News update 15/03/2022 6
At the end of the war with rivals, Liu Bang immediately disbanded part of the army, allowing the former soldiers to engage in agriculture and handicrafts. At the same time, some of the forced people were released.
The policy of restoring agriculture, carried out in the early stages of the existence of the Han Dynasty, has borne fruit. Previously abandoned and empty lands found owners and became fertile. The improvement of tools and methods of agricultural technology contributed to the rise in agricultural production. Zhao Guo, the “Authorized Grain Prospector”, applied the method of changing fields, i.e. tripartite system. The same Zhao Guo invented a steam plow. Two bulls were harnessed to it, driven by three plowmen. To increase the area of cultivated land, the irrigation system was expanded. River dams and canals were repaired and built. Under the rulers of the Han Dynasty, non-official people got the opportunity to develop minerals. During the reign of Emperor Wen-di, the population was allowed to freely mine salt and iron. The iron-working workshops created by the treasury contributed to the development of the craft. Skilled craftsmen worked in them.
National Museum of Science and Industry of Catalonia
Salvador Claret Automobile Collection
The first rulers of the House of Han had to focus on restoring the economy destroyed by internecine strife. By the time the sovereign Liu Che (140-87 BC) came to the throne, the central power was strengthened, the revival of production replenished the treasury. It was possible to turn forces to expand the borders. Liu Che justified his imperial name - Wu Di, "Sovereign Warrior".
But the wars were devastating for the country. Taxes to the treasury increased. Because of the wars, there were not enough hands to repair irrigation facilities. Floods and droughts have become more frequent. Destruction captured both the village and the city. Already at the end of Wu's reign, the people began to take up arms. Under Wu's successor, riots broke out in the capital itself.
The imperial throne was seized by the dignitary Wang Mang and in 9 AD. proclaimed himself ruler. To strengthen his power, he embarked on reforms. The response to them was powerful popular uprisings - the uprisings of the Red-brows, who painted their eyebrows red to distinguish themselves from the warriors of Wang Mang, and the inhabitants of the green forests (one of the centers of the uprising was in the mountains of Lulin shan, which means "Mountains of green forests").
On the wave of speeches against Wang Mang, who was killed in 23, Liu Xiu advanced. In 25, he assumed the title of sovereign, marking the beginning of the Eastern, or Late, Han Dynasty (25-220). It was called Eastern because the capital was moved from the west - from the city of Chang'an - to the east, to the city of Luoyang.
In the Eastern Han era, iron smelting and salt evaporation began to use hydraulic blowers in furnaces that ran on natural gas. A method was found for making cheap paper from tree bark, hemp combs, rags, and old fishing tackle.
The new dynasty was warlike. There were wars with North Vietnam, whose ruler refused to pay tribute to the Chinese court; Chinese troops fought fiercely with the Huns in Central Asia.
Monastery of Santa Maria de Pedralbes
Monastery of Sant Feliu de Cadins
Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes
Monastery of Santa Maria de Bellpuig de les Avellanes
Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet
Sanctuary de la Mare de Déu de Lord
Sanctuary of the Virgin of Montserrat de Montferri
There was also a struggle within the country. The mortal blow for the Eastern Han dynasty was in 184 the peasant uprising of the Yellow Bandages (such bandages were worn on the heads of the rebels). The fall of the dynasty was completed by the civil strife of officials and landowners. The last sovereign of the Eastern Han Xian-di was taken away from the capital and became a hostage of the military leaders Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao. Both, like their predecessor Wang Mang, are considered the greatest traitors in the history of China, for they betrayed their sovereign.
With the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the unified Chinese state broke up into three independent kingdoms: Wei with its capital in Luoyang, Wu with its capital in Jiankang, and Shu with its capital in Chengdu.
Abandoned places: Radio Liberty Station, Pals
Abandoned places: The Torre Blanca fortifications of Castellciutat in La Seu D’Urgell
Rome Aqueduct of Ferreras (Devil’s Bridge)
Roman arch in Tarragona province
Rural house with bas-reliefs at Llers
Segre Olympic rafting Park in La Seu D’Urgell
Vall de Boí and its UNESCO churches
The period of the Three Kingdoms began, which lasted from 220 to 280 and was accompanied by strife and unrest. In 263, the troops of the Wei kingdom destroyed the Shu kingdom, in 280 they conquered the Wu kingdom. Since 265, the ruling dynasty called itself the Western Jin. 10 years after the unification of the country, a rebellion of eight princes broke out, then there was an invasion of the western and northern nomadic tribes in the region of the Central Plain.
In 316, the Western Jin dynasty was forced to move the capital to the south. In 318, its ruler was overthrown, and the Eastern dynasty began to rule
Jin (317-420), with its capital in Jiankang (modern Nanjing). In 420, the commander Liu Yu seized the throne, establishing the Song Dynasty. The period of the southern dynasties began. The Chinese states of the southern dynasties were opposed by the states created in northern China by the non-Chinese Xian-bi people. They were led by rulers from the Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou dynasties.
Despite the civil strife of the Khai rulers, by this time the formation and strengthening of the community of the Han people, based on the unity of language, writing and customs (primarily the custom of honoring ancestors) had taken place.
