Muslim Brotherhood

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Muslim brotherhood logo with Arabic word "Prepare"
Further information: Islamic Action Front
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This section is in list format, but may read better as prose . You can help by converting this section , if appropriate. Editing help is available. ( August 2017 )

^ Al Jazeera Staff (18 June 2017). "What is the Muslim Brotherhood?" . Al Jazeera .

^ The Muslim Brotherhood and the Future of Political Islam in Egypt , Ashraf El-Sherif, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace website, 21 October 2014

^ Rick Perry and the Muslim Brotherhood: Compare and Contrast - Mona Eltahawy on social conservatism in Egypt and the U.S. , J.J. GOULD, 30 June 2013

^ Johnson, Ian (5 February 2011). "Washington's Secret History with the Muslim Brotherhood" . The New York Review of Books .

^ The Muslim Brotherhood's 'right-wing' politics game , Bassem Youssef, Al Arabiya English , Wednesday, 1 May 2013

^ What Is the Muslim Brotherhood, and Will It Take Over Egypt? , Robert Dreyfuss, Mother Jones , 11 February 2011

^ Kevin Borgeson; Robin Valeri (9 July 2009). Terrorism in America . Jones and Bartlett Learning. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7637-5524-9 . Retrieved 9 December 2012 .

^ "Is the Muslim Brotherhood a Terrorist Group?" . The New York Times . 30 April 2019 . Retrieved 15 May 2019 .

^ Ghattas, Kim (9 February 2001). "Profile: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood" . BBC.

^ Bruce Rutherford, Egypt After Mubarak (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2008), 99

^ "The end of Nasserism: How the 1967 War opened new space for Islamism in the Arab world" . Brookings. 5 June 2017 . Retrieved 15 May 2019 .

^ "Saudi and the Brotherhood: From friends to foes" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 7 June 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Ibish, Hussein (5 October 2013). "Is this the end of the failed Muslim Brotherhood project?" . The National . Retrieved 8 October 2013 .

^ Wade, Nicholas (30 August 2013). "Egypt: What poll results reveal about Brotherhood's popularity" . BBC News . the Brotherhood won Egypt's five democratic votes,

^ "Egypt's new president to pick woman, Christian VPs" . CNN . Retrieved 7 September 2017 .

^ "President Morsi Ousted: First Democratically Elected Leader Under House Arrest" . ABC News . Retrieved 7 September 2017 .

^ Slocum, Steve (16 July 2019). Why do They Hate Us?: Making Peace with the Muslim World . ISBN 9780998683874 .

^ "Why Turkey Chose Qatar" . The National Interest . 25 May 2017.

^ "Bahrain backs Saudi Arabia, UAE, Foreign Minister says" . Bahrain News Agency . Retrieved 3 November 2014 .

^ "Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood declared 'terrorist group ' " . BBC News . 25 December 2013 . Retrieved 18 January 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Resolution of the State Duma, 2 December 2003 N 3624-III GD "on the Application of the State Duma of the Russian Federation" on the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation" (in Russian). Consultant Plus . Archived from the original on 1 January 2016.

^ Jump up to: a b "Assad says 'factors not in place' for Syria peace talks" . Hurriyet (AFP). 21 October 2013 . Retrieved 26 December 2013 .

^ "Saudi Arabia declares Muslim Brotherhood 'terrorist group ' " . BBC . Retrieved 7 March 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Shahine, Alaa & Carey, Glen (9 March 2014). "U.A.E. Supports Saudi Arabia Against Qatar-Backed Brotherhood" . Bloomberg News . Retrieved 9 March 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b "The Principles of The Muslim Brotherhood - Ikhwanweb" . ikhwanweb.com .

^ "interview w/Dr. Mohamed El-Sayed Habib" . Ikhwan Web . Retrieved 28 November 2012 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Ruthven, Malise (1984). Islam in the World (first ed.). Penguin. p. 311 .

^ Paulo G. Pinto, "Sufism and the religious debate in Syria." Taken from Public Islam and the Common Good , pg. 184. Volume 95 of Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East and Asia. Eds. Armando Salvatore and Dale F. Eickelman. Leiden : Brill Publishers , 2004. ISBN 9789004136212

^ Carl W. Ernst, Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World , pg. 180. Part of the Islamic Civilization and Muslim Networks series. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press , 2003. ISBN 9780807875803

^ Mchugo, John (2013). A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE ARABS . The New Press, New York, 2013: The New Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-59558-950-7 . Al-Banna seems to have kept a certain distance from Rashid Rida. As a young man, he visited the tombs of shaykhs and was not hostile to some of the Sufi practices of which Rida would have disapproved... Hassan al-Banna was initiated into a branch of the Shadhiliyya, one of the most influential, when he was still in his teens. CS1 maint: location ( link )

