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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Amphetamine, methamphetamine and, more recently, synthetic cathinones are all synthetic central nervous system stimulants available on the drug market in Europe. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for synthetic stimulants in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more. European Drug Report — home. The drug situation in Europe up to Drug supply, production and precursors. Synthetic stimulants. Heroin and other opioids. Other drugs. New psychoactive substances. Injecting drug use in Europe. Drug-related infectious diseases. Drug-induced deaths. Opioid agonist treatment. Harm reduction. Historically, amphetamine use has always been the most common, with the availability and use of methamphetamine and synthetic cathinones being more limited in most countries. There are, however, signals that patterns of synthetic stimulant availability and use are diversifying. Part of the context for this is that trends in synthetic drug production can be extremely dynamic, and consumers may view different stimulants as functionally similar and be amenable to trying new products based on their availability in the market. There are therefore concerns about increased threats to health and social problems that may be associated with the more widespread availability and use of these substances. At the same time, current information tools are generally not sufficiently well-developed to track trends in use or related problems associated with changing patterns of synthetic stimulant use, meaning that we can be slow to detect important changes in this area. Improving our ability to monitor and respond more rapidly to developments in the use of synthetic drugs in general therefore remains a priority. Methamphetamine and synthetic cathinones are chemically similar to amphetamine, but are not necessarily equivalent in respect to the risk they pose to public health. The more widespread use of synthetic cathinones, for example, is a relatively new development, and we currently lack a robust evidence base to understand the potential health risks of this phenomenon or what might constitute appropriate interventions. Methamphetamine is available in high-purity forms that are smokable, and there are particular health concerns associated with the use of this drug by this mode of administration. All of these substances may also be available in similar-looking powders or pills, meaning consumers may be unaware of what particular stimulant or mixture of substances they may be consuming. Reports from drug checking services in several EU Member States between and , and also to the EU Early Warning System, indicate that synthetic cathinones may also be found in MDMA products, reflecting mis-selling and adulteration. This means that forensic and toxicological analysis is particularly important for understanding both consumption trends and the scale and nature of any associated adverse health outcomes. A more general concern is that all of the stimulants discussed here are also, to some extent, associated with behaviours that can represent health risks. These risks include overdoses, acute and chronic mental health problems and infectious diseases. There are also particular concerns about the injecting of stimulants, which has been associated with a higher risk of HIV transmission. This could be explained by more frequent use, sharing of injecting material and risky sexual behaviours among people who inject stimulants. In the last decade, 7 European cities, across 6 countries, have reported localised HIV outbreaks associated with stimulant injecting, mainly among marginalised people who inject drugs involved in open drug scenes see Drug-related infectious diseases — the current situation in Europe. Syringe residue analysis conducted by the ESCAPE network between and confirms the presence of stimulants, such as amphetamine and synthetic cathinones, in many injecting drug scenes. Reports from the Euro-DEN Plus network of sentinel hospitals across Europe in highlight the continued presence of synthetic stimulants in acute drug-toxicity presentations to emergency departments. While methamphetamine is a less commonly used synthetic stimulant and is less visible in available data, signals continue to emerge that its production is increasing in Europe. Historically, the use of this drug has been most commonly observed in Czechia and Slovakia and, more recently, some neighbouring countries. Now, however, it is present in more countries, although the overall prevalence of use appears to remain low in most countries. While not representative of the general population, data from wastewater analysis indicate that 15 of the 67 European cities with data for and saw an increase in the methamphetamine residues detected. Available data on the production and trafficking of these stimulants reveal the changing dynamics of the illicit stimulant trade. There were dismantled amphetamine production laboratories reported in the European Union in in Following a decline from a peak in It has been suggested that this fall in the quantities seized may be indicative of a decline in production, possibly resulting from producers switching to other stimulants, such as methamphetamine, which can be highly profitable when trafficked to non-EU markets. Recent data show the quantity of methamphetamine seized in the European Union has remained relatively stable between and at about 1. The number of methamphetamine production sites reported as dismantled slightly declined in , likely reflecting that, while large-capacity sites are found, most are small-scale, with the