Nurses Health Study
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The Nurses' Health Studies are among the largest prospective investigations into the risk factors for major chronic diseases in women.
Starting with the original Nurses’ Health Study in 1976, the studies are now in their third generation with Nurses’ Health Study 3 (which is still enrolling male and female nurses) and count more than 275,000 participants. Learn about the history of the Studies.
Due to their unique strengths, including regular follow-up of study participants since 1976 and repeated assessment of health and lifestyle factors, the studies have played an instrumental role in shaping public health recommendations. Also, the studies' investigators are leaders in developing and evaluating questionnaire-based methods to assess a variety of factors, such as diet, physical activity, and adiposity. Learn about the Nurses’ Health Studies’ contributions to scientific knowledge , or for researchers, how to collaborate with us .
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If you follow nutrition news in the media, chances are good that you have come across findings from a cohort called the Nurses’ Health Study . The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) began in 1976, spearheaded by researchers from the Channing Laboratory at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, with funding from the National Institutes of Health. It gathered registered nurses ages 30-55 years from across the U.S. to respond to a series of questionnaires. Nurses were specifically chosen because of their ability to complete the health-related, often very technical, questionnaires thoroughly and accurately. They showed motivation to participate in the long-term study that required ongoing questionnaires every two years. Furthermore, the group provided blood, urine, and other samples over the course of the study.
The NHS is a prospective cohort study, meaning a group of people who are followed forward in time to examine lifestyle habits or other characteristics to see if they develop a disease, death or some other indicated outcome. In comparison, a retrospective cohort study would specify a disease or outcome and look back in time at the group to see if there were common factors leading to the disease or outcome. A benefit of prospective studies over retrospective studies is greater accuracy in reporting details, such as food intake, that is not distorted by the diagnosis of illness.
To date, there are three NHS cohorts: NHS original cohort, NHS II, and NHS 3. Below are some features unique to each cohort.
From these three cohorts, extensive research has been published regarding the association of diet, smoking, physical activity levels, overweight and obesity, oral contraceptive use, hormone therapy, endogenous hormones, dietary factors, sleep, genetics and other behaviors and characteristics with various diseases. (1) In 2016, in celebration of the 40 th Anniversary of NHS, the American Journal of Public Health’s September issue was dedicated to featuring the many contributions of the Nurses’ Health Studies to public health.
In 1996, recruitment began for a new cross-generational cohort called GUTS (Growing Up Today Study) —children of nurses from the NHS II. GUTS is composed of 27,802 girls and boys who were between the ages of 9 and 17 at the time of enrollment. As the entire cohort has entered adulthood, they complete annual questionnaires including information on dietary intake, weight changes, exercise level, substance and alcohol use, body image, and environmental factors. Researchers are looking at conditions more common in young adults such as asthma, skin cancer, eating disorders, and sports injuries.
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https://nurseshealthstudy.org/about-nhs
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/nurses-health-study/
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