^ Kramer, Gudrun (2010). Makers of the Muslim World: Hassan al Banna . Oneworld Publications, 10 Bloomsbury Road, London WC1B 3SR, England: One World Publishers. pp. 14–16, 23, 30. ISBN 978-1-85168-430-4 . The Hasafiyya was a local offshoot of the large and variegated Shadhiliyya order... In Ramadan 1341/1923 Hasan al-Banna was initiated into the Hasafiyya Brotherhood by Shaykh Hasanayn’s son and successor when the latter visited Damanhur, and benefited greatly from his teachings... Hasan al-Banna later declared the Hasafi Benevolent Society to be the nucleus or forerunner of the Society of the Muslim Brothers... al-Banna was aware of Rida’s hostility to “popular” Sufism, which, for him, included the Shadhiliyya order in general and the “grave-worshippers” (alquburiyyun) in particular, of whom al-Banna was one... Under the impact of reform Islam, and Rashid Rida more particularly, many aspects of Sufism had come under attack. Hasan al-Banna made no secret of his attachment to Sufism and certain practices, such as visiting graves CS1 maint: location ( link )

^ Azuri, L. (27 April 2009). "Muslim Brotherhood Debates Its Position on the Shi'a" . Retrieved 26 September 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Elad-Altman, Israel. "The Brotherhood and the Shiite Question" . Hudson Institute . Retrieved 29 December 2016 .

^ Ruthven, Malise (1984). Islam in the World (first ed.). Penguin. p. 317 .

^ Davidson, Lawrence (1998) Islamic Fundamentalism Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn., ISBN 0-313-29978-1 pp. 97–98;

^ Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman Ahmed (1995). "An Islamic Perspective on Organizational Motivation". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences . 12 (2): 185–203. doi : 10.35632/ajis.v12i2.2386 .

^ Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman Ahmed (Fall 1996). "Administrative Efficiency and Effectiveness: An Islamic Perspective". The Islamic Quarterly . 40: 3: 139–154.

^ Jump up to: a b "Toward the Light" in Five Tracts of Hasan Al-Banna , trans. by Charles Wendell (Berkeley, 1978), ISBN 0-520-09584-7 pp. 126f.

^ The Salafist Movement , Frontline (PBS)

^ Mura, Andrea (2014). "The Inclusive Dynamics of Islamic Universalism: From the Vantage Point of Sayyid Qutb's Critical Philosophy" . Comparative Philosophy . 5 (1): 29–54. doi : 10.31979/2151-6014(2014).050106 . ISSN 2151-6014 .

^ "Muslim Brotherhood vs Al Qaeda" 19 January 2010

^ " " MB Chief Criticism" 30 December 2007" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2010.

^ "Profile: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood" . BBC. 25 December 2013 . Retrieved 3 April 2014 .

^ Yusuf, Khalil (27 January 2014). "Does the Muslim Brotherhood still have a role to play in Egypt's revolutionary politics?" . Middle East Monitor . Retrieved 11 October 2017 .

^ Roy, Olivier (1994). The Failure of Political Islam . Harvard University Press. p. 129 . ISBN 9780674291416 . Retrieved 2 April 2015 . The Failure of Political Islam muslim world league.

^ Ehrenfeld, Rachel (2011). "The Muslim Brotherhood Evolution: An Overview". The Journal of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy . 33 (1): 74. doi : 10.1080/10803920.2011.571059 . S2CID 154020323 .

^ Rubin, Barry (2010). The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement . Springer. p. 162. ISBN 9780230106871 .

^ The Future of Political Islam , Graham E. Fuller, Palgrave MacMillan, (2003), p. 138.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Trager, Eric (September–October 2011). "The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood: Grim Prospects for a Liberal Egypt" . Foreign Affairs . Retrieved 21 April 2015 .

^ Rubin, Barry (July 2012). "Understanding the Muslim Brotherhood" . Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013 . Retrieved 21 April 2015 .

^ Another source divides the structure into nuclei, cells, families, and phalanxes (source: Jameelah, Maryam (1980). Shaikh Hassan al Banna and al Ikhwan al Muslimun (2nd ed.). Lahore, Pakistan: Mohammad Ysuf Khan. pp. 16–17. )

^ Jump up to: a b c Mishal Fahm Sulami (2003). The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy Versus the System of Shura . Psychology Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-415-31634-7 . Retrieved 9 December 2012 .

