Muscle Penis
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Original Author(s): Briony Adams Last updated: April 6, 2021
Revisions: 0
The penis is an external organ of the male reproductive system. It has two main functions:
In this article, we will look at the functions and structure of the penis and how these give rise to certain clinical conditions.
Note: In the anatomical position the penis is erect, so the dorsal side is that closest to the abdomen and the ventral side is closest to the testes.
The penis can be anatomically divided into three parts:
Fig 1 – The three parts of the penis.
The erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal, producing an erection . The root and body of the penis are spanned by three masses of erectile tissue.
In the root, these tissues are known as the left and right crura , and the bulb of the penis . The bulb is situated in the midline of the penile root, and is traversed by the urethra. The left and right crura are located laterally; attached to the ipsilateral ischial ramus, and covered by the paired ischiocavernosal muscles.
The erectile tissues continue into the body of the penis. The left and right crura continue anteriorly into the dorsal part of the penis – they form the two corpora cavernosa . They are separated by the septum of the penis, although often incompletely. The bulb forms the corpus spongiosum , which lies ventrally. The male urethra runs through the corpus spongiosum – to prevent it becoming occluded during erection the corpus spongiosum fills to a reduced pressure.
Distally, the corpus spongiosum expands to form the glans penis .
Fig 2 – The erectile tissues of the penis.
There are four muscles located in the root of the penis:
Each mass of erectile tissue has two fascial coverings. The most superficial layer, immediately under the skin, is the external fascia of Colles (which is in continuity with the fascia of Scarpa which covers the abdominal wall).
A deeper stratum is the deep fascia of the penis (also known as Buck’s fascia ). This is a continuation of the deep perineal fascia, and forms a strong membranous covering which holds all three erectile tissues together.
Underneath the deep fascia is the strong fascia called tunica albuginea , forming an individual capsule around each cavernous body and fused in the midline. The incomplete septum between the two corpora is comprised of tunica albuginea.
The root of the penis is supported by two ligaments, which attach it to the surrounding structures:
The skin of the penis is more heavily pigmented than that of the rest of the body. It is connected to the underlying fascias by loose connective tissue.
The prepuce (foreskin) is a double layer of skin and fascia, located at the neck of the glans. It covers the glans to a variable extent. The prepuce is connected to the surface of the glans by the frenulum, a median fold of skin on the ventral surface of the penis. The potential space between the glans and prepuce is termed the preputial sac .
Fig 3 – The penis with the prepuce retracted in order to reveal the glans. Note the skin fold of the frenulum (arrow).
The penis receives arterial supply from three sources:
These arteries are all branches of the internal pudendal artery . This vessel arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery .
Venous blood is drained from the penis by paired veins. The cavernous spaces are drained by the deep dorsal vein of the penis – this empties into the prostatic venous plexus. The superficial dorsal veins drain the superficial structures of the penis, such as the skin and cutaneous tissues.
Fig 4 – Arterial supply to the penis.
The penis is supplied by S2-S4 spinal cord segments and spinal ganglia.
Sensory and sympathetic innervation to the skin and glans penis is supplied by the dorsal nerve of the penis, a branch of the pudendal nerve .
Parasympathetic innervation is carried by cavernous nerves from the peri-prostatic nerve plexus , and is responsible for the vascular changes which cause erection.
Phimosis is a condition where the prepuce fits tightly over the glans and cannot be retracted. This condition may be congenital, but may also arise later in life due to inflammation and contraction of the preputial skin. It may cause local irritation due to accumulation of smegma (oily secretions produced by the penile skin) or even predispose to infections.
The main disadvantage is the inability to apply local hygiene – untreated phimosis is even related to penile carcinoma .
Fig 5 – Phimosis of the penis, where the foreskin cannot be retracted.
Paraphimosis is an acute condition that occurs when a tight prepuce is left retracted under the glans: this may cause oedema of the soft prepuce and further strangulation occurs.
Erectile dysfunction is the inability to maintain an erection. It is a common condition, which may result from a number of causes, most commonly of a vascular aetiology (such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking or diabetes). Psychological causes include anxiety and depression.
