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Using No-nose (Noseless) Bicycle Saddles to Prevent Genital Numbness and Sexual Dysfunction Posted on April 22, 2009 by Steven M. Schrader, PhD, Brian D. Lowe, PhD, Michael J. Breitenstein, BS
Steve Schrader, Brian Lowe, and Michael Breitenstein says:
Steve Schrader, Brian Lowe, and Michael Breitenstein says:
Steve Schrader, Brian Lowe, and Michael Breitenstein says:
Steve Schrader, Brian Lowe, and Michael Breitenstein says:
Sexual & Reproductive Health Thousand Oaks says:
Steven Schrader, Brian Lowe and Michael Breitenstein says:
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Over 40,000 workers in public safety occupations ride bicycles as part of their job. They include police officers, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and security staff who patrol by bicycle. Anecdotal reports from bicyclists had indicated that genital numbness, erectile dysfunction, and impotence are a concern.
The traditional bicycle saddle has a narrow nose or horn that protrudes under the groin as the cyclist straddles the bicycle. Ideally, the weight of the cyclist supported on the saddle should be under the pelvic sit bones. However, 25% or more of the body weight is supported where the groin contacts the saddle nose. This percentage greatly increases as the cyclist leans forward in more aerodynamic positions. Bearing weight on this region of the saddle compresses the nerves and arteries in the groin. These nerves and arteries run through the groin between the sit bones to the genitals. Research has shown that pressure on these nerves and arteries over time may lead to a loss of sensation and a decrease in blood supply to the genitals. This can contribute to the sexual and reproductive health effects that have been reported with bicycling.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recently released a Workplace Solutions document titled No-nose Saddles for Preventing Genital Numbness and Sexual Dysfunction in Occupational Bicycling , which summarizes NIOSH research and recommendations. NIOSH researchers began investigating this issue as an occupational health concern in 2000 when complaints of groin numbness were received from officers in a Long Beach, California police bicycle patrol unit. 1 In addition, NIOSH found that those bicycle police officers who exhibited more contact pressure on the saddle nose and who spent more time on their bicycle saddle had erections for a lower percentage of their sleeping time. Erections during sleep are a measure of genital health. 2
In 2004, NIOSH conducted a study to examine the effect of bicycle saddle design on groin pressure. The study found that the traditional sport/racing saddle was associated with more than two times the pressure in the perineal region than the saddles without a protruding nose. There were no significant differences in perineal pressure among the no-nose saddles. Measures of weight distribution on the pedals and handlebars indicated no differences between the traditional saddle and those without protruding noses. 3
To examine the benefit of saddles without a protruding nose, NIOSH conducted another study where bicycle police officers from five U.S. metropolitan areas used a no-nose saddle for their bicycles exclusively for 6 months. After 6 months, only three of the 90 men remaining in the study had returned to a traditional saddle. The study found a 66% reduction in saddle contact pressure in the perineal region, a significant improvement in penis tactile sensation, and a significant improvement in erectile function. The percentage of officers indicating that they experienced numbness to the buttocks, scrotum, or penis decreased from 73% while using traditional saddles at the beginning of the study to 18% after using no-nose saddles for 6 months. 4
NIOSH research has focused mostly on police officers, security officers, and emergency medical personnel who use bicycles as part of their work, rather than on recreational/sport bicyclists. However, one study reported that 21% of sport cyclists reported genital numbness after a bicycle race and 13% reported impotence 5 while other research reported a 61% incidence of genital numbness among cyclists and a 19% incidence in erectile dysfunction among cyclists riding more than 400 km (249 miles) per week. 6
There is much less research on female cyclists and effects associated with traditional bicycle saddles. Previous studies found 40-70 percent of female cyclists experience genital numbness with a traditional saddle. 7,8 NIOSH and researchers from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center investigated the relationship between frequent and/or endurance bicycling on neurological and sexual function in women. 9 The study concluded that there is an association between bicycling and decreased genital sensation in competitive female bicyclists. Additional research is warranted to further examine these issues among female cyclists.
Contrary to some cyclists’ belief, it is not normal for any part of your body to go numb or lose feeling. Numbness in the groin or genitals is a warning sign that should not be ignored. NIOSH recommends that workers who ride a bicycle as part of their job take the following steps to help prevent sexual and reproductive health problems:
While much of the scientific community has reached a consensus about the association between erectile dysfunction and traditional bicycle saddles, no-nose saddle designs have not been universally embraced by many cyclists. Informal discussions with numerous police and security patrol cyclists have revealed substantial skepticism, and often outright rejection, of bicycle saddle designs that do not incorporate a traditional narrow protruding nose. One reason for this is that some cyclists believe that the absence of the saddle nose compromises stability, maneuverability, and handling of the bicycle. A recent study 10 has shown that cyclists initially have a perception of decreased stability when beginning to use a no-nose saddle. However, the most recent NIOSH study 4 showed that 96% of bike patrol officers who tried a no-nose saddle continued to use a no-nose saddle beyond the study completion, suggesting that these individuals were able to overcome initial perceptions of decreased stability.
