Nouns: Plural and Possessions.

Before starting the lesson please make sure you understand Cyrillic and all letter of Tatar Cyrillic alphabet.

In the Tatar language Nouns define objects or subjects and answer questions кем? (who?) and нәрсә? (what?)

Vocabulary for lesson

All examples in this article will be shown with these words, so try to memorize them before starting the lesson.

Китап - Book
Мәктәп - School
Өй - Home
Урам - Street
Көн - Day
Кеше - Person
Апа - Older sister/aunt
Әти - Dad
Эт - Dog
Ат - Horse
Сорау - Question
Моң - Melody

Plural form - Күплек сан

Plural form in Tatar forms by adding inflections -лар/-ләр, -нар/нәр.

-нар/-нәр - when words end on nasal letter such as Н, М and Ң
Урам - Урамнар (streets)
Көн - Көннәр (days)

-лар/-ләр - in other situations
Китап - Китаплар (books)
Өй - Өйләр (homes)
Эт - Этләр (dogs)

-ләр/-нәр - used in words with front vowels - нечкә авазлар such as ә, ө, ү, и, э(е).
Кеше - Кешеләр (persons)
Көн - Көннәр (days)

-лар/-нар - used in words with back vowels - калын авазлар such as а, о, у, ы.
Урам - Урамнар (streets)
Китап - Китаплар (books) 'ends with back vowel'

Declension by possession - Тартым

In the Tatar language, unlike English, possession is formed by adding special inflections, moreover, pronoun are optional to use.

For singular - Берлек сан

• I person - I зат — минем (mine/my)

After vowels (except у, ү, и)*: -м ➔ кеше+м (my person)
After consonants and у, й in back-vocalic words: -ым ➔ ат+ым (my horse)
After consonants and ү, й, и in front-vocalic words: -ем ➔ эт+ем (my dog)
➔ әти+ем (my dad)
*it's not exceptions at all у, ү, и(й) are semi-vowels(at the end of the words) and they act like consonants. Also words which ends on -әу/-ау change to -әв/-ав
➔ сорау+ым ➔ соравым (my question), but it affects only spelling, but the pronunciation never changes soraw + ım ➔ sorawım.

• II person - II зат — синең (your "singular non formal like fr. ton or ru. твой")

After vowels (except у, ү, и)*: -ң ➔ кеше+ң (your person)
After consonants and у, й in back-vocalic words: -ың ➔ ат+ың (your horse)
After consonants and ү, й, и in front-vocalic words:-ең ➔ эт+ең (your dog)
➔ әти+ең (your dad)
*same as in the I person but with ң

• III зат — аның (his/her)

After vowels (except у, ү)*: -сы **➔ апа+сы (his/her older sister)
-се ***➔ әти+cе (his/her dad)
After consonants and у, й in back-vocalic words: -ы ➔ ат+ы (his/her horse)
After consonants and ү, й in front-vocalic words:-е ➔ эт+е (his/her dog)

*same as in the I and the II persons, but pay attention to и
** in back-vocalic words
*** in front-vocalic words

For plural - Күплек сан

• I зат — безнең (our)

After vowels (except у, ү, и)*: -без ***➔ кеше+без (our person)
-быз **➔ апа+быз (our older sister)
After consonants and у, й in back-vocalic words: -ыбыз ➔ ат+ыбыз (our horse)
After consonants and ү, й, и in front-vocalic words: -ебез ➔ эт+ебез (our dog)
➔ әти+ебез (our dad)
*same as for singular
** in back-vocalic words
*** in front-vocalic words

• II зат — сезнең (your "singular formal or plural like fr. votre or ru. ваш")

After vowels (except у, ү, и)*: -гез ***➔ кеше+гез (your person)
-гыз **➔ апа+гыз (your older sister)
After consonants and у, й in back-vocalic words: -ыгыз ➔ ат+ыгыз (your horse)
After consonants and ү, й, и in front-vocalic words: -егез ➔ эт+егез (your dog)
➔ әти+егез (your dad)
*same as for singular
** in back-vocalic words
*** in front-vocalic words

• III зат — аларның (their)

After nasal in back-vocalic words: -нары ➔ моң+нары (their melody(es))
After nasal in front-vocalicwords: -нәре ➔ көн+нәре (their day(s))
In other back-vocalic words: -лары ➔ апа+лары (their sister(s))
In other front-vocalic words: -ләре ➔ кеше+ләре (their person(s))

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