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November 10, 2020, Adapted from an article written by Debra Lynn Dadd
Nylon is a family of plastics made from petroleum. It is a silky material that can be melted into fibers, films, and shapes. It’s been called “the most useful synthetic material” because of it’s versatility.
Nylon polymers are theoretically unreactive and not considered particularly harmful, However, some people who are sensitive to materials made from petroleum may react to nylon.
For myself, I minimize my use of nylon because I prefer natural materials rather than manmade synthetic materials just as a general rule. I use nylon only when it's the best possible material for the function and there isn't a natural alternative, such as I have an old nylon raincoat and a nylon swimsuit. And there are probably bits and pieces made of nylon in various products I own. But it's not a material that I watch out for and avoid completely, it's just not my first choice.
Nylon fabric isn’t on any lists of chemicals of concern that I am aware of but the government of Canada has evaluated nylon 6,6 because it is also used in cosmetics, and classified it as a “medium human health priority”; it is also on the Environment Canada Domestic Substance List. Another study found that some of the chemicals in nylon kitchen utensils migrated into food, however, you would need to use the utensil for 100 hours before enough would leach to begin to be a problem.
That said, nylon is a whole family of materials that may have additives, finishes, and other chemicals added. Generally, however, any nylon is listed on a label simply as "nylon," regardless of any other added substances. This makes it difficult to assess nylon’s toxicity.
Nylon polymers can be mixed with many different additives to create a wide variation of properties.
Nylon polymers are widely used to make fabric and fibers (apparel, flooring and rubber reinforcement), in shapes (molded parts for cars, electrical equipment, etc.), and in films (mostly for food packaging).
Nylon was the first commercially successful synthetic thermoplastic polymer. DuPont began its research project in 1927. The first example of nylon (nylon 6,6) was produced using diamines on February 28, 1935, by Wallace Hume Carothers at DuPont's research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station. In response to Carothers' work, Paul Schlack at IG Farben developed nylon 6, a different molecule based on caprolactam, on January 29, 1938.
Nylon was first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush in 1938, followed more famously in women's stockings or "nylons" which were shown at the 1939 New York World's Fair and first sold commercially in 1940.
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What is your opinion about nylon kitchen utensils? Would you recommend them? If not, what are some good alternatives to nylon utensils?
I prefer solid wood, 100% food-grade silicone, or stainless steel. While nylon is not a top choice the exposure from cooking utensils is not a big risk. When you are using them to stir or lift food out of a pot or pan, the length of contact is very short and leaching takes time. I would avoid leaving a nylon utensil immersed in the food an extended period.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Ethylene-vinyl acetate" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate); Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate); Polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

^ Whelan, A.; Whelan, Tony (27 May 1994). Polymer Technology Dictionary . Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780412581809 – via Google Books.

^ Reyes-Labarta, J.A.; Marcilla, A. (2012). "Thermal Treatment and Degradation of Crosslinked Ethylene Vinyl Acetate-Polyethylene-Azodicarbonamide-ZnO Foams. Complete Kinetic Modelling and Analysis". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research . 51 (28): 9515–9530. doi : 10.1021/ie3006935 .

^ Reyes-Labarta, J.A.; Marcilla, A. (2008). "Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis of the Thermal Treatment of Ternary Mixtures of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, Polyethylene and Azodicarbonamide". Journal of Applied Polymer Science . 110 (5): 3217–3224. doi : 10.1002/app.28802 . hdl : 10045/13312 .

^ Reyes-Labarta, J.A.; Olaya, M.M.; Marcilla, A. (2006). "DSC Study of the Transitions Involved in the Thermal Treatment of Foamable Mixtures of PE and EVA Copolymer with Azodicarbonamide". Journal of Applied Polymer Science . 102 (3): 2015–2025. doi : 10.1002/app.23969 . hdl : 10045/24680 .

^
Mills, N. J. (2003). "Running shoe materials". In Jenkins, Mike (ed.). Materials in Sports Equipment . Vol. 1. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. pp. 74, 76. ISBN 9781855738546 . Retrieved 2018-11-11 .

