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By: Kathleen Gaines
News and Education Editor, MSN, RN, BA, CBC
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Can a Nurse Become a Doctor? Reasons Why Nurses May Want to Become Medical Doctors (MDs) Is There a Stigma Around Nurses Becoming MDs? How to Go From Registered Nurse to Medical Doctor (MD) How Long Does it Take to Go From RN to MD? How Much Does Medical School Cost for Nurses? Not Ready to Become an MD? Other Career Advancement Options for Nurses
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Nurses and doctors are both essential parts of the healthcare field and work together closely to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. Both have vastly distinct roles and responsibilities. But a r egistered nurse (RN) can become a medical doctor (MD), as long as they go through the additional schooling, training, and exams. Read on to find out how to go from nurse to doctor and everything it takes to get there.
There are some nurses who have always dreamed of making a career change and becoming a medical doctor, but college happens, life happens and things change. Nursing sometimes is the next best option. It is only after being in the field and seeing the differences between nurses and doctors do those individuals desire this career path again.
Others want to be more helpful to their patients. Some want more responsibilities including more invasive procedures or overseeing the team. There is a milieu of reasons why someone would want to become a doctor; it is a decision that should not be made lightly. It impacts not only the nurse but also their family and friends. Medical training is long and carries a heavy financial burden.
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There has always been a stigma surrounding doctors and nurses transitioning to this profession. A decade ago very few nurses would leave bedside nursing to enter medical school but now nurses, doctors, and medical schools are more accepting.
While there is still a slight stigma, it is important for nurses in medical school to remember their training, bedside manner, and compassion towards the patients, but also remember that MDs look at patients with a separate set of objectives and these objectives are what saves lives.
First and foremost, you must already have an undergraduate bachelor’s degree. If the degree is a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) then most of the coursework will be sufficient as prerequisites for medical school.
If you have a degree in another non-science field, it is important to take notice of all prerequisite coursework.
If you don't have a bachelor’s degree - this would be the first step in becoming an MD.
The next step is taking the Medical College Admission Test or MCAT. This exam must be taken within three years of applying to medical school. The MCAT is a standardized computer-based exam that assesses problem-solving, critical thinking, written analysis, and knowledge of scientific concepts and principles.
Unfortunately, prior healthcare experience as a nurse does not give those individuals an advantage over others. In fact, it’s possible that the longer nurses have been practicing will actually have a disadvantage on the exam.
Most students take the MCAT in their last semester of undergrad and prepare extensively in classes. Some major universities even offer students review courses. Nurses would be required to find their own study programs.
The MCAT exam is like the NCLEX that focuses less on real-world application and more on textbook learning. This could be a disadvantage to some nurses.
After sitting for the MCAT, scores are reported to the medical schools that were applied to. Some schools prefer nurses because of their prior experience in the healthcare field while others see it as a hindrance. Medical schools look at undergraduate grades, coursework, the university the individual graduated from and the MCAT scores. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) some medical schools do not look at applicants with MCAT scores under a certain score.
Medical school is two years in the classroom setting and two years in the clinical setting. Regardless of prior healthcare experience and training becoming a medical doctor still take four years. Being a nurse does not cut this time down.
After medical school, new physicians attend a residency program that is between two and four years. If an individual wishes to specialize in a specific field, a fellowship is required.
Fellowships can be up to five years in length. The more specialized the field, the longer the post-graduate training.
Once all is said and done it could be almost ten years (i.e. cardiothoracic surgeons and neurosurgeons) before becoming a full-fledged attending physician.
According to Educationdata.org , the average cost of medical school is $54,698 per year. This figure was higher for private universities, at $59,555 per year.
In 2020, U.S. News & World Report released a list of the ten most affordable public medical schools. 6 of the 10 are in Texas. As seen in the table below, these low-cost medical schools are also ranked as some of the lowest, or not ranked at all in medical and osteopathic schools. While this may not seem important - graduating from a well-known and well-respected medical school can make a stark difference in residency placement and future job opportunities.