Treatment is based on the aetiology. Most commonly used medications include PDE5 inhibitors, which inactivate the enzyme phosphodiesterase 5 at the corpora cavernosa level, relaxing the smooth muscle fibres of the corpora and the vessels. In this way, an improved arterial flow is achieved.
Priapism is a serious condition where erection persists beyond or without sexual stimulation. It is almost always painful and results from blood becoming trapped in the erectile bodies, with no arterial flow.
Priapism that persists for more than four hours is a medical emergency : if left untreated, it may lead to corporal scarring and permanent erectile dysfunction.
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Home Articles The Penis is a Muscle!
“The important role of corpora cavernosal smooth muscle in potency has been known since Goldstein et al reported the first examination of erectile tissue. Normal smooth muscle content and function are necessary for the initiation and maintenance of erection. Published reports suggest that the average penis smooth muscle percent is between 40% and 50% . Our unpublished data confirm this rate with the finding of an incidence of smooth muscle of about 49% in normal potent males in the general population. In contrast, patients with veno-occlusive dysfunction show a much lower percent on microscopic examination. A prior study suggested that these patients have a smooth muscle percent of 10% to 36% .
Here is what Dr. Christ had to say about the penis’s smooth muscle: Complete smooth muscle relaxation is both necessary and sufficient to elicit an erection.
Rob Michaels is the founder of PEGym.com. Rob is a male enhancement expert and author of Penis Exercises: A Healthy Book for Enlargement, Enhancement, Hardness, & Health. He has spent more than a decade researching male enhancement techniques, reviewing products and developing a program that can actually help men reach their male enhancement goals.
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Think the little guy isn’t made of muscle? Think again.
Every man, I would presume, wonders if he can enlarge his penis at some point in his life. Many men think about it much more than others. I myself am curious by nature, so I always wondered how this magnificent organ between my leg works. It wasn’t long before I too wondered if the penis could enlarge.
Several years ago, I was told the answer was no. “ Penis enlargement is impossible,” I was informed by a famous internet doctor. He also claimed the penis in no way resembles a muscle, and therefore penis enlargement through penile exercising is out of the question. Like so many other confused men, I took the doctor’s opinion and accepted it as fact.
Test your penis knowledge in our quiz:
How Much Do You Know About the Penis?
Eventually, I learned the truth: the doctor was full of more shit (and perhaps confusion) than all the stables in Georgia. The fact is: penis enlargement is very real.
Yes, penile exercising works. However, no one knows exactly how penis enlargement works. Does it work by stretching the tissue? Does it create more cells in the penis or enlarge the cells already there? Does it work by creating scar tissue (which is clearly improbable, but still a question that many men ask)? Moreover, how do the exercises really work?
Theoretically, you apply stress to a tissue and it gradually gets bigger overtime. Many men and women have done this to their earlobes, for example. But the penis is much more complex than earlobes.
The penis has a deep, important function. It has to go from flaccid to erect; it has to urine; it has to give you pleasure; and most importantly, it has to discharge semen so you can pass on your genes (although, many men will argue that the former is the more important).
Regardless, your penis is much more complex than your earlobes. The earlobes have no biological function and are largely just made of fat tissue. The penis, on the other hand, is made of several different tissues that are essential to the proper functioning of the penis. If you damage these tissues then the penis won’t work–period.
With that in mind, how do penile exercises enlarge the penis without doing any damage to it? Stretching your earlobe clearly damages it, so why is the penis different? We know that penile exercising doesn’t damage the penis because thousands of men report that it makes their erections stronger and harder–a clear indication that penile exercising is healthy.
In fact, I did a penis enlargement survey of nearly 1000 penile exercisers in the summer of 2005, and the majority of men reported stronger and harder erections due to penis enlargement exercises . Less than 1 percent of men reported weaker erections (and these few men were overtraining, I would presume).