^ "What is Flower Making Foam (aka Foamiran)?" . Foamiran . October 12, 2017 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 .

^
"How Nikwax Works" . nikwax.com .

^ Jump up to: a b Meng, Tingzhu Teresa (2014). "Volatile organic compounds of polyethylene vinyl acetate plastic are toxic to living organisms" . The Journal of Toxicological Sciences . 39 (5): 795–802. doi : 10.2131/jts.39.795 . PMID 25242410 .

^ "Safety Data Sheet (SDS) SDS‐101 – Ethylene‐Vinyl‐Acetate" (PDF) . February 10, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2021 . Retrieved 18 April 2020 .

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ethylene-vinyl acetate .

DIBP
DBP
BBP (BBzP)
DIHP
DEHP (DOP)
DIDP
DINP

Ethylene-vinyl acetate ( EVA ), also known as poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) ( PEVA ), is the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate . The weight percent of vinyl acetate usually varies from 10 to 40%, with the remainder being ethylene. There are three different types of EVA copolymer, which differ in the vinyl acetate (VA) content and the way the materials are used.

The EVA copolymer which is based on a low proportion of VA (approximately up to 4%) may be referred to as vinyl acetate modified polyethylene. It is a copolymer and is processed as a thermoplastic material – just like low density polyethylene . It has some of the properties of a low density polyethylene but increased gloss (useful for film), softness and flexibility. The material is generally considered non-toxic.

The EVA copolymer, which is based on a medium proportion of VA (approximately 4 to 30%), is referred to as thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and is a thermoplastic elastomer material. It is not vulcanized but has some of the properties of a rubber or of plasticized polyvinyl chloride particularly at the higher end of the range. Both filled and unfilled EVA materials have good low temperature properties and are tough. The materials with approximately 11% VA are used as hot melt adhesives.

The EVA copolymer which is based on a high proportion of VA (greater than 60%) is referred to as ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber. [1]

EVA is an elastomeric polymer that produces materials which are "rubber-like" in softness and flexibility. The material has good clarity and gloss, low-temperature toughness , stress-crack resistance, hot-melt adhesive waterproof properties, and resistance to UV radiation . EVA has a distinctive vinegar-like odor and is competitive with rubber and vinyl polymer products in many electrical applications.

Yoga blocks are commonly made of EVA, as are some mats

Hot melt adhesives (such as hot glue sticks) and top-of-the-line soccer cleats are usually made from EVA, generally with additives like wax and resin . EVA is also used as a clinginess-enhancing additive in plastic wraps . Craft-foam sheets are made of EVA and are popularly used for children's foam stickers. [ clarification needed ]

EVA is also used in biomedical engineering applications as a drug-delivery device. The polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent (such as dichloromethane ). Powdered drug and filler (typically an inert sugar) are added to the liquid solution and rapidly mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The drug-filler-polymer mixture is then cast into a mold at −80 °C and freeze-dried until solid. These devices are used in drug delivery research to slowly release a compound. The polymer does not biodegrade within the body, but is quite inert and causes little or no reaction following implantation.

EVA is one of the materials popularly known as expanded rubber or foam rubber . EVA foam [2] [3] [4] is used as padding in equipment for various sports such as ski boots , bicycle saddles, hockey pads, boxing and mixed-martial-arts gloves and helmets, wakeboard boots, waterski boots, fishing rods and fishing-reel handles. It is typically used as a shock absorber in sports shoes , for example. (Some manufacturers of running shoes, such as Nike , market EVA-based compression-moulded foam used in the manufacture of running shoes as "Phylon". [5] )
It is used for the manufacture of floats for commercial fishing gear such as purse seine ( seine fishing ) and gillnets . In addition, because of its buoyancy, EVA has made its way into non-traditional products such as floating eyewear. It is also used in the photovoltaics industry as an encapsulation material for crystalline silicon solar cells in the manufacture of photovoltaic modules . EVA slippers and sandals are popular, being lightweight, easy to form, odourless, glossy, and cheaper compared to natural rubber. In fishing rods, EVA is used to construct handles on the rod-butt end. EVA can be used as a substitute for cork in many applications.

