Nurse Ass
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Nurse Ass
RegisteredNursing.org Staff Writers | Updated/Verified: Oct 11, 2022
Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) are healthcare professionals who provide intimate, hands-on healthcare to patients in medical settings under the supervision of a Registered Nurse ( RN ), or Licensed Practical Nurse ( LPN ). CNAs assist patients with bathing, dressing and any other basic activities involved in daily life.
Dissimilar from other professionals in the nursing field, certified nursing assistants (CNAs) are not required to hold a college degree. However, training is required, resulting in a postsecondary non-degree certificate or diploma. CNA credentials are issued by state , so prospective nursing assistants just need to enroll in a state-sanctioned training program and then pass a state certification exam.
When becoming a CNA, individuals are required to have obtained a high school diploma or GED, plus nursing assistant training. You can find these programs at community colleges, trade schools, and medical facilities. Before enrolling, prospective CNAs should be sure the program they're looking into is approved by their state’s nursing board and by the National League for Nursing Accredited Commission ( NLNAC ).
Upon successful completion of CNA training, individuals will subsequently be required to pass a CNA certification examination. This exam consists of two parts – a written part and a practical part. The written exam will be taken in a group setting and typically consists of a number of multiple choice-style questions. Test takers have 90 minutes to answer. The second portion, the clinical skills exam, is administered one at a time with a single test proctor/observer. Individuals will be tested on four randomly selected clinical skills to demonstrate their competency. They will have 30 minutes to complete this section of the exam.
Each state may have different requirements for becoming a CNA. Click to find out about each state's specific requirements.
The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education ( CCNE ) evaluates and monitors nursing education programs at all levels. Although the federal government does not involve itself at the accreditation level per se, the U.S. Department of Education does provide oversight of the accreditation process, and it also maintains a database of accredited schools; read more about CNA training .
There are a wide variety of environments in which CNAs can find themselves working. However, data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that a significant portion of nursing assistants are working in places like hospitals, nursing care facilities and/or assisted living facilities for geriatric patients. Other settings they can be employed in include private doctors’ offices, urgent care centers, and community clinics. Additionally, CNAs can also work as home health aides or in hospice, helping care for patients in the comfort of their own homes.
Certified nursing assistants work under the supervision of licensed nursing professionals. They care for patients who are infirm, ill, injured, disabled, and otherwise unable to care for themselves. In many settings, CNAs are the health professionals whom patients encounter most often. A CNA performs a variety of basic duties that are important for the patient's comfort and recovery. These tasks vary depending on the employment setting.
The roles and duties of CNAs can include the following:
Rules and standards for renewing expired CNA certifications will vary from state to state. In California, for example, if your certification is more than two years expired, or it is more than two years since you have worked as a Certified Nurse Assistant, you are required to have 24 hours of continuing education as well as sit for a Competency Evaluation. Check with your state’s governing board for the requirements on renewals.
Many nursing students find value in working as a Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA) during nursing school to add to their basic care and time-management skills. Most employers will allow nursing students to bypass the requirement of being certified, but check the job announcements for these allowances. Many states will allow those with nursing education and background to sit for the examination without taking an official CNA course. Check with your local state certifying board for details.
Enrollment in an accredited BSN program and completion of foundational nursing skills coursework may qualify the student for certification as a CNA. Depending on the state-specific Board of Nursing regulations, BSN students may apply for CNA certification and listing on the state Nurse Aide Registry. Some states require that students sit for a CNA registry exam regardless of enrollment in an accredited nursing program, while other states accept completion of nursing courses as verification of skills testing.
As the baby boomer population ages, there will be an increased demand for preventive medical care. The growth rate over the next decade for a certified nursing assistant shows an estimate of 9% according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , and 2018 showed a surge of over one million jobs in this field.
According to the BLS, the median average annual salary for certified nursing assistants in 2018 was $28,530. It is important to note that this does vary depending on the setting. See our insights into a CNA salary .
For increased salary and employment growth options consider a CNA to RN program .
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Home » Notes » Fundamentals of Nursing » Complete Head-to-Toe Physical Assessment Cheat Sheet
Matt Vera is a registered nurse with a bachelor of science in nursing since 2009 and is currently working as a full-time writer and editor for Nurseslabs. During his time as a student, he knows how frustrating it is to cram on difficult nursing topics. Finding help online is nearly impossible. His situation drove his passion for helping student nurses by creating content and lectures that are easy to digest. Knowing how valuable nurses are in delivering quality healthcare but limited in number, he wants to educate and inspire nursing students. As a nurse educator since 2010, his goal in Nurseslabs is to simplify the learning process, break down complicated topics, help motivate learners, and look for unique ways of assisting students in mastering core nursing concepts effectively.
© 2022 Nurseslabs | Ut in Omnibus Glorificetur Deus!
Nursing assessment is an important step of the whole nursing process. Assessment can be called the “base or foundation” of the nursing process . With a weak or incorrect assessment, nurses can create an incorrect nursing diagnosis and plans therefore creating wrong interventions and evaluation. To prevent those kind of scenarios, we have created a cheat sheet that you can print and use to guide you throughout the first step of the nursing process.