^ Roy, Olivier (1994). The Failure of Political Islam . translator Volk, Carol. Harvard University Press. p. 110 .

^ Marshall, Katherine (2013). Global Institutions of Religion: Ancient Movers, Modern Shakers . Routledge. p. 122. ISBN 9781136673443 . Retrieved 20 April 2015 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Roy, Olivier (1994). The Failure of Political Islam . translator Volk, Carol. Harvard University Press. p. 111 .

^ * Mura, Andrea (2012). "A genealogical inquiry into early Islamism: the discourse of Hasan al-Banna" . Journal of Political Ideologies . 17 (1): 61–85. doi : 10.1080/13569317.2012.644986 . S2CID 144873457 .

^ Jump up to: a b Mitchell, Richard Paul, The Society of the Muslim Brothers , Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 68–69

^ Husaini, Ishak Musa (1956). The Moslem Brethren . Beirut: Khayat's College Book Cooperative. pp. 62–3. [speech by l-Banna]The Brethren understand Islam in its fullest and most comprehensive implications, that it must have supervision over all affairs of individual and collective life and that everything must come under its rule and conform to its teachings. Whoever is a Muslim merely in his worship but imitates the non-believer in all other things is no better than an infidel.

^ Husain, Irfan; Cohen, Stephen P. (2012). Fatal Faultlines: Pakistan, Islam and the West . Arc Manor LLC. p. 60. ISBN 9781604504781 . Retrieved 20 April 2015 .

^ Delanoue, G., "al-Ik̲h̲wānal-Muslimūn", Encyclopaedia of Islam , Brill Publishers

^ Chamieh, Jebran, Traditionalists, Militants and Liberal in Present Islam , Research and Publishing House, 1995, p. 140.

^ THE WORLD AFTER 9/11 : The Muslim Brotherhood In America . The Washington Post .

^ Lia, Brynjar. The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt: The Rise of an Islamic Mass Movement 1928–1942 . Ithaca Press, 2006. p. 53

^ Chamieh, Jebran, Traditionalists, Militants and Liberal in Present Islam , Research and Publishing House, 1995, p.140

^ Wright, Robin, Sacred Rage 1985, p.179

^ Wright, Lawrence (2 June 2008). "The Rebellion Within, An Al Qaeda mastermind questions terrorism" . The New Yorker

^ "أسرار حركة الضباط الأحرار والإخوان المسلمون" . goodreads.com .

^ Commins, David, The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia , I. B. Tauris, 2006, p.152

^ Johnson, Ian (5 February 2011). "Washington's Secret History with the Muslim Brotherhood" . The New York Review of Books . Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. One of the leaders, according to Eisenhower's appointment book, was "The Honorable Saeed Ramahdan, Delegate of the Muslim Brothers".* The person in question (in more standard romanization, Said Ramadan), was the son-in-law of the Brotherhood's founder and at the time widely described as the group's "foreign minister" (He was also the father of the controversial Swiss scholar of Islam, Tariq Ramadan).

^ Kepel, Gilles, Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam , p. 83

^ "ISocial programs bolster appeal of Muslim Brotherhood" . IRIN . Retrieved 27 August 2010 .

^ 'Our Muslim Brothers,' . CounterPunch , 22–24 June 2012.

^ Courtney C. Radsch . "Arab Media & Society" . Arab media society . Retrieved 11 November 2012 .

^ Lynch, Marc (5 March 2007). "Brotherhood of the blog" . The Guardian . London.

^ Jump up to: a b c Traub, James (29 April 2007). "Islamic Democrats?" . The New York Times . Retrieved 6 September 2011

^ "The Brotherhood Goes to Parliament" . Archived from the original on 1 October 2006 . Retrieved 7 June 2017 . Samer Shehata from Georgetown University and Joshua Stacher from the British University in Egypt Middle East Report . Fall 2006. 29 November 2009

^ Fawzi, Sameh (8 December 2005). "Brothers and Others" Archived 20 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine . Al Ahram Weekly . Retrieved 6 September 2011

^ The Brotherhood's Power display Dar Al-Hayat (18 December 2006)

^ Bradley, John R., Inside Egypt: The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution by John R. Bradley, Palgrave MacMillan, 2008, p. 62

^ Bradley, John R., Inside Egypt , Palgrave MacMillan, (p. 65).

^ "Muslim Brotherhood seeks end to Israel treaty" . The Washington Times .

^ "Live Blog: Egypt in Crisis, Day 8" . CBS News . 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.

^ " ' Shariah in Egypt is enough for us,' Muslim Brotherhood leader says" . Hürriyet Daily News . 23 May 2011 . Retrieved 28 November 2012 .

