News update 17/04/2022 7
The truce between the Catholics and the Huguenots, concluded in 1570, Catherine de Medici and her son Charles IX decided to seal the marriage of Henry of Navarre to the king's sister Margaret of Valois. According to their plan, the marriage was supposed to tie a dangerous southerner to the royal court and put him under reliable control. We do not know how Henry himself felt about this marriage, it was enough that it brought benefits to his party and strengthened the rights of the Bourbons to the French throne. The marriage to Marguerite was ultimately unsuccessful; already a mature man, Henry IV parted in 1599 with his first wife and marries Maria Medici.
The wedding with Margarita was celebrated in the summer of 1572 with unprecedented luxury. Less than a week after the wedding, events took place in Paris that determined the fate of France and for the first time drastically changed the life of Henry. On the night of August 23-24 (the feast of St. Bartholomew), Catholics, with the tacit approval of the royal court, attacked the Huguenots who had gathered for the wedding celebrations and killed many of them. Among others, Admiral de Coligny also died. Henry was saved only because he lived in the royal palace and hastily converted to the Catholic faith. By supporting this bloody massacre (“St. Bartholomew’s Night”), the Valois dynasty itself signed its own death warrant. Both Catholics and Huguenots looked at the last Valois as criminal kings, stained with blood and dishonor, kings who had lost their right to the throne.
The fate of the French monarchy hung in the balance. The Huguenots set as their goal the split of the French kingdom. In February 1576, Henry flees from the Louvre, where he was held as an honorary hostage, and participates in the battles of the Huguenots with the Catholic armies. Henry's authority in the South is growing, but the split of France into North and South at the same time deepens the abyss separating Henry from the royal crown. In Paris, the influence of the Catholic family of the Dukes of Guise is growing - it seems that it is the Guise who will pick up the crown that falls from the hands of the Valois.
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At this time, a second event occurs that dramatically changed the plans of Henry of Navarre and his fate. In 1584, the Duke of Alençon, the youngest of the sons of the late King Henry P., dies. Henry of Navarre turns out to be the closest relative of the king and his heir, the Dauphin. The king sends a trustee to him with a proposal to convert to Catholicism again - then Henry III is ready to officially declare him his heir; the king is not averse to relying on the support of the Huguenots against the Guises. But, having soberly weighed everything, Henry refuses the proposal of the king. The time to change his faith had not yet come, and the prize that was offered to him from Paris was too small. Cold calculation suggested to the Gascon that he should leave the king and Giza alone, without interfering in their struggle. The price that Henry of Navarre paid for the refusal was also quite high: in September 1585, Pope Sixtus V by a special decree deprived him of his rights to the French throne. War broke out again between Catholics and Huguenots.
The contradictions between the two parties escalated to the limit, and Henry of Navarre was largely to blame. The Catholics saw in his rights to the throne an increasing threat to their slogan: "One king, one law and one faith." The Huguenots, who until recently intended to split the French kingdom into parts, are now in favor of state unity and for the recognition of Henry as heir to the crown. The bitterness of all three contending parties - the king, the Guises and the Huguenots - reaches an extreme. At the end of 1588, the king orders the murder of two Guise brothers, and in August 1589, Henry III himself dies.
There was only one step left to the coveted crown, but it was not easy to make it: Paris did not open the gates to Henry. The importance of Paris during the civil wars grew very much, and Henry did not want to overshadow his future reign with another bloodshed.