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Madagascar is affected by human trafficking, especially in the form of forced labour, and sexual exploitation of children, making it a source and destination country for these crimes. Traffickers take advantage of traditional practices such as arranged marriage and bride purchasing to exploit girls in child sex trafficking. The complicity of government officials is alleged as they are reported to in some cases provide falsified national identity cards and birth certificates to traffickers. Local recruitment agencies are also involved in human trafficking, with only a few agencies legally registered. The worsening economic situation in the country has led some parents to sell their children in order to survive financially. Mines and logging sites are particular hotspots for sexual exploitation of children. As a result of the COVID pandemic, sex traffickers have increasingly exploited women and children online. In some cases, they lure women from rural provinces to the capital Antananarivo with the promise of employment, often through false job advertisements on social media. Madagascar is a source country for human smuggling, mostly facilitated by unregistered recruitment agencies and corrupt officials who provide false identity papers to smugglers and traffickers. The size of the illicit market is difficult to estimate, and officials often do not distinguish between human trafficking and human smuggling. Those smuggled by air usually transit through the Comoros, Seychelles, Mauritius, and Kenya. Meanwhile, human smuggling by sea to the Comoros and the French department of Mayotte from the island of Nosy Be is on the rise, and involves Malagasy as well as foreign nationals from the African Great Lakes region. Extortion and protection-racketeering are not widespread, although there have been confirmed cases in Betroka in southern Madagascar. Highway banditry is prevalent throughout the country, especially on major highways at night. Kidnapping is rare, except for kidnappings within smaller wealthy Malagasy communities and the Indo-Pakistani community, and occasionally of expatriates. These kidnappings are typically business-driven and conclude with a paid ransom and the safe release of the victim. These groups have become more dangerous because of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. Local authorities are suspected of facilitating this trade, with bandits allegedly obtaining their weapons from officers of the armed forces who sell non-registered or missing arms. The use of firearms in the country is linked to kidnappings, banditry, piracy, smuggling, and other criminal activities. Despite rising cases of armed attacks in Madagascar, authorities have been unable to identify the criminal groups behind this trend. Madagascar faces a problem with counterfeit goods, with easy access to such products in local markets, and authorities showing a lack of willingness to control these activities. There is a lack of criminal prosecution of corrupt customs officials who allow the importation of these goods into the country, making customs fraud a significant weakness. Illegal cigarettes are the most commonly traded excise goods in Madagascar, and smuggling often occurs through containerized sea freight and air cargo. Malagasy authorities have taken steps to increase tax revenue, including implementing measures to raise and effectively enforce tobacco and alcohol excises, but the illicit trade of these goods remains a problem. Illegal logging and trafficking of precious woods, particularly rosewood, has persisted in Madagascar as a result of corruption and high-level political protection. The government only controls a small percentage of the estimated wood stockpile, with the remainder allegedly in the hands of timber barons and hidden from government oversight. The approach proposes to use seized rosewood to trade it locally and allows it to leave the island in shipments of less than 10 kilogram, effectively dropping the safeguard of verifying, inventorying and marking the stockpiles before use, which is essential to avoid large scale laundering. The illicit rosewood trade is already often linked to money laundering and corruption, and activists campaigning against the trade have faced harassment, threats, and violence. The rosewood and vanilla markets are intertwined because the northern Sava region is the major production area for both products, and major illicit rosewood traders have also invested heavily in the vanilla market. Lemurs, tortoises, reptiles, geckos, snakes and parrots are the most trafficked animals in Madagascar. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing IUU is also widespread in the country with seahorses and other exotic fish commonly targeted by perpetrators. Asia and the Middle East are the main destination markets for wildlife trafficked out of Madagascar. The trafficking of ploughshare tortoises has depleted populations, with only a few remaining in the wild. Illegal mining is a persistent problem in Madagascar, particularly for gold and precious gems. Illegal mining is detrimental to the environment, with the use of mercury contaminating freshwater ecosystems and leading to deforestation, eroded riverbanks, and abandoned pits. Corruption and human trafficking take place at mining sites. Precious gems are smuggled to Sri Lanka, with Thailand being another important destination. The gemstone market is particularly concerning because of its connections with child labour, and gemstone extraction is causing significant environmental damage. Illegal mining is becoming more prevalent as poverty increases in Madagascar, with forests being depleted and locals