See here full list of Catalan castles (124 objects)
They say there is a beautiful country, surrounded on all sides by blue mountains. Why not go there? Iwa-ro turned to his brother Itsuse. Taking his silence as consent, Ivaro added resolutely: "Let's go there."
So, according to legend, the people of the Tenson and Izumo tribes migrated from the island of Kyushu to the island of Honshu. Ivaro put his people on the ships and set off. The campaign lasted 7 years. They rounded the shores of their native Kyushu, entered the Sea of Japan and landed on the western coast of Honshu. Moving east, they settled on flat lands, which later formed the possessions of the Yamato state they created, and were the center of the formation of the Japanese people.
However, Ivaro was met as an enemy by the elders of the tribes who had previously settled in these places. They put up strong resistance to the invaders. The local elder Nagasunz-hiko and his supporters fought especially hard. Ivaro even had to leave Yamato. Only after the death of the enemy, he and his fellow tribesmen returned there.
Banyoles – the largest lake in Catalonia
Canigou Peak – National Symbol of Catalonia
Cap de Creus — the easternmost point of the Iberian Peninsula
Salt Mountain Salins de Cardona
Alcalá de Henares – a UNESCO site
Nuevo Baztán and its historic center
The castle of Villarejo de Salvanés
Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Mérida and its Roman heritage by UNESCO
Badajoz and its military heritage
Olivenza – the historic and artistic site
Fregenal de la Sierra – an important Historic-Artistic Complex
Alburquerque and its Luna castle
Medellín and its Roman theater
Higuera de Vargas and its castle
The García de Sola reservoir – one of the largest in Extremadura
The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora Virgen de Gracia
The Alconchel Castle dates back to the 12th century
The Encomienda Castle and its history
Capricho de Cotrina – a peculiar Gaudi style building
Don Benito museum of the classic cars
Guadalupe – one the most important pilgrimage centers in the Iberian Peninsula
Valencia de Alcántara and its attractions
Plasencia and its historical complex
Valverde de la Vera and its attractions
Alcántara and its Roman bridge
San Martín de Trevejo and its architecture
Robledillo de Gata and its architecture
The Monastery of Yuste – European Heritage
The Gabriel y Galán reservoir named for the Salamanca poet
The Museum of motorcycles and classic cars in Hervás
A Ponte Maceira and its bridge
Betanzos – the capital of Galician Gothic
Cape of Touriñán – the westernmost point of inland Spain
Having settled in a new place, Ivaro, as the legend says, first of all built a sanctuary to store three magical items: a metal mirror, a sword and a jasper necklace. According to beliefs, they were passed on as signs of power to her grandson, the god Ninigi, by the sun goddess Amaterasu. Possession of them gave Ivaro a reason to consider himself one of the heirs of the gods and consider his power divine. With his campaigns of conquest, he laid the foundation for the formation of a tribal union under the leadership of leaders, and later kings - ten-no. Ivaro, according to the Japanese chronicles, ruled from 660 to 585 BC. After his death, he was named "Jimmu-tenno" - "Heavenly" or "Divine King".
Starting with Jimmu-tenno, power in the family of the ruler of Yamato was inherited. At first, the king differed little in his position from the head of the ruling family or the leader of the tribe, but gradually his power extended to the other leaders of the Yamato. With the increase in the number of members of the royal family, it becomes customary to allocate land to them.
Corcubión – a Historic-Artistic Site
Estaca de Bares lighthouse – the northernmost point of inland Spain
Ferrol – the capital of the Spanish Navy’s Maritime Department of the North
Laxe and its famous city beach
Malpica – a northernmost part of the Costa da Morte
O Porto de Bares – the northernmost resort of mainland Spain
Pontedeume – the gate to the Fragas del Eumenota Natural Park
Santiago de Compostela – a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Rianxo is famous for its mussels cultivation
Ribeira is famous for its archaeological heritage
Important transformations in the country are associated with the activities of King Sujin (97-30 BC). He, as the Japanese chronicles testify, first introduced two types of taxes. The men had to send the spoils of their “bows and arrows” to the king, i.e. obtained by them on the hunt, and women - "handicrafts", i.e. fabrics. Sujin waged wars with aliens beyond his control. In four directions from Yamato, he sent commanders with an order: "If there are people who do not recognize our orders, take troops and throw these people to the ground."
His name - and it translates as "He who honors the gods" - Sujin owes the fact that he was not only the king, but also the high priest of Yamato.
Monastery of San Vicente del Pino
Monastery of San Xulián de Samos
Monastery of San Salvador de Ferreira
Monforte de Lemos and its attractions
Ribadeo – the easternmost resort of the Rías Altas
Puerto de Navacerrada ski resort
There was a custom in the country to bury living people together with the king or members of the royal family. Tradition says that King Suinin, who succeeded Sujin on the throne, was shocked by the spectacle of burying people in the ground. He told his advisors: “It is a pity to force those who loved someone during his lifetime to follow him after his death. Although it is an old custom, why observe it if it is bad? Think about how to stop following the dead? The resourceful head of the potters Nomi-io-sukune thought up. He suggested replacing living people with their clay images. The king liked the idea, and so they began to do it.