As we continue our research, we would like to hear about your experiences with no-nose saddles. More information on no-nose bicycle saddles can be found on the NIOSH Bicycle Saddles and Reproductive Health topic page and in the new NIOSH Workplace Solutions document, No-nose Saddles for Preventing Genital Numbness and Sexual Dysfunction in Occupational Bicycling .
The NIOSH Research Team has been studying bicycle saddle pressure and reproductive health since 2000.
Dr. Schrader leads the Reproductive Health Assessment Team within the Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch in the NIOSH Division of Applied Research Technology (DART).
Dr. Lowe is a Research Industrial Engineer in the Human Factors and Ergonomics Research Team within the Organizational Science & Human Factors Branch, DART.
Mr. Breitenstein is a biologist in Reproductive Health Assessment Team within the Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, DART.
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Read more about our comment policy » .
The one issue that has risen with officers riding a no-nose saddle is wrist pain and/or hand numbness. This can be directly associated to improper seat angle. Once properly fit these issues are usually alleviated. Generally speaking, most cyclists are not “professional” riders. Many are ignorant to the importance of saddle angle and without the nose of the saddle they tend to want to tilt the saddle forward to compensate. While the benefits of using a no-nose saddle can not be overstated, it is equally important to ensure a rider has proper seat angle. To do otherwise only creates the situation for other health problems to arise.
You make an extremely important point. Pain and/or numbness are medical warning signs. Pain and numbness are never normal and should never be ignored whether in groin, the wrist, or any other part of the body. Proper bicycle fit is extremely important. As you indicate, the saddle angle is very important when using no-nose saddles. Professional police bicycling organizations or local bicycle shops can help ensure proper bicycle fit.
Whether you ride a traditional saddle or a no-nose saddle do not ignore pain or numbness in any part of your body. Thank you for your comment. We encourage others to respond with their experiences and expertise in using no-nose saddles.
Using a no-nose saddle has changed my life…truly! I can ride for hours in comfort now and race triathlons with no discomfort. It’s wonderful. Prior to getting my no-nose saddle, I was miserable after the first 30 minutes on my bike. I would stand while riding, even on flat roads and flat bike trails, just to give myself a break from the discomfort. The no-nose saddle was the best purchase I have made for my road bike and my body. I wondered when I bought the no-nose saddle if it would be hard to get used to, but it wasn’t. In fact, it took less than a day before it felt completely natural and I’m not the most coordinated person I know.
All I can say is don’t wait to consider a no-nose saddle until you’re in pain, numb or worse! Be proactive. Get one now, before you need it or it’s too late and damage has been done. I was fortunate, I got my no-nose saddle long before there was any damage to my body. It was the right decision and I cannot tell enough people how great these saddles are.
There are a wide variety of no-nose saddles on the market. Some seem to be made more for recreational riders and mountain or hybrid bike owners, others for athletes or road bike owners. Some are made for smaller, narrow framed riders and others are made for taller, and wider framed riders. If the first on you try doesn’t work for you, keep trying. I’m convinced you’ll find one to fit you and your riding needs. And once you find the right saddle, you will wonder why you didn’t get one sooner.
I know this article raises concern over bicycle riders, but I have suffered numbness numerous times on the expensive exercise bikes at the local gym. I am sure this applies to them also. I will be sharing this information with my gym management to educate them of the these issues. If this is affecting healthy individuals, imagine the effects on the overweight people in gyms accross the country.
Besides the effects of pressure, is there any strong evidence of negative effects of heat on reproductive health in occupational bicyclists? Of course modern bicycle saddles and bike shorts used by competitive bicyclists are designed for some ventilation and moisture reduction in the groin area. However, it seems that patrolling on a bicycle for several hours a day will generate much heat in the groin area regardless of the material of the saddle or clothing worn. Moreover, I have seen several images of policemen patrolling on bicycles wearing loose fitting pants or shorts, perhaps for the sake of modesty, which are conducive to trapping heat and moisture. Does heat play a roll in reproductive problems in occupational cyclists?