being exploited for, rather than benefiting from, the trade. Heroin trafficking in Madagascar has traditionally been limited to transit activities, but recent developments suggest that there is now a rapidly growing domestic heroin market. Reports indicate a rise in heroin consumption across various regions, along with a significant drop in heroin prices. Most of the heroin entering Madagascar is from Afghanistan and Iran, with Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique serving as transit points. Because of conflicts in mainland Africa and increasing efforts to stop the flows from Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, Madagascar is becoming more involved in heroin trafficking. Typically, large shipments of heroin arrive in Madagascar and are then divided into smaller batches for easier transportation to other Indian Ocean islands such as Mauritius and Seychelles, as well as to South Africa and Mozambique by sea. Madagascar is a transit country for the trafficking of cocaine, though to a lesser degree than for heroin. This trafficking primarily occurs on maritime routes. Even though local consumption is on the rise, it remains low since the economic situation of the country makes cocaine unaffordable for most of the population. Regarding cannabis, Madagascar is a significant source and trans-shipment point in the region, with widespread domestic cultivation and usage. Domestic cannabis production not only supplies national consumption, but substantial quantities are also sent to other Indian Ocean islands, making Madagascar one of the top locations for cannabis seizures in Africa. Cannabis-producing regions are home to armed trafficking groups, and cultivation remains a major cause of deforestation in northern forests. The cannabis trade is a source of income in poor regions and is facilitated by the local population and corrupt officials. Local teenagers assist cannabis producers in the fields, and with transportation to and from collecting sites. Madagascar remains mainly a transit point for synthetic drugs since local consumption is low. Authorities have acknowledged the existence of a limited amount of methamphetamine trafficking, but no significant statistics have been released. In contrast, synthetic cannabinoid use is rising, but its usage is still negligible, and it is more prominent on neighbouring islands like Mayotte and Mauritius. Access to internet services is limited in the country, and although there is little information available on cybercrime, recent cases have raised concerns among government leaders and users, prompting calls for improved cyber-security measures. Users have expressed a need for stronger security measures to safeguard their mobile money transfers, while leaders have grown increasingly concerned about hacking, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and website defacement. Financial crimes, such as tax evasion, public procurement fraud, tax appropriation, and customs fraud are major issues in Madagascar. Reports suggest that the country needs to take strong action against large-scale corruption cases, especially concerning public procurement. Although some efforts have been made to address these issues, corruption is believed to have increased during the COVID pandemic. Customs clearance processes in Madagascar are particularly susceptible to systemic corruption because of the involvement of a small number of players, high stakes, a lack of punishment for misconduct, threats from economic operators, and low compensation. Corruption is deeply rooted in Madagascar, with government officials involved in organized crime activities such as armed kidnappings, cattle rustling, arms trafficking, and drug trafficking. Retired army officers and local leaders have also been implicated in cattle rustling. Petty corruption is common when dealing with public services, administration, and police, and corruption levels are particularly high in the natural resources sector. Furthermore, the private sector in Madagascar colludes with public officials to evade taxes and customs, and to secure public contracts. Some politicians are accused of being timber barons and of owning companies in the supply chain, much of which is illegal. There are reports of stolen vanilla being laundered into international supply chains, and the suspension of legal gold exports by the government during the COVID lockdown has resulted in private jets being used to traffic gold, as major traffickers own or have links to private jet companies. Foreign actors continue to play a major role in the illicit activities of Madagascar, with East Asian businesspeople involved in the illegal timber trade, and Chinese nationals consuming methamphetamine and engaging in IUU fishing. West African nationals are involved in drug trafficking, and French and Italian nationals are known to be key clients in the child commercial sex industry. Domestic criminal networks also engage in various illegal activities such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, and the illegal trade of gold, tortoises, and timber. Drug trafficking networks, dominated by key figures who control the market for years, coordinate the transit of illicit drugs through Madagascar and collaborate with local distribution networks. In Madagascar, mafia groups consist of armed bandits known as dahalo, who are primarily involved in cattle raiding as well as familial mafia-style groups that are mostly prevalent in rural areas. These groups do not form a cohesive organization, but rather are fragmented with clear leaders, and are increasingly clashing with law enforcement. In urban areas, gang activities are limited to kidnappings and armed attacks in