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Thank you. I appreciate your hard work by putting everything together and sharing
hi, please help me if you have OSCE review notes. Thanks
this is a very reliable source of information for nursing students, I always recommend it to my mates, I really love it. Please make more notes on drug study so we don’t have to look elsewhere
It is a big helpful source of info which today im using it for our activity regarding to physical assestment. I really appreciate it. Thank you. From 1st yr nursing student.
Your post are very helpful. Thank you
Good site to refer for your care plans and physical assessments. Thank You
thank you so much all your post are very helpful ,it makes our studying much easier
great topics , it makes my studying much easier
Thank you for what you do. It helps when I am trying to understand something the instructors are lecturing about, but don’t have time to answer all the questions we have.
Great detailed cheat sheet. Thanks!
You are awesome! Thanks and God bless!
DEAR MATT VERA,
Excellent work you are doing for the nurses world. Your contents are very good. I am Dr.M.Sumathi, PhD Nurse from India. I am a nurse educator. I am proud of you dear. keep doing this for the young budding nurses.
You are definitely doing God’s work. Thank you.
I really appreciate your help. It has really simplified the physical assessment techniques.
Exactly what have looking for! Much blessings
Excelente trabajo complementa y facilita la enseñanza gracias
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When skin is pinched it goes to previous state immediately (2 seconds).
With fair complexion.
With dry skin
Evenly distributed hair.
With short, black and shiny hair.
With presence of pediculosis Capitis.
Smooth and has intact epidermis
With short and clean fingernails and toenails.
Convex and with good capillary refill time of 2 seconds.
Rounded, normocephalic and symmetrical, smooth and has uniform consistency.Absence of nodules or masses.
Symmetrical facial movement, palpebral fissures equal in size, symmetric nasolabial folds.
Hair evenly distributed with skin intact.
Eyebrows are symmetrically aligned and have equal movement.
Equally distributed and curled slightly outward.
Skin intact with no discharges and no discoloration.
Lids close symmetrically and blinks involuntary.
Transparent with capillaries slightly visible
Lacrimal gland, Lacrimal sac, Nasolacrimal duct
No edema or tenderness over the lacrimal gland and no tearing.
Transparent, smooth and shiny upon inspection by the use of a penlight which is held in an oblique angle of the eye and moving the light slowly across the eye.
Has [brown] eyes.
Blinks when the cornea is touched through a cotton wisp from the back of the client.
Black, equal in size with consensual and direct reaction, pupils equally rounded and reactive to light and accommodation, pupils constrict when looking at near objects, dilates at far objects, converge when object is moved toward the nose at four inches distance and by using penlight.
When looking straight ahead, the client can see objects at the periphery which is done by having the client sit directly facing the nurse at a distance of 2-3 feet.
The right eye is covered with a card and asked to look directly at the student nurse’s nose. Hold penlight in the periphery and ask the client when the moving object is spotted.
Able to identify letter/read in the newsprints at a distance of fourteen inches.
Patient was able to read the newsprint at a distance of 8 inches.
Color of the auricles is same as facial skin, symmetrical, auricle is aligned with the outer canthus of the eye, mobile, firm, non-tender, and pinna recoils after it is being folded.
Able to hear ticking on right ear at a distance of one inch and was able to hear the ticking on the left ear at the same distance
Symmetric and straight, no flaring, uniform in color, air moves freely as the clients breathes through the nares.
Mucosa is pink, no lesions and nasal septum intact and in middle with no tenderness.
Symmetrical, pale lips, brown gums and able to purse lips.
With dental caries and decayed lower molars
Central position, pink but with whitish coating which is normal, with veins prominent in the floor of the mouth.
Moves when asked to move without difficulty and without tenderness upon palpation.
Present which is elicited through the use of a tongue depressor.
Positioned at the midline without tenderness and flexes easily. No masses palpated.
Coordinated, smooth movement with no discomfort, head laterally flexes, head laterally rotates and hyperextends.
Not visible on inspection, glands ascend but not visible in female during swallowing and visible in males.
Spine vertically aligned, spinal column is straight, left and right shoulders and hips are at the same height.
With normal breath sounds without dyspnea.
Quiet, rhythmic and effortless respiration
Unblemished skin, uniform in color, symmetric contour, not distended.
Symmetrical movements cause by respirations.
With audible sounds of 23 bowel sounds/minute.
Without scars and lesions on both extremities.
With minimal scars on lower extremities
Equal in size both sides of the body, smooth coordinated movements, 100% of normal full movement against gravity and full resistance.
No deformities or swelling, joints move smoothly.
Can express oneself by speech or sign.
Oriented to a person, place, date or time.
Able to concentrate as evidence by answering the questions appropriately.
A total of 15 points indicative of complete orientation and alertness.
Has upright posture and steady gait with opposing arm swing unaided and maintaining balance.
Standing on one foot with eyes closed
Maintained stance for at least five (5) seconds.
Maintains a heel toe walking along a straight line
Able to walk several steps in toes/heels.
Fine motor test for Upper Extremities
Repeatedly and rhythmically touches the nose.
Alternating supination and pronation of hands on knees
Can alternately supinate and pronate hands at rapid pace.
Finger to nose and to the nurse’s finger
Perform with coordinating and rapidity.
Perform with accuracy and rapidity.
Rapidly touches each finger to thumb with each hand.
Fine motor test for the Lower Extremities
Able to discriminate between sharp and dull sensation when touched with needle and cotton.
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