MÖNG YANG

MÖNG YANG

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Shan States thumbnail

Shan StatesThe Shan States were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called möng whose rulers bore the title saopha (sawbwa). In British Burma, they were analogous to the princely states of British India. The term "Shan States" was first used during the British rule in Burma as a geopolitical designation for certain areas of Burma (officially, the Federated Shan States, which included the Karenni States, consisted of today's Shan State and Kayah State). In some cases, the Siamese Shan States was used to refer to Lan Na (northern Thailand) and Chinese Shan States to the Shan regions in southern Yunnan such as Xishuangbanna. Historical mention of the Shan states inside the present-day boundaries of Burma began during the period of the Pagan dynasty; according to the Tai chronicles, the first major Shan State of that era was founded in 1215 at Möng Kawng, followed by Möng Nai in 1223. These were part of the larger Tai migration that founded the Ahom Kingdom in 1229 and the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1253. Shan political power increased after the Mongols overran Pagan in 1287 and the Shans came to dominate many of the northern to eastern areas of Burma—from northwestern Sagaing Division to the present-day Shan Hills. The newly founded Shan States were multi-ethnic states that included a substantial number of other ethnic minorities such as the Chin, Palaung, Lisu, Pa-O, Kachin, Wa, and Burmans. The Shan States were a dominant force in the politics of Upper Burma throughout the 13th to 16th centuries. The strongest Shan States, Möng Mao, Möng Yang and Hsenwi, constantly raided Upper Burma. Möng Mao ended the kingdoms of Sagaing and Pinya in 1364. However, the Shan States were too fragmented to resist the encroachment of bigger neighbours. In the north, the Chinese Ming dynasty conquered today's Yunnan in the 1380s, stamping out the final Shan resistance by the 1440s. The rulers of Möng Mao moved to Möng Yang, and in 1527 they led the Confederation of Shan States which captured the Ava Kingdom and ruled Upper Burma until 1555. In the south, the Toungoo dynasty captured all those Shan States that would become known as the Burmese Shan States in 1557. Though the Shan States came under the suzerainty of Burmese kingdoms based in the valley of the Irrawaddy River, the Shan saophas (chiefs) retained a large degree of autonomy. When Burma gained independence in 1948, the Federated Shan States became Shan State while the southern portion became Kayah State within the Union of Burma with the right to secede from the Union. However, the Shan States and the saophas' hereditary rights were removed by General Ne Win's military government in 1962.

In connection with: Shan States

Shan

States

Title combos: States Shan

Description combos: were to Shan States were came of was the

Möng Mao thumbnail

Möng MaoMöng Mao Lông, commonly known as Möng Mao or Luchuan (麓川) in Chinese sources, was a medieval dynastic Tai regime centered on the Nam Mao (Ruili) river basin. During the reign of Hsö Hkan Hpa, it rapidly expanded across the frontier of modern-day Myanmar, China and India. There is no consesus on the exact founding date of Möng Mao, and little is known about the polity before Hsö Hkan Hpa became the ruler in c. 1335. Up to that point, a number of individual regimes may have existed within the Ruili and Longchuan basins.

In connection with: Möng Mao

Möng

Mao

Title combos: Möng Mao

Description combos: the Nam as India Lông Mao Mao the known

Mong Yang District thumbnail

Mong Yang DistrictMong Yang Township (Shan: ၸႄႈဝဵင်းမိူင်းယၢင်း, Burmese: မိုင်းယန်းမြို့နယ်) is the only township of Mong Yang District (Shan: ၸႄႈတွၼ်ႈမိူင်းယၢင်း, Burmese: မိုင်းယန်းခရိုင်) (officially Mong Yan) in eastern Shan State, Myanmar. The capital town is Mong Yan. In 2022, Mong Yang Township was promoted to its own district, splitting off from former Kengtung District. The township also contains the Mong Pawk Subtownship. Mong Pawk is part of it but is under United Wa State Army control as part of the de facto Wa State.

In connection with: Mong Yang District

Mong

Yang

District

Title combos: Mong Yang Mong Yang District

Description combos: own ယန to contains Wa Army Myanmar Burmese township

List of renamed places in MyanmarAfter the Burmese military staged a coup in 1988 after the 8888 Uprising, the military junta, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) began the process of renaming many place names (including the names of streets, cities, rivers, and geographic features) and ethnonyms throughout the country, often to better approximate their native endonymic pronunciations. On 18 June 1989, SLORC enacted the Adaptation of Expressions Law, which officially renamed "Burma" as "Myanmar" and "Burmese" as "Myanma," and permitted authorities to rename any the English language names of any state, division, township zone, township, town, ward, village-tract, village or any river, stream, forest, mountain or island to better conform with the Burmese pronunciation, via notification in the Burma Gazette. Prior to the renaming, many coastal towns and cities had colonial-era English names, based on nonstandard approximations of their Burmese names. The renaming of "Myanmar" remains highly contested. Many opposition parties and human rights groups, especially among ethnic minorities, view "Myanmar" as a name that reinforces the dominance of the Bamar majority and disregards the distinct identities of the country's many diverse ethnic groups. They often prefer "Burma" as a more neutral term.

In connection with: List of renamed places in Myanmar

List

of

renamed

places

in

Myanmar

Title combos: of List List in Myanmar List of renamed in

Description combos: better especially 1988 many staged After coastal tract Myanmar

Möng Mit thumbnail

Möng MitMöng Mit (Tai Le: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥤᥖ), also known as Momeik (Burmese: မိုးမိတ်), was a Shan state in the Northern Shan States in what is today Burma. The capital was Mongmit town. The state included the townships of Mongmit and Kodaung (Kawdaw, now Mabein Township).

In connection with: Möng Mit

Möng

Mit

Title combos: Mit Möng

Description combos: also Burmese was what the ᥛᥤᥖ in ᥛᥫᥒᥰ townships

Möng Yang thumbnail

Möng YangMöng Yang (Burmese: မိုးညှင်း, romanized: Mohnyin; Thai: เมือง​ยาง) was a Shan state in what is today Burma. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State. The state existed before 1400 and after 1604. The main town was Mohnyin (Möng Yang).

In connection with: Möng Yang

Möng

Yang

Title combos: Yang Möng

Description combos: outlying Burmese was Yang 1400 outlying day Möng after

Möng Kawng thumbnail

Möng KawngMöng Kawng (Tai Nüa: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥩᥒᥰ; Chinese: 孟拱) or Mogaung (Burmese: မိုးကောင်း) was a Shan state in what is present-day Myanmar. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State. The state existed until 1796. The main town was Mogaung (Möng Kawng).

In connection with: Möng Kawng

Möng

Kawng

Title combos: Möng Kawng

Description combos: Kachin located Shan Kawng The 孟拱 Kawng was Kawng

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