EVA copolymers are adhesives used in packaging, textile, bookbinding for bonding plastic films, metal surfaces, coated paper and as redispersible powders in plasters and cement renders .

In recent years, EVA foam has seen popular use in cosplay communities, largely in part due to its ease to work with, durability, and comfort in comparison to traditional plastic-based costumes. [ citation needed ]

Flower-making foam is a thin sheet made of EVA, which is flexible, and is used by artists and craft makers to make artificial flowers. These foams are presented as raw sheets and they can be cut into the desired petal shape and then can be formed by ironing to assemble artificial flowers by putting these petals together. [6]

EVA is also used in coatings formulation of good-quality interior water-borne paints at 53% primary dispersant.

Hydrolysis of EVA gives ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer.

EVA is used in orthotics, surfboard and skimboard traction pads, car mats and for the manufacturing of some artificial flowers. It is used as a cold flow improver for diesel fuel and as a separator in HEPA filters . EVA can easily be cut from sheets and molded to shape. It is also used to make thermoplastic mouthguards that soften in boiling water for a user-specific fit. It is also used for conditioning and waterproofing leather. [7]
EVA finds application in the making of nicotine transdermal patches, since the copolymer binds well with other agents to form gel-like substances.
EVA is also sometimes used as a material for some plastic model kit parts.

Polyethylene vinyl acetate has recently become a popular alternative to polyvinyl chloride because it does not contain chlorine. [8] As of 2014, EVA has not been found to be carcinogenic by the NTP, ACGIH, IARC or OSHA, and has no known adverse effect on human health. [9] Like many plastics, it is difficult to biodegrade. One study suggested it may have adverse effects on living organisms, but its effect on humans has not been determined. [8]

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Bonding Nylon/Polyamide with Industrial Adhesive

Polyamide (commonly called Nylon which is a DuPont tradename), is a thermoplastic material widely used in a number of applications across various industries. Special blends are often available with features such as high lubricity, flexibility, and flame retardant properties. Often, Nylon is glass-filled to give extra strength and stiffness properties. It often has a “silky” appearance and it has quite a high melting point – making it a popular material for engineering applications.
Sometimes bonding Nylon is difficult because the surface can have a “greasy” feel to it (due to slip additives). Even wiping the Polyamide surface clean with an alcohol-based cleaner will show little improvement as the slip additives continue to migrate to the surface. It is possible to “dry-out” Nylon before bonding – leaving it in the oven at 60°C for several hours or overnight will reduce this issue.
It is a good idea to give surfaces a wipe off with a clean rag and isopropanol alcohol to remove any processing lubricants, dust, grease or other contamination. Mechanical abrasion (e.g. using gritpaper, wire wool, red Scotchbrite etc.) will help increase mechanical keying of the industrial adhesive and improve bond strength.
Anaerobic adhesives : These are limited to specific co-axial or threaded, close fitting joints and require a reactive metal surface to trigger the cure (or use of an anaerobic activator). They are a good choice for threadlocking or sealing but not suitable for bonding Nylon structural joints.
Cyanoacrylate adhesives : These work well on Nylon parts but accelerated aging tests are recommended to check long term durability on certain blends of Polyamide. Using a polyolefin primer on the surface before bonding shows no increase in strength and is therefore not recommended.
Epoxy adhesives : Choosing a softer, more flexible epoxy would be recommended for bonding Nylon, as Nylon is a fairly soft material.
Two-part polyurethane adhesives : These work very well when bonding Nylon, especially as they are fairly flexible and have high peel strength.
Structural acrylic adhesives (including methyl methacrylates): These industrial adhesives work well on most Polyamide blends, combining both rapid bond strength development with high structural strength.
UV-cure adhesives : Generally not recommended for bonding Nylon, as Nylon blocks UV light and would prevent proper curing. If curing through a clear substrate onto Nylon then it could be considered.
For more information on bonding Nylon (Polyamide) or other industrial adhesive questions, please contact the Permabond technical team here .
© 2022 Permabond.com | All Rights Reserved

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