For nurses, there is a plethora of advanced medical degrees that do not require a four-year medical degree and a lengthy postgraduate residency and fellowship. The most common are Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) and Nurse Practitioner (NP) .
CRNA programs are typically three years and require a doctorate, while NP programs can be completed in two years if done full time. Furthermore, registered nurses are still able to work while attending these programs, whereas they cannot work while in medical school. Additionally, because NP and CRNA programs are seen as career advancements by hospitals, tuition reimbursement may be an option. Medical school would not qualify.
Becoming a MD does have its advantages and it is understandable why some nurses want to further their career in this way. The best advice for anyone considering this path is to have a frank, open conversation with others in the medical field and determine if the length of school, associated financial responsibilities, and change in lifestyle will ultimately be worth it.
Looking to advance your leadership and management skills? Check out some of these masters degrees that can get you there:
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In-state tuition & fees (2019-2020)
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
University of North Texas Health Science Center
University of Texas Health Science Center—San Antonio
By Chron Contributor Updated July 28, 2021
The assistant surgeon is one of several medical professionals often present during an operation, though in some cases they are deemed medically unnecessary. Also known as the first assistant to the surgeon, this individual is generally a physician with the credentials to actively participate in the surgical procedures being performed, according to the American Medical Association, or AMA . The position of the American College of Surgeons, or ACS , is that the primary surgeon has sole discretion to make the decision of whether an assistant surgeon should be present and assisting in the operating room.
The roles an assistant surgeon plays during a surgical procedure rely on a number of factors. A key one is the professional training of the assistant surgeon. The American College of Surgeons states that in ideal circumstances the assistant surgeon should always be either a practicing surgeon or a surgical resident. However, they are not always available, and assistant surgeons from other backgrounds fill the position, especially for the less complicated procedures. These professionals may be nonsurgical physicians, allied health professionals, nurse practitioners or nurses who attended surgical assistant colleges such as the University of Rochester .
Assistant surgeons provide a number of services before the operation begins. This work includes re-checking a patient's records and medical chart to be sure all necessary precautions are made and conferring with the anesthesiologist and other members of the surgical team.
Assistant surgeons confirm the appropriate equipment and instruments are available in the room, arranged to fit the preferences of the primary surgeon, according to the Association of Surgical Assistants, or ASA . Another key duty of an assistant surgeon is creating conditions for the most advantageous positioning of the patient, based on the primary surgeon's wishes. They may also assume the duties of the sterile scrub assistant and establish the sterile field to protect against possible contamination during the procedures.
An assistant surgeon participates in surgery in a variety of ways, depending on the procedure, the training of the assistant surgeon and the preferences of the primary surgeon. Surgical residents often act as assistant surgeons to gain hands-on skills under the watchful eye of a highly trained and experienced surgeon. Assisting in surgery helps residents deepen their understanding of routine and complex procesures.
Some roles during surgery include ensuring the primary surgeon's view remains unobstructed, employing sutures to hold body tissue together, packing surgical openings with sponges to soak up blood and securing retractors to hold back tissue. Assistant surgeons sometimes help the primary surgeon achieve hemostasis, which is to stop bleeding so the surgery can proceed, according to the American College of Surgeons.
Primary surgeons sometimes tap assistant surgeons to help in the closure of the surgical cut following the completion of the procedure. Assistant surgeons also may be delegated the task of dressing the wound. Following the surgery, assistant surgeons may examine and assess the patient to be sure no problems arose through the surgical procedure, checking the patient's condition and then aiding the patient's removal from the operating room.
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Medically reviewed by:
Chaunie Brusie
BSN, RN
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What is a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)? How is a CNA different from a Medical Assistant (MA) and an LPN? What Does a CNA Do? What Qualities Should a CNA Possess? What is the Salary for CNAs? How Do I Become A CNA? Top CNA Programs How do CNAs Transition to Other Nursing Positions? Where Can I Learn More About Being a CNA? CNA Jobs What is the Career Outlook for a CNA? CNA FAQs Related Healthcare Careers
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A certified nursing assistant, or CNA, helps patients with activities of daily living and other healthcare needs under the direct supervision of a Registered Nurse (RN) or Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN). CNAs are also commonly referred to as a Nursing Assistant, Patient Care Assistant (PCA), or a Nurse’s Aid.
