News update 17/04/2022 1

News update 17/04/2022 1



In the middle of the XVI century. it seemed to many Europeans that the split between reformers and Catholics could still be bridged. All that is needed is for both sides to meet each other halfway and seek reconciliation. Such sentiments were strong not only among ordinary people - many high-ranking cardinals and bishops from the papal circle thought the same way. The Catholic Church hesitated for a long time before making an open break with the reformers. The Church Council, which solved this problem, sat for almost twenty years - from 1545 to 1563! Yet in the end the hard line won out, and all the supporters of church reform were declared heretics, i.e. people who have fallen away from Christ and from the church. Outlawing heretics, the Roman Church gave anyone who wanted the right to kill and persecute Calvinists, Lutherans, and supporters of other Reformation doctrines. A few years later, the first centers of religious wars broke out on the fields of France and the Netherlands, conflicts between Protestant England and Catholic Spain sharply escalated ... The ideas of the reformers became a force that transformed the face of Europe.

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1529. Germany, which has not yet recovered from the Great Peasant War and its suppression, drowned in blood, is again plunged into armed confrontation. Reconciled for the time of the struggle with the peasants, the princes and nobles again split into two camps.


Here in the city of Speyer, the rulers of the German states gather. Emperor Charles again calls for the eradication of the teachings of Luther, and he is supported by Catholic sovereigns.


“Let's pray, let's wait for the Lord to soften the emperor's heart and reveal light to him,” preaches Luther.


But they don't listen to him. 14 Lutheran princes proclaimed:


“We ... announce that we had nothing in common with the above-mentioned adopted resolution and do not want and cannot agree with it.”


This protest led to the emergence of the term "Protestants", denoting the supporters of the Reformation. And directly in Germany, he led to an internecine religious war. In 1530, at the new Reichstag (imperial congress) in Augsburg, the Protestants presented 28 articles of the foundations of Lutheranism and demanded their approval in Germany. The Catholics and the emperor, in turn, rejected this "Augsburg Confession". The Protestant princes united in an alliance and announced an armed rebuff to the opposite side. Temporarily, however, the opponents again reconciled in Nuremberg in 1532 in connection with the need to give a general rebuff to the Turkish army, approaching Vienna. But already next year, a clash broke out for the possession of Württemberg, in which Austrian troops took part on the side of the emperor's brother, and Swiss mercenaries on the side of the Lutheran prince -


Further hostilities were associated with the founding in the city of Münster in 1533 of the Anabaptist commune led by the Dutch - the baker Jan Mathis and the tailor John of Leiden. The townspeople repulsed the attack of the exiled bishop and his allies. In Münster, an attempt was made to distribute the property of the townspeople equally. John of Leiden proclaimed himself the new David, and Munster the new kingdom of Israel. At the same time, the executions of opponents of the teachings of the Anabaptists took place. These events so frightened the Rhine feudal lords that they again gathered troops and sculpted the city by attack. "King David" and his "court" were executed.


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