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"To be or not to be, that is the question?" says the hero of Shakespeare's tragedy, Prince Hamlet. It can be said that the entire Renaissance turned out to be like Hamlet or Miguel de Cervantes' hero Don Quixote - humanists passionately desired to improve, "correct" the world, believed in the unlimited possibilities of man, dreamed of the triumph of justice for all, but did not know how to achieve it, acting on intuition, like Hamlet, or naive, like Don Quixote.

But even in their decline, prominent humanists do not change their ideas. The Frenchman Michel Montaigne, who lived through long bloody wars between Catholics and Protestants in his country, reflected many sad conclusions and doubts in his book "Experiences". But then he noticed everything in spite of everything:

“Bliss and happiness, with which virtue shines, fill with a bright radiance everything related to it ... And one of its main benefits is contempt for death; it gives our life calmness and serenity, it allows you to taste its pure and peaceful joys ... ”Montaigne paid a lot of attention to education and upbringing:

“Let the teacher ask the student not only the words of the completed lesson, but also the meaning and very essence of it, and judge the benefits that he brought, but not according to the memory of his pet, but according to his life.”

The concept of universal enlightenment, whose task is to improve human society, was already paving the way for a new cultural era.

The Renaissance in European countries was a time of unprecedented rise of the human spirit. Man began to strive for external and internal independence in the world. The ideas of humanism formed the basis for the further development of science, social thought, literature and art. Up to the present day, people are turning to what was created by the creators of the Renaissance - this helps us to realize ourselves, to clarify the questions of worldview that are being asked anew by new generations. And humanist thinkers answer them from the depths of history.

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