Some individuals will use their knowledge as a CNA to bridge the gap to further their career and become an LPN or RN. Interestingly, a large number of CNAs are already in a nursing school program and use this career as a chance to learn more about the healthcare world and gain additional real-world application and knowledge. Others become a CNA in order to determine if they want to continue to the next step in their healthcare journey. Read on to learn how to earn your CNA certification and everything you need to know about the career.
CNAs: earn your RN degree in up to 1/2 the time and cost of traditional programs with Achieve Test Prep's "Nursing Test-Out Program". All applicants must be a CNA to apply.
While certified nursing assistants and medical assistants (MAs) do have some similarities, such as working with patients and providing patient care, it is important not to confuse the two healthcare careers.
Both careers assist doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers with treatments, procedures, and tests. Medical assistants focus primarily on patient assessment, evaluation, and assisting doctors with patient care and treatment, whereas nursing assistants are generally more involved in direct patient care. Nursing assistants have specific job-related duties they are able to perform that are dictated by the state of employment.
LPNs , otherwise known as a Licensed Practical Nurse, require a license and passing a state-mandated exam. CNAs on the other hand, only need to obtain a certification in order to practice. LPNs often take classes similar to RNs in order to obtain additional information about health care and the human body. Additionally, there are certain tasks and procedures that LPNs are able to perform that CNAs can not, such as inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter.
CNAs can help a unit run smoothly, especially for those nurses that have multiple medically complex patients. Responsibilities of a CNA include, but are not limited to:
Direct responsibilities will vary based on the location of employment and ultimately the nurses level of need. CNA duties are determined by individual states and it is up to the individual to ensure they are following state guidelines and not performing duties outside the scope of practice.
CNAs can work in an inpatient hospital setting but are more commonly found in long-term residential facilities, rehabilitation centers, and adult daycare centers. They are rarely employed in outpatient office/clinic settings. These facilities all require nursing assistants to act as a liaison between the nurse and the patient.
Per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , from 2020 to 2030, this occupation is expected to grow at a rate of 8%, which is much faster than than the average growth rate for all jobs.
Nursing assistants first and foremost must enjoy interacting with people on a daily basis in order to find enjoyment and fulfillment in this career. Other attributes should include:
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for certified nursing assistants in 2021 was $30,290 per year , or $14.56 per hour .
It is important to note that this does vary depending on the setting and area. CNAs working in a government setting such as a VA hospital earned the highest median pay at $37,310, while home health care services have the lowest median pay at $29,280.
Nursing assistants can work on a variety of schedules which vary greatly based on the needs of the employer. Some work a variety of shifts throughout the course of the week while others have a set schedule and earn an annual salary. Those paid on an hourly scale are able to earn overtime pay whereas salary employees would need to discuss that with the hiring committee. An individual’s earning potential is determined by the needs of the hospital and the offer contract.
Currently, the following states have the highest pay scale for certified nursing assistants according to the BLS.
Metropolitan areas tend to pay higher for nursing assistants. Some of the highest paying cities include:
Nonmetropolitan and/or rural areas with the highest employment of certified nursing assistants are:
Certified nursing assistants must complete a state-approved training program. CNA programs are generally found at local community colleges, high school, vocational or technical schools, or local hospitals.
Programs do vary so it is important that interested students research programs thoroughly to find one that best suits their needs.
Most programs have similar requirements that must be completed prior to application and acceptance. The American Red Cross runs a popular CNA training program throughout the country which runs for 4-8 weeks depending on class size and location. Prerequisites include:
CNAs: earn your RN degree in up to 1/2 the time and cost of traditional programs with Achieve Test Prep
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