed to the intense rainfall.
After wreaking havoc on the Gulf Coast, Camille moved northward to Tennessee and into Kentucky, weakening to a tropical depression along the way before turning east to Virginia. While the heaviest rainfall in Mississippi and Alabama measured about 10 inches, Camille, as a tropical depression while moving eastward over Virginia, produced rainfall amounts of 1-2 feet, with local amounts of more than 30 inches. Most of this rain occurred during a period of 3-5 hours, causing catastrophic flash flooding throughout the Appalachians. The rainfall led to the most severe flooding the James River and its tributaries had seen in more than a century, and produced devastating landslides that washed away homes, roads, bridges, and railroads.
The rainfall, winds, and storm surge from Camille caused 256 deaths across several states -- 143 were on the Gulf Coast, and another 113 were a direct result of the Virginia floods. All told, the damage caused by Camille totaled approximately $1.4 billion dollars (about $10 billion in 2020 adjusted for inflation).
For 36 years, Hurricane Camille held the record as the most devastating hurricane to strike the Gulf Coast. Though not a Category 5 hurricane at the time of landfall, Hurricane Katrina became one of the costliest and most deadly storms to affect the area when it struck in August 2005.
For more than 150 years, the NWS has been dedicated to warning and preparing our country for the impact of hazardous weather events. Though technology and communications continue to improve, it is important to stay vigilant and aware of incoming weather hazards.
Thank you for visiting a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website. The link you have selected will take you to a non-U.S. Government website for additional information.
NOAA is not responsible for the content of any linked website not operated by NOAA. This link is provided solely for your information and convenience, and does not imply any endorsement by NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce of the linked website or any information, products, or services contained therein.

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Laura has intensified rapidly -- with winds increasing by 65 mph in just 24 hours -- and will make landfall as an extremely powerful, dangerous Category 4 hurricane.
Laura is now the most powerful August hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico since Katrina hit 15 years ago.
Places from Port Arthur, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, will take a 150 mph hurricane directly head-on.
This is what to expect from a Category 4 storm
"Catastrophic damage" will occur when a Category 4 comes ashore, says the National Hurricane Center. "Well-built framed homes can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted, and power poles downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months."
In addition to the winds, impacts include more than a foot of rainfall for some, isolated tornadoes for others, and as the NHC put it on Wednesday, an " unsurvivable storm surge " for many.
Mandatory evacuations have been issued for coastal residents in Laura's path as a result of this dire storm surge scenario.
Louisiana and Texas are, of course, no stranger to hurricanes. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration states that Louisiana has been directly hit by 54 hurricanes, 17 of these major, and Texas by 64 hurricanes, 19 of these major, since records began in the mid-19th century.
But not a single Category 4 or 5 has ever hit this part of the two states.
Hurricane Laura will change that when it comes ashore during the morning hours of Thursday.
It is sure to leave an indelible mark on the region.
The system will be for them what Hurricane Andrew was for Miami; what Hurricane Rita was for Houston; what Hurricane Katrina was for New Orleans.
© 2022 Cable News Network. A Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All Rights Reserved. CNN Sans ™ & © 2016 Cable News Network.
Updated 2139 GMT (0539 HKT) August 26, 2020
(CNN) Hurricane Laura will soon hit the southwest Louisiana and upper Texas coasts.

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