^ Interactive: Full Egypt election results , Al Jazeera, 1 February 2012

^ Souaiaia, Ahmed (26 January 2012). "Egypt and the Islamists" . FPIF . Foreign Policy in Focus . Retrieved 2 June 2012 .

^ Freedom and Justice Party Open to Copt as Deputy , 11 May 2011

^ All Things Considered (19 June 2012). "A Look at Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Candidate" . NPR . Retrieved 11 November 2012 .

^ "Islamic presidential candidate promises democracy in Egypt" . CNN. 15 June 2012. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012.

^ From the organization's 15-member Guidance Council

^ "Brotherhood of Hate: Muslim Brotherhood's Hatred for Jews and Israel Flourishes in "New" Egypt – Introduction" . Anti-Defamation League. 12 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012 . Retrieved 28 November 2012 .

^ Hendawi, Hamza (28 November 2012). "Egyptian courts suspend work to protest Morsi decrees" . Salon . Archived from the original on 9 December 2012 . Retrieved 8 December 2012 .

^ Dina Bishara (28 November 2012). "Egyptian Labor between Morsi and Mubarak" . Foreign Policy . Retrieved 8 December 2012 .

^ El Rashidi, Yasmine (7 February 2013). "Egypt: The Rule of the Brotherhood" . The New York Review of Books . Retrieved 24 September 2013 . The Islamists' TV channels and press called the completion of the draft constitution an "achievement," "historic," "an occasion," "another step toward achieving the goals of the revolution." The independent and opposition press described it as "an Islamist coup."

^ "Egypt's Mursi annuls controversial decree, opposition says not enough" . Al Arabiya. 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012 . Retrieved 9 December 2012 . The two issues – the decree and the referendum – were at the heart of anti-Mursi protests that have rocked Egypt in the past two weeks.

^ Williams, Daniel (15 August 2013). "Muslim Brotherhood abuses continue under Egypt's military" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 27 September 2013 . Retrieved 22 August 2013 .

^ David D. Kirkpatrick (26 April 2012). "President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt Said to Prepare Martial Law Decree" . The New York Times . Egypt . Retrieved 8 December 2012 .

^ McCrumen, Stephanie; Hauslohner, Abigail (5 December 2012). "Egyptians take anti-Morsi protests to presidential palace" . The Independent . London. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015 . Retrieved 5 December 2012 .

^ "Coptic pope's criticism of president marks trend in Egypt, where no one is above the fray" . Associated Press. 9 April 2013 . Retrieved 9 April 2013 . [ dead link ]

^ Hubbard, Ben; Kirkpatrick, David D. (10 July 2013). "Sudden Improvements in Egypt Suggest a Campaign to Undermine Morsi" . The New York Times .

^ Bowen, Jeremy (1 July 2013). "Egypt's army gives parties 48 hours to resolve crisis" . BBC News . Retrieved 5 September 2017 .

^ El Rashidi, Yasmine (26 September 2013). "Egypt: The Misunderstood Agony" . The New York Review of Books . Retrieved 24 September 2013 . ... 3.5 or 33 million Egyptians (the counts vary according to whom you choose to believe) who had taken to the streets on June 30 as part of the Tamarod movement. This protest was a symbolic vote of "no confidence" in President Morsi, urging him to step down, to call early elections, and to hand power to the chief justice in the interim.

^ " Counting crowds: Was Egypt's uprising the biggest ever? ". BBC News. 16 July 2013

^ Protesters across Egypt call for Mohamed Morsi to go| World news . The Guardian .

^ "Top Weekend Links: Millions protest in Egypt to oust Morsi" . MSNBC. (1 July 2013).

^ "Egyptians Want Morsi Removed as Massive Protests Continue in Tahrir Square" . U.S. News & World Report , (1 July 2013).

^ Morsi Supporters Protest In Egypt's Capital . HuffPost .

^ "Egypt blames Morsi supporters for Rabaa massacre" . worldbulletin.net .

^ "Death toll from Egypt violence rises to 638: Health ministry" . Al-Ahram . 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013 . Retrieved 19 August 2013 .

^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (15 August 2013). "Islamists Debate Their Next Move in Tense Cairo" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 17 August 2013 . Retrieved 19 August 2013 .

^ " Memory of a Mass Killing Becomes Another Casualty of Egyptian Protests ". The New York Times . 13 November 2013.

^ Allam, Hisham. "As Egypt Smoulders, Churches Burn" . Inter Press Service . Retrieved 25 September 2013 .

^ Kirkpatrick
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