News update 17/04/2022 3
“Let,” the treaty proclaimed, “neither his imperial majesty, nor the electors, princes, etc. do not inflict any violence or evil on any rank of the empire on the Augsburg creed, but will leave them in the world to adhere to their religious convictions ... "
The south and partly the west of Germany, where there were many church properties, remained Catholic. The north - Saxony, Golyptein, Brandenburg, Hanover, as well as the Palatinate and Württemberg - became Protestant. These religious boundaries have remained in Germany essentially to the present day.
Peace was only temporary... In a fragmented country, the princes were ready to quarrel again, calling on powerful allies.
Disengagement on religious grounds befell in the second quarter of the XVI century. and France. Although the country has been since the end of the XV century. centralized, the French South, which remembered the Albigensian heresy and developed independently for a long time, was the center of opposition to royal power. Independently minded citizens of southern France, the first bourgeois entrepreneurs and part of the nobles became Calvinists. They launched an attack on the church property. From the distorted German word Eidgenossen - "united" - Calvinists began to be called Huguenots in France. The north and the royal house remained Catholic. All the contradictions and conflicts in the country seemed to be intertwined into one ball - disobedience to the king of the local feudal nobility, dissatisfaction of the townspeople with heavy requisitions of royal officials, peasants' protests against taxes and church land ownership, the desire for independence of the bourgeoisie. All this took the usual religious slogans for that time and led to the beginning of the Huguenot wars, somewhat reminiscent of our Time of Troubles.
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In the last years of the reign of Henry II of Valois (1547-1559), royal taxes increased sharply. Under the young and sick son of Henry Francis II, the townspeople began protesting for tax cuts. They were led by the Huguenots. At the same time, the struggle for power and influence in the country between two side branches of the old Capetian dynasty, the Guises (Catholics) and the Bourbons (Huguenots), intensified. In 1560, a feudal conspiracy against the Guises was uncovered, and executions of Protestants began, arranged at court as performances. This led to a clash with the Bourbons and Condé. The States General, convened after the unexpected death of the king, did not lead to a reconciliation of the parties. In fact, power under the young brother of Francis Charles IX was taken over by their mother Catherine de Medici, half Italian by birth. This woman actively participated in public affairs during her husband's lifetime. The queen was distinguished by cunning, prudence, the desire to undividedly dispose of power. But it was under her that open clashes began between Catholics and Protestants.