NIOSH does not have any data on this topic. Generally, trapping of moisture and heat can lead to chafing in the groin area. There have been some concerns that heat may cause fertility problems; however, the studies conducted on male fertility parameters and biking are inconclusive.
Noseless saddles might make sense for people who cannot find a regular bicycle saddle that fits them, just like having a bicycle frame custom made to your size would make sense—if you cannot find a stock size that fits because of short torso, unusually long legs, etc. But to advocate it as the first choice does not appear to make sense. For most people, many of the supposed benefits will be nothing that could not have been achieved through proper bike fit, and what is given up is the intuitive control of the bike that, in traffic, could be the difference between avoiding the car that runs the stop sign and becoming a fatal statistic.
NOSH has always advocated proper bicycle fit and has recommended that occupational cyclists seek the assistance of a bike fit specialist. However, bicycle fit alone can not eliminate pressure to the groin from a traditional nosed saddle. In the more upright position of a bicycle patrol officer on a mountain bike, it has been shown that 25-35% of the body weight will be on the saddle nose. If a cyclist leans forward to a more aerodynamic position this percentage typically increases due to the shape of the pelvis. As mentioned in the Workplace Solutions document, a no-nose saddle will feel different. The document recommends taking some time to acclimate to the feel of a no-nose saddle. The 2008 study showed that after a 6-month period of no-nose saddle use over 90% of the police officers continued to use the no-nose saddle. None of the 90+ police officers reported losing control of their bicycle. If there were a control problem with these saddles, we believe that police officers would not have continued their use.
I would like to try a noseless saddle but my local bike shop doesn’t have them. Are there many different styles available? How much are they? Where can I compare them? Where can I buy them?
There are several styles and manufacturers of no-nose saddles which can be found on the Internet by searching no-nose or noseless saddles. The price range can vary from $25-$275.
I am a fairly serious sports rider and use a no-nose saddle. my friends all kid me about the lack of control but that is nonsense. I can still maneuver as well as ever by using my body weight more during turns. Vertical stability is not compromised at all.
I would be ineterested in what no-nose seats you tested and which you feel are best.
Thank you for your posting. Bicycle control seems to be the biggest concern expressed when cyclists are considering a no-nose saddle. As you have indicated, within a short time of using no-nose saddles, there is very little, if any loss of control.
Our study was designed to evaluate the concept of no-nose saddles and not to compare the various saddle brands or designs. Nine saddles which were available on the Internet were used and the police officers were allowed to select the one that worked best for them. So our research and conclusions are based on saddles without a protruding nose and not a specific brand or design. Looking at the various no-nose saddles available, one should select a saddle that fits them and their riding style. Some saddles promote an upright position while other will promote a more forward aero position.
I have been racing pushbikes for 8 years and have won numerous state championships. After spending hours upon hours in the saddle i am happy to report that i have no problems of any kind. My latest seat is split down the center to relieve pressure and is ultra comfy.
Finding a saddle that is comfortable for you is important. We all recognize that no disease or aliment affects everyone. I hope you continue to be free of any adverse effects. It should be noted that several scientific studies have shown that split or holed saddles do not improve blood flow or alleviate the pressure for most cyclists. The blood vessels do not run down the center of the groin but instead off center. Some published scientific studies have actually shown some split saddles increase the pressure on the blood vessels because the edge of the groove aligns with these vessels. No-nose saddles continue to be the only saddle scientifically proven to remove the pressure from blood vessels and nerves in the groin.
I think the noseless bike seats are a great idea! They should have started equipping bikes with these types of seats a long time ago, or at least give you an option?
It is very uncomfortable as a man with short legs, and trying to balance the bike, while both feet are planted flat on the ground.
Another great idea are foldable bikes, everything (including the seat) are adjustable. I bought one and take it with me everywhere I go. It fits perfectly in my back trunk of my car. You can take to the park, on the bus, to the mall. It’s so light weight; it’s about the weight of a backpack.
What particular noseless seat is recommended for cyclists with ED? Has anyone with ED recovered health while still biking when using the no-nose seat?
I’ve been riding for several years in triathlons and always used the “stock” seat on both my road bike and mountain bike with no problems.
I’ve recently started commuting on my and now I am getting an achy soreness in my testes and groin. No numbness, no ED, just soreness. I am thinking that nose-less seat may be the way to go, given that I want to keep riding. Also I am middle aged so have more to worry about w/ those issues. Should I try a more expensive or “split” seat, or try one of these (odd looking) noseless seats? I have been looking at one called a “spongy wonder”.
Soreness in the testes, groin, or any other part of the body, should be evaluated by a medical professional.
When choosing a new bike saddle, please note that several scientific studies have sho
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