specific areas. The Malagasy government is largely ineffective in combating organized crime because of insufficient resources and disbandment of important initiatives. However, the government has received praise for its efforts to counter fauna and flora crimes, including the establishment of a counter-corruption unit and partnerships with NGOs. Despite these efforts, the country has been criticized for its lack of progress in prosecuting high-level members of rosewood trafficking networks and for its handling of the dahalo. Overall, there has been a slight deterioration in governance in recent years. Madagascar continues to struggle with widespread corruption within its state apparatus on different levels. Corruption safeguards are inadequate, and the anti-corruption agency rarely investigates high-profile people. There have been reports of lawmakers accepting bribes, but no cases have been opened against them. Additionally, the government lacks transparency, and officials are not complying with regulations such as asset declarations. The executive has intervened in the judiciary in cases such as blocking the release of audit reports on COVID pandemic funds. This lack of transparency and separation of powers has eroded trust in the government, resulting in an increase in mob justice. Madagascar has ratified international treaties related to transnational organized crime and has extradition and mutual legal-assistance agreements with other countries. However, anti-organized crime efforts are mostly supported by international organizations and foreign governments because of a lack of capacity and funds. Although the Malagasy government makes efforts to integrate into the international scene, its commitment to addressing issues such as corruption and wildlife trafficking is insufficient. The implementation of national policies and laws to combat crime is weak. Although laws have been approved for cyber-security and cybercrime, they lack implementation decrees, and there is no national strategy to combat organized crime. Public figures have been accused of interfering in the justice system and even of harassing and threatening judges, magistrates, and lawyers. Conviction rates for human trafficking, drug trafficking, and other organized crimes are very low, and the general culture of impunity fosters criminal activities across the country. Despite the government allocating more funds to the judiciary in recent years, it still lacks adequate financing and training. The prison system in Madagascar is inadequate and suffers from high levels of overcrowding. Law enforcement in Madagascar remains a challenge, particularly due to widespread corruption and limited resources. Criminal networks take advantage of these factors to smuggle illicit goods in and out of the country. Although a task force on precious Malagasy hardwood was established, it has limited powers and some members of the task force have been implicated in cases of bribery. A lack of collaboration and trust among law enforcement bodies is a major obstacle, and leaks of planned raids and operations hinder law enforcement efficacy. Recently, the dahalo have become more aggressive and powerful, and law enforcement agencies have responded to their attacks with excessive use of force. Despite that, the country has demonstrated general commitment and determination in the field of law enforcement. Trafficking of protected forest products through smaller ports is common because of corrupt police, military, and customs officers accepting bribes. Rural areas, where banditry and armed cattle rustling are prevalent, are difficult for government forces to access, resulting in minimal state oversight. Despite these challenges, the country has made efforts to combat organized crime along its borders and maritime control capacities have been slightly improved. Madagascar is taking steps to update its legal framework to reduce the occurrence of money laundering. However, it remains classified as a high-risk country for this type of crime because of several challenges that the government faces. Authorities have identified the textile industry, the import of construction materials, the export of annuity products, and the trade sector as the areas most affected by organized crime. Although the number of detected money laundering cases in Madagascar has increased significantly, police officials reportedly lack the expertise and training to investigate cases effectively, and the judiciary lacks the resources and political will to prosecute money laundering offences. The socio-economic impact of the COVID pandemic has exacerbated the situation, with many people turning to criminal activities to make a living. Furthermore, a lack of investment in infrastructure and legal frameworks has made it challenging to attract private sector investment. Recent cyclones have affected vanilla crops to a limited extent, which could lead to a reduction in the harvest and an increase in the theft of vanilla. Nevertheless, the government has taken steps to encourage the establishment and expansion of businesses through compelling tax incentives and foreign investment opportunities. The government has established victim support centres to provide assistance to victims of child sexual exploitation and gender-based violence and has repatriated foreign trafficking victims. However, the government has not prosecuted or convicted any traffickers. The lack of standard operating procedures to identify victims locally and abroad, as well as the lack of coordination among the actors responsible, leaves many victims unidentified. Furthermore, the government has not implemented the provision that entitled victims to restitution, and courts