NUSCALE POWER
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A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity. As of September 2023, the International Atomic Energy Agency reported that there were 410 nuclear power reactors in operation in 32 countries around the world, and 57 nuclear power reactors under construction. Most nuclear power plants use thermal reactors with enriched uranium in a once-through fuel cycle. Fuel is removed when the percentage of neutron absorbing atoms becomes so large that a chain reaction can no longer be sustained, typically three years. It is then cooled for several years in on-site spent fuel pools before being transferred to long-term storage. The spent fuel, though low in volume, is high-level radioactive waste. While its radioactivity decreases exponentially, it must be isolated from the biosphere for hundreds of thousands of years, though newer technologies (like fast reactors) have the potential to significantly reduce this. Because the spent fuel is still mostly fissionable material, some countries (e.g. France and Russia) reprocess their spent fuel by extracting fissile and fertile elements for fabrication into new fuel, although this process is more expensive than producing new fuel from mined uranium. All reactors breed some plutonium-239, which is found in the spent fuel, and because Pu-239 is the preferred material for nuclear weapons, reprocessing is seen as a weapon proliferation risk. Building a nuclear power plant often spans five to ten years, which can accrue significant financial costs, depending on how the initial investments are financed. Because of this high construction cost and lower operations, maintenance, and fuel costs, nuclear plants are usually used for base load generation, because this maximizes the hours over which the fixed cost of construction can be amortized. Nuclear power plants have a carbon footprint comparable to that of renewable energy such as solar farms and wind farms, and much lower than fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. Nuclear power plants are among the safest modes of electricity generation, comparable to solar and wind power plants in terms of deaths from accidents and air pollution per terawatt-hour of electricity.
In connection with: Nuclear power plant
Title combos: plant Nuclear power Nuclear plant
Description combos: energy uranium from station spent the lower countries France
The Toshiba 4S (Super Safe, Small and Simple) is a micro sodium-cooled nuclear fission reactor design.
In connection with: Toshiba 4S
Title combos: Toshiba 4S
Description combos: sodium nuclear Super is cooled sodium reactor Simple fission
A floating nuclear power plant is a floating power station that derives its energy from a nuclear reactor. Instead of a stationary complex on land, they consist of a floating structure such as an offshore platform, barge or conventional ship. Since the reactors employed are smaller in size and power than most commercial land-based reactors, mostly derived from nuclear ship and submarine power plants, the power output is generally a fraction of a conventional nuclear power plant, usually around 100MWe, although some are planned to have as much as 800MWe. The advantage of such power plants is their relative mobility and their ability to deliver in-situ electric power "on demand" even to remote regions, since they can be moved or towed to position with relative ease within large water bodies, and then docked with coastal facilities to transfer the produced power and heat to a land power grid. However, environmental groups are concerned that floating nuclear power plants are more exposed to accidents than onshore power stations and also pose a threat to marine habitats.
In connection with: Floating nuclear power plant
Title combos: Floating plant nuclear plant Floating plant power nuclear Floating
Description combos: nuclear of to are as nuclear station power the
Economics of nuclear power plants
Nuclear power construction costs have varied significantly across the world and over time. Large and rapid increases in costs occurred during the 1970s, especially in the United States. Recent cost trends in countries such as Japan and Korea have been very different, including periods of stability and decline in construction costs. New nuclear power plants typically have high capital expenditure for building plants. Fuel, operational, and maintenance costs are relatively small components of the total cost. The long service life and high capacity factor of nuclear power plants allow sufficient funds for ultimate plant decommissioning and waste storage and management to be accumulated, with little impact on the price per unit of electricity generated. Additionally, measures to mitigate climate change such as a carbon tax or carbon emissions trading, favor the economics of nuclear power over fossil fuel power. Nuclear power is cost competitive with the renewable generation when the capital cost is between $2000 and $3000/kW.
In connection with: Economics of nuclear power plants
Title combos: Economics power power Economics of power nuclear Economics of
Description combos: small life building change in especially in trading ultimate
List of small modular reactor designs
Small modular reactors (SMR) are much smaller than the current nuclear reactors (300 MWe or less) and have compact and scalable designs which propose to offer safety, construction, and economic benefits, and offering potential for lower initial capital investment and scalability.
In connection with: List of small modular reactor designs
Title combos: designs modular small of reactor modular List of designs
Description combos: reactors offer and nuclear investment reactors current construction and
NuScale Power Corporation is a publicly traded American company that designs and markets small modular reactors (SMRs). It is headquartered in Tigard, Oregon. The company's VOYGR power plant, which uses 50 MWe modules and scales to 12 modules (600 MWe), was the first to be certified by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (2022). The current 77 MWe Power Module designs, the VOYGR-4 (308 MWe) and VOYGR-6 (462 MWe), were submitted for NRC review on January 1, 2023, and approved May 29, 2025. NuScale is now seeking NRC approval for their 12-module VOYGR-12. The SMR is also scalable, offering up to 924 MWe. NuScale's SMR designs employ 9 feet (2.7 m) diameter by 65 feet (20 m) high reactor vessels that use conventional cooling methods and run on low enriched uranium fuel assemblies based on existing light water reactor designs. Individual NuScale Power Modules are intended to be kept in an underground pool and each are expected to produce about 77 megawatts of electricity. Its coolant loop uses natural convection, fed from a large water reservoir that can operate without powered pumps. NuScale had agreements to build reactors in Idaho by 2030, but this was cancelled in 2023 due to the estimated cost having increased from $3.6 billion to $9.3 billion for the VOYGR-6 power plant.
In connection with: NuScale Power
Title combos: Power NuScale
Description combos: VOYGR in current due SMR plant but methods Modules
The small modular reactor (SMR) is a class of small nuclear fission reactor, designed to be built in a factory, shipped to operational sites for installation, and then used to power buildings or other commercial operations. The term SMR refers to the size, capacity and modular construction. Reactor type and the nuclear processes may vary. Of the many SMR designs, the pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the most common. However, recently proposed SMR designs include generation IV, thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors, molten salt, and gas-cooled reactor models. Commercial SMRs have been designed to deliver an electrical power output as low as 5 MWe (electric) and up to 300 MWe per module. SMRs may also be designed purely for desalinization or facility heating rather than electricity. These SMRs are measured in megawatts thermal MWt. Many SMR designs rely on a modular system, allowing customers to simply add modules to achieve a desired electrical output. Small reactors were first designed mostly for military purposes in the 1950s to power submarines and ships with nuclear propulsion. The thermal output of the largest naval reactor as of 2025 is estimated at 700 MWt (the A1B reactor). No naval reactor meltdown or event resulting in the release of radioactive material has ever been disclosed in the United States, and in 2003 Admiral Frank Bowman testified that no such accident has ever occurred. There has been strong interest from technology corporations in using SMRs to power data centers. Modular reactors are expected to reduce on-site construction and increase containment efficiency. These reactors are also expected to enhance safety by using passive safety features that do not require human intervention, although this is not specific to SMRs but rather a characteristic of most modern reactor designs. SMRs are also claimed to have lower power plant staffing costs, as their operation is fairly simple, and are claimed to have the ability to bypass financial and safety barriers that inhibit the construction of conventional reactors. Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU), headed by José N. Reyes Jr., are credited with inventing the first commercially viable SMR in 2007. Working with OSU, NuScale Power developed the first full-scale prototype in 2013 and, in 2022, received the first Nuclear Regulatory Commission approval for a commercial SMR in the United States. OSU and the research team are the original patent holders of their design.
In connection with: Small modular reactor
Title combos: Small modular Small modular reactor
Description combos: claimed and ever has first commercial by in sites
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