News archives 31/03/202219
Traditional power structures are losing their footing. Almost everywhere, the power of hereditary kings (“basilei”) or those who have already managed to replace their elected rulers from a narrow circle of tribal nobility is abolished. Instead, in a number of policies of mainland Greece (Sikyon, Corinth, Megara, Athens) and Asia Minor, outstanding personalities become heads of state, pursuing their policies using violent methods. Such rulers, who established a regime of personal power in the state, were called by the Greeks "tyrants", and the form of government they introduced was called "tyranny". It is not surprising that these terms acquired a negative meaning even in antiquity.
Коллекция автомобилей Сальвадора Кларе
Национальный Музей Науки и Техники Каталонии в Террасе
Бакейра / Берет: 162 км горнолыжных трасс
Бои Тауль: 47 км горнолыжных трасс
Маселья: 74 км горнолыжных трасс
Ла Молина: 70 км горнолыжных трасс
Порт дель Конт: 50 км горнолыжных трасс
But the activities of some tyrants sometimes received, in fairness, an ambiguous assessment from their contemporaries and later Hellenic historians. The Athenian tyrant Pisistratus, for example, gained great popularity in his time (ruled three times, starting from 560 BC, died in 527 BC). With the help of some measures of a demagogic nature, he more than once managed to win the favor of the demos. Undoubtedly, Athens benefited from his foreign policy, aimed, in particular, at gaining control over important sea routes. Peisistratus introduced new religious festivities, which were celebrated popularly. He did a lot for the improvement and decoration of his native city. By his order, Homer's poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey", which had been passed down from generation to generation orally, were written down. The tendency to patronize literature and the arts was generally characteristic of early Greek tyranny.
But the tyrants of the 7th-6th centuries. BC. failed in the end to solve the problems that faced the archaic Greek policy, and thereby consolidate their power. This was done by the legislators-reformers who laid the foundations of ancient democracy. The first of them in Athens was Solon, in 594 BC. who canceled debts and destroyed debt slavery. He also limited the size of private land holdings by a special law and thereby prevented the disappearance of small and medium-sized peasant farms, distributed the rights and obligations of citizens in accordance with their property status, and created a jury (see Art. "Solon - Legislation in Antiquity").
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During the reforms carried out around 508 BC. Cleisthenes, a new administrative division of the territory of the Athenian state was established, which finally destroyed the former domination of the clan nobility. At the same time, state authorities and the military command underwent additional reorganization.