in Toliara have denied compensation to child sex trafficking victims because they lack birth certificates and national identity cards. Efforts to prevent organized crime in Madagascar are mainly focused on awareness campaigns and cooperation with international organizations and governments. Despite these efforts, implementation remains a significant challenge, and few inspections or controls are in place. The government has banned domestic-worker travel to Gulf countries to combat human trafficking, but funding for anti-trafficking programmes was not disbursed in recent years, leading to the cancellation of many planned activities. Activists and whistle-blowers who report illegal activity and corruption face intimidation, harassment, and violence, and are often charged with rebellion and insult to public agents. Communication between government officials, and the media as well as NGOs, is hindered by conflicts of interest. Although there are no official reports indicating government monitoring of online activity, a cybercrime law prohibits online defamation and has been used to prosecute social media users. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. Capital Antananarivo. Population 28,, Geography type Island. Income group Low income. GINI Index Criminal markets 5. Human trafficking 6. Human smuggling 3. Extortion and protection racketeering 5. Arms trafficking 6. Trade in counterfeit goods 4. Illicit trade in excisable goods 4. Flora crimes 8. Fauna crimes 7. Non-renewable resource crimes 8. Heroin trade 7. Cocaine trade 3. Cannabis trade 6. Synthetic drug trade 2. Cyber-dependent crimes 2. Financial crimes 6. Criminal actors 5. Mafia-style groups 4. Criminal networks 5. State-embedded actors 8. Foreign actors 6. Private sector actors 5. Government transparency and accountability 2. International cooperation 3. National policies and laws 3. Judicial system and detention 2. Law enforcement 4. Territorial integrity 5. Anti-money laundering 4. Economic regulatory capacity 2. Victim and witness support 2. Prevention 4. Non-state actors 2. Analysis Download full profile english. People Madagascar is affected by human trafficking, especially in the form of forced labour, and sexual exploitation of children, making it a source and destination country for these crimes. Environment Illegal logging and trafficking of precious woods, particularly rosewood, has persisted in Madagascar as a result of corruption and high-level political protection. Drugs Heroin trafficking in Madagascar has traditionally been limited to transit activities, but recent developments suggest that there is now a rapidly growing domestic heroin market. Cyber Crimes Access to internet services is limited in the country, and although there is little information available on cybercrime, recent cases have raised concerns among government leaders and users, prompting calls for improved cyber-security measures. Financial Crimes Financial crimes, such as tax evasion, public procurement fraud, tax appropriation, and customs fraud are major issues in Madagascar. Criminal Actors Corruption is deeply rooted in Madagascar, with government officials involved in organized crime activities such as armed kidnappings, cattle rustling, arms trafficking, and drug trafficking. Leadership and governance The Malagasy government is largely ineffective in combating organized crime because of insufficient resources and disbandment of important initiatives. Economic and financial environment Madagascar is taking steps to update its legal framework to reduce the occurrence of money laundering. Next Skip.
Big news for Coke fans, Coca-Cola signs its big comeback in Madagascar. Indeed, it is available on cans of ml and plastic bottles of
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Diana and Mahajanga real estate agencies. Madagascar Drinks. The Three Horses Beer more known under its small name of THB, it is the Malagasy beer since the Sixties, recognizable with its yellow label decorated of three heads of horses. In , a brewer develops 17 beer receipts and goes around the 22 provinces of the large island to discover which the Malagasy people will like more. One year later, the THB, a lager and light, was born. Brewed in Madagascar, it is known and recognized in the island and beyond for his single flavour. She is present also in Singapore, in Vietnam, in Indonesia. Count in general between Ar and Ar the big model according to the place where you are. There exist also two other beers, Gold and Queen, a little more expensive and according to some less fatty and tastier, but it is a matter of taste. The brand has a very strong dimension of love within the population. When you order a beer in any restaurant, coffee or cheap restaurant, a THB is served to you! We can really say that it is one of the florets of the Malagasy culture, which radiates in all the Indian Ocean. The primary reasons of this passion, according to its promoters, hold in its trade secrets: the very pure and low-mineral water of the area of Antsirabe, at m of altitude. The THB is produced by the Madagascar Star Breweries, which hold the only national brewery one of the largest of Africa in Antsirabe, in the center of the country, and have another in north. The Malagasy people are not beer big consumers, average consumption is of 4 liters a year and by individual. A somewhat ridiculous quantity, therefore, in comparison with the 40 liters of Mauritius or the 95 liters our Belgian friends. The Malagasy market of beer is evaluated hectolitres a year and the Madagascar Star breweries produce of them including in the brewery of Antsirabe … This brewery has the monopoly of beer in Madagascar and the other brands are marginal: the THB is almost the only on the crenel of the bottles of 75 Cl and there is a little more competition on the market of 33 Cl bottles. We can thus find beers of importation for the unconditional ones, but it will be necessary to be ready to put the price at it! The traditional drink is water. Be careful! It is not drinkable everywhere, and even in the places where it will be certified to you that there is no problem, better worth to take precautions. For a tourist it is systematically to better regard water as nondrinkable. During the trekking, we advise you to use one disinfecting hydrochlonazone or micropur. In the hotels, practically everywhere the tap water is chlorinated. It is preferable to buy bottled mineral water. We also find the brands: La Source, Olympiko, and Sainto. Malagasy people thus frequently drink water in the form of ranonampango. This refreshing drink is obtained while making boil water with a rice rest in the pot where rice was already cooked; the grains more or less burned which remained stuck at the back then give to water a little bitter taste and a brown light color. The tepid mixture is drunk. To fight dehydration, very good wayof drinking a water become salubrious, it also seems that it is very good against the diarrhoea. We also find natural juices according to the season with papaw, the mango, the tamarin, pineapple, apricot, grenadelle, guava, corosol, strawberry, banana, orange… We also find fruit juices in tetra of it pack orange, pineapple, fruit of passion, apple marketed by « TIKO » group TIKO factories always closed since the crisis of February Rum is national alcohol. The term of Toaka toaka gasy indicates all the rums, industrial or artisanal. You will be so able to taste, in other:. A mixture of rum with spices, sheets, peels, delicacies or fruits which macerate. The taste and the flavour of arranged rum are obtained by a long maceration of the ingredients. There exist classical recipes, but each Malagasy prepares his rum according to his culture, his area, his practices, the season or his mood. Some add cane sugar syrup to soften it and make also mixtures with many wild fruits sakoa, nato, seva … The Dzama brand also proposes different rums… and some are proposed for drink in specific bars, especially in the capital. The Betsa betsa is a drink produced on on the east coast, we mix juice of cane aromatized with a decoction of certain peels belahy, katrafay, havozo or with wild fruits angivy. Little fermented, it does not exceed 4 or 5 degrees but distilled it is a rum much more alcoholic: the names of the various brands do not lie Turbo 2, Boum Boum, cazanove. Sold in most small grocers of bush. The alcohol of sugar cane was consumed a long time in this manner, before the techniques of distillation are imported in the islands. Madagascar is a wine producer country. Some vineyards were planted, the Jesuits introduced the viticulture in order to satisfy their liturgical needs, to produce behind the communion wine. A tradition perpetuated by the Trappists monks of Maromby, but the real practice of the wine activity only dates. From to , the surface of the vines of Madagascar passed from ha to more than ha. The viticulture enthousiasts will not resist a course on hillside of Fianarantsoa, of Antsirabe or Ambalavao, in the Betsileo country. The principal raw ones:. Today the vast domain of the company located at the village of Sahambavy close to Fianarantsoa counts nearly hectares of plantations whose 94 hectares are managed by the peasants themselves. Home » Madagascar Info » Madagascar Drinks. The Water The traditional drink is water. Tonic A very sparkling water. Fruit juices We also find natural juices according to the season with papaw, the mango, the tamarin, pineapple, apricot, grenadelle, guava, corosol, strawberry, banana, orange… We also find fruit juices in tetra of it pack orange, pineapple, fruit of passion, apple marketed by « TIKO » group TIKO factories always closed since the crisis of February The rums Rum is national alcohol. You will be so able to taste, in other: Dzama rum: local brown rum, to be consumed in arranged rums, certain bottles have an alcoholic strength of 52 degrees! Cazeneuve rum: a white rum which is appreciated in punch with two ice floes. Mangoustan rum: fine nose, banana and vanilla flavours. The arranged rums. Madagascar Drinks A mixture of rum with spices, sheets, peels, delicacies or fruits which macerate. Betsa betsa Madagascar Drinks The Betsa betsa is a drink produced on on the east coast, we mix juice of cane aromatized with a decoction of certain peels belahy, katrafay, havozo or with wild fruits angivy. Wines Madagascar Drinks Madagascar is a wine producer country. A tradition perpetuated by the Trappists monks of Maromby, but the real practice of the wine activity only dates years. The principal raw ones: Clos Malaza, the inevitable. Dom Remy, white, gray, rosy and red Wines. Grand Cru of Antsirabe: Shepherd. Field of Manamisoa: white, rosy and red wines. A very fruity muscadet wine. The sold coffee is in the form of drink, the Malagasy people sometimes buys it in the rough which they will themselves torrefy. The yearly average consumption is of 2. The coffee constitutes especially one of the main resources of Madagascar, it occupies the third place of the agricultural products exported as starter of currencies after vanilla and the crustaceans. The tea whose the famous tea with vanilla of Madagascar!
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The Star Breweries,which employ 1, people, are also the bottlers of Coca Cola and produce a lemonade in aregressive delicious way: little sweetened lemonade.
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