number of detections fluctuating annually. The quantity of seized glycidic derivatives of BMK, the precursor used for large-scale methamphetamine production, increased in , while new alternative chemicals to make BMK were also seized see Synthetic stimulants market data , below. The increased quantities of methamphetamine precursors and related chemicals seized in Europe reflect the globally significant capacity of synthetic drug producing groups in the region, with the drug still predominantly exported to non-EU markets. Data availability issues mean that caution is needed in interpreting the information available, and more work is needed to track production trends and analyse their implications for both public health and security. Among the reasons for this is a potential increase in trafficking of methamphetamine from Afghanistan along established heroin trafficking routes towards Europe. Challenges remain in better understanding methamphetamine trafficking flows and the changes taking place in Afghanistan; and this drug has also been the target of recent measures taken by the Taliban to reduce drug production in the country. Reports indicate that synthetic cathinones are increasingly trafficked to Europe from India in large shipments. At the same time, they are also produced in Europe, notably in Poland, where 23 laboratories were reported as dismantled in , and kilograms of precursors were seized. Given the volumes of precursor chemicals seized and the interception of unregulated alternative chemicals, it appears likely that large-scale production for both the European and other markets may be taking place. In summary, as the use of illicit stimulants can lead to a range of health problems, these substances continue to represent a challenge for monitoring efforts, policymakers and service providers in Europe. More frequent injecting associated with stimulant use and the potentially much more severe health complications from injecting and smoking methamphetamine mean that any increase in consumption, especially among vulnerable groups, could represent a growing challenge for harm reduction and emergency health services. Prevalence data presented here are based on general population surveys submitted to the EMCDDA by national focal points. For the latest data and detailed methodological information please see the Statistical Bulletin Prevalence of drug use. Graphics showing the most recent data for a country are based on studies carried out between and Prevalence estimates for the general population: age ranges are and for Germany, Greece, France, Italy and Hungary; and for Denmark, Estonia and Norway; for Malta; for Sweden. Mean daily amounts of amphetamine in milligrams per population. Sampling was carried out over a week between March and May For the complete data set and analysis, see Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study. Mean daily amounts of methamphetamine in milligrams per population. Sampling was carried out over a week between March and April Data are for all treatment entrants with amphetamine as the primary drug — or the most recent year available. Data for first-time entrants are for or the most recent year available: Czechia, , Spain, France, Finland, Romania, ; Netherlands, Data for Sweden and Norway relate to clients citing stimulants other than cocaine as primary drug. Data for client characteristics are for all treatment entrants with methamphetamine as the primary drug — or the most recent year available. Data for first-time entrants are for or the most recent year available: Czechia , Spain, France, Finland, Romania ; Netherlands, Data on entrants into treatment are for or the most recent year available. Trends in treatment entrants are based on 22 countries. Only countries with data for at least 5 of the 6 years are included in the trends graph. Missing data were imputed with values from the previous year for Spain and France and Germany Because of disruptions to services due to COVID, data for , and should be interpreted with caution. In , EU Member States reported 31 seizures of amphetamine, amounting to 7. Price and purity: mean national values — minimum, maximum and interquartile range. Countries vary by indicator. EU Member States reported 9 seizures of methamphetamine amounting to 1. Over the past decade, the average purity of methamphetamine has risen slightly, while the price has remained relatively stable, although declining in recent years. Show source tables. The complete set of source data for the European Drug Report including metadata and methodological notes is available in our data catalogue. A subset of this data, used to generate infographics, charts and similar elements on this page, may be found below. Prevalence of drug use data tables including general population surveys and wastewater analysis all substances. Other data tables including tables specific to synthetic stimulants. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. This make take up to a minute. Once the PDF is ready it will appear in this tab. Sorry, the download of the PDF failed. Table of contents Search within the book. Search within the book Operator Any match. Exact term match only. Hidden tables for page Term Colour increase f stable fbaa19 decrease b3d no previous data 7da7d9 ID Term 0 Close 1 Substance 2 Recall period 3 Age 4 Gender 5 prevalence of drug use 6 Percent 7 Breakdown by substance 8 prevalence all available countries 9 Trends 11 Males and females 14 Country 15 Prevalence data presented here are based on general population surveys submitted to the EMCDDA by national focal points. Main subject. Target audience. Publication type. European Drug Report main page. On this page.