News update 17/04/2022 16
Seeing before him the only goal - the good of the country, Richelieu stubbornly walked towards it, overcoming the fierce resistance of opponents and despite the almost universal misunderstanding. The cardinal can rightly be considered one of the founding fathers of the French nation and the creators of modern Europe. Few of the statesmen can boast of the implementation of all their plans. “I promised the king to use all my abilities and all the means that he would like to put at my disposal to destroy the Huguenots as a political party, weaken the illegal power of the aristocracy, establish obedience to royal authority everywhere in France and glorify France among foreign powers” , - this is how Richelieu defined the tasks of his government. And they were fulfilled. Despite the hatred surrounding him and accusations of striving for personal gain, Richelieu devoted all his strength to the service of France. Before his death, to the offer to forgive his enemies, he replied: "I had no other enemies, except for the enemies of the state." The Cardinal was entitled to such an answer.
http://images.google.vg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.vg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.sh/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.sh/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.sh/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.sc/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.sc/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.sc/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.bn/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.bn/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.com.bn/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.sm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.sm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.sm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.et/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.et/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.com.et/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.co.mz/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.co.mz/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.co.mz/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.co.zw/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.co.zw/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.co.zw/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.co.ck/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.co.ck/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.co.ck/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.la/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.la/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.la/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.ai/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.ai/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.com.ai/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.gi/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.tm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.tm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.dm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.dm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.dm/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.co.uz/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.co.uz/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.gl/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.gl/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.gl/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.ht/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.ht/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.ht/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.vu/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.vu/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.vu/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.st/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.st/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.st/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.al/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.al/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.vc/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.vc/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.fj/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.fj/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.com.fj/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.cg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.cg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.cg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.sr/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.sr/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.ws/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.ws/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.ws/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.ki/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.ki/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.ki/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.to/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.to/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.to/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.pn/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.sl/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.sl/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.bf/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.bf/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.bf/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.cv/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.cv/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.cv/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.nu/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.nu/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.nu/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.mg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.cf/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.cf/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.cf/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.com.sb/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.com.sb/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.com.sb/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.co.ao/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.co.ao/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.co.ao/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.tg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.tg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.tg/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.ml/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.ml/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.ml/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.so/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.so/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.so/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.tk/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.tk/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.tk/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.ga/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.ga/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.google.ga/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.bt/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.bt/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.bt/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://images.google.td/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://maps.google.td/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.google.td/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
https://plus.google.com/url?q=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.webclap.com/php/jump.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://clubs.london.edu/click?r=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.ladan.com.ua/link/go.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.cs.odu.edu/~mln/teaching/cs695-f03/?method=display&redirect=https://all-andorra.com/
https://sitereport.netcraft.com/?url=https://all-andorra.com/
http://ranking.crawler.com/SiteInfo.aspx?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.adminer.org/redirect/?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://sfwater.org/redirect.aspx?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.cs.odu.edu/~mln/teaching/cs695-f03/?method=display&redirect=https://all-andorra.com/
https://sitereport.netcraft.com/?url=https://all-andorra.com/
http://web.archive.org/web/20180804180141/https://all-andorra.com/
https://smccd.edu/disclaimer/redirect.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://baoviet.com.vn/Redirect.aspx?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://advisor.wmtransfer.com/SiteDetails.aspx?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://clubs.london.edu/click?r=https://all-andorra.com/
http://sc.sie.gov.hk/TuniS/https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.webclap.com/php/jump.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.ric.edu/Pages/link_out.aspx?target=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.youtube.com/url?q=https://https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.youtube.com/url?q=https://https://all-andorra.com/
https://galter.northwestern.edu/exit?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://rspcb.safety.fhwa.dot.gov/pageRedirect.aspx?RedirectedURL=https://all-andorra.com/
https://valueanalyze.com/show.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
http://schwarzes-bw.de/wbb231/redir.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
http://www.webclap.com/php/jump.php?url=https://all-andorra.com/
https://clubs.london.edu/click?r=https://all-andorra.com/
https://www.cs.odu.edu/~mln/teaching/cs751-s11/?method=display&redirect=https://all-andorra.com/
https://galter.northwestern.edu/exit?url=https://all-andorra.com/
The sound of footsteps on the sand made her turn around. Louis XIV was without a hat; with a wave of his cane, he knocked down a butterfly, which was picked up from the grass by de Saint-Aignan, who was walking with him. “You see, princess, I also hunt butterflies,” he said, coming up. “Gentlemen,” he added, turning to his retinue, “take up the hunt and bring the booty to your ladies.”
That meant stay away from us.
It was amusing to see how the old respectable nobles, who had long forgotten about harmony and grace, began to run after butterflies, losing their hats and pounding myrtle and gorse bushes with canes, as if they were fighting the Spaniards.
Can they leave indifferent the words of Alexandre Dumas, inviting to the world of adventures of his heroes, unfolding against the backdrop of the brilliant and treacherous time of the "Sun King" ("Le roi soleil") Louis XIV of Bourbon. The era of his reign is full of events and passions; writers, playwrights, artists, composers, film directors, and architects have repeatedly turned to it and continue to turn to it.
The son of Anna of Austria and Louis XIII (under whom, we recall, the star of Richelieu shone) was born in 1643 and ascended the throne before reaching 5 years. The management of the state was concentrated in the hands of his mother and the prudently cunning Cardinal Mazarin. Carried away by the niece of the latter, Louis spent his days in the amusements adopted at the royal court.
His hand (heart - hardly) went to the Spanish Infanta Maria Theresa. Without showing a desire to govern the state until the death of the cardinal, after it, Louis seemed to be reborn. He plunged headlong into state affairs, skillfully selecting for himself sensible, but not too bright associates (Colbert, Louvois, etc.). Under him, the veneration of royalty assumed an almost semi-religious character; the power itself was personified personally by Louis XIV ("L'etat c'est moi" - "The state is me").
Encouraging the development of industry (most attention was paid to large manufactories) and trade (an impressive merchant fleet was built, trading companies were founded - East India, West India, etc.), the king reorganized the army, preparing for a whole series of military clashes. The long-standing confrontation between France and Spain could not but escalate under Louis XIV. After the death of Philip IV of Spain, Louis took over part of the Spanish Netherlands. He laid claim to other European territories, and France resolved disputes in its favor. So, the imperial city of Strasbourg was suddenly occupied, a terrible massacre was committed in the Palatinate (Germany), the French fleet bombarded Genoa and Tripoli. In the 80s. 17th century a major war broke out with a whole coalition (which included Spain, England, Austria and other countries). Initially, success accompanied the French side, but then the picture changed. The cost of the war grew, the French army suffered defeat. At the beginning of the 18th century, Louis, being captivated by ambitious plans, began the struggle for the so-called Spanish inheritance, wanting to win back the Spanish monarchy for his grandson.