All of this evidence brings about more questions. How is this possible? How does stretching and squeezing the penis not only cause it to enlarge, but also makes the penis healthier? For over a year, these questions racked my brain like the fact that Britney Spears married K-Fed (really, what was she thinking?). In any event, there was only one type of tissue that I knew of that could enlarge, harden, and become healthier with exercise–and that’s muscle.
Science truly is mysterious. Even scientific facts aren’t always fact. But like many scientists, I follow the evidence, at least to the best of my abilities, to wherever it takes me. . . And I was awestruck when I found my answer. . . .
I was rather dumbfounded when I learned that the penis truly is a muscle — not completely muscle, and not a normal muscle — but approximately 50 percent smooth muscle. In February in 2004, the Journal of Urology reported the amount of penile smooth muscle in the article, Sildenafil preserves intracorporeal smooth muscle after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Here is a segment of the authors’ findings:
The article confirms that the penis is in fact part muscle. For more confirmation, see the references located at the end of this article.
But what exactly is smooth muscle? And more importantly, what’s its role in the penis? Well, there are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle, which is the muscles you exercise when you go to the gym; cardiac muscle, which is your heart; and smooth muscle, which is found in organs and blood vessels. All muscle contains actin and myosin, which are important for muscle relaxation and growth. The penis largely consists of smooth muscle (as a side note, the base of the penis also consists of skeletal muscles known as your pelvic floor muscles).
Smooth muscle is extremely important for vital erections. As noted in the Journal of Urology article above, “Normal smooth muscle content and function are necessary for the initiation and maintenance of erection.”
To that end, the health of your penis muscle literally defines the health of your erections! This is well documented in another article by Dr. George J. Christ, which was published in The Urologic Clinics of North America : The penis as a vascular organ: The importance of corporal smooth muscle tone in the control of erection.
In his article, Christ went over (in detail, down to the chemistry) the smooth muscle’s role in the penis. The bottom line: smooth muscle is very, very important for proper erections . The smooth muscle causes an erection (which is set off through chemical reactions) by completely relaxing.
An erection cannot take place if the smooth muscle cannot completely relax. . . . Accordingly, the smooth muscle is not only important for an erection; it is the erection!
How does smooth muscle tie into penile exercising ? Well, considering the fact that penile exercising makes erections stronger, harder, and longer-lasting, it would make sense that penile exercising either creates more smooth muscle cells or causes the smooth muscles cells to grow. Furthermore, for the penis to enlarge, the smooth muscle must enlarge too. Also, because the penis is compromised of 50 percent smooth muscle, and smooth muscle has a lot of the basic properties of skeletal muscle, we can presume that smooth muscle might react to stress the same way normal muscle does .
Which is a no brainer! What are we doing here? Exercising! Moreover, nearly every single guideline we have is based off body-building/exercising/weightlifting concepts in one way or another. Think about it: Bib, presumably one of the biggest gainers of penile exercising, used a weightlifting concept known as “progressive overload.”
Peter Dick, another big gainer uses a common weightlifting program known as “muscle confusion” (in which he keeps his penis guessing, so it doesn’t adapt). And more recently, we are realizing that cyclic training using deconditioning breaks helps us keep the penis in a responsive state. And cyclic training is a popular weightlifting principle (if not the biggest).
There is a difference between gym exercising and penile exercising, though. When gym exercising, the gains are temporary. Meaning, if you quit gym exercising, then the gains go away. Penile exercising gains, on the other hand, are often permanent. And the permanency of penile exercising might be due to the smooth muscle . Think about it like this: the smooth muscle in the penis is exercised when we Jelq , stretch, and incorporate other exercises. These exercises take the penis (and the smooth muscle) beyond it’s normal threshold. But what is the normal threshold? An erection. Masturbation, sex, and anything that involves an erection is exercise too. It’s typically just not enough to cause growth. But it many instances, it’s enough exercise to keep the gains permanent once they’ve already been cemented.
Either way, the penis is an extraordinary organ and penile exercising is an extraordinary process. No one is for certain how penis enlargement works, but it is probably much more simple than we think. By taking conventional wisdom ( we know that muscle grows due to exercise ) and comparing it to scientific facts ( the penis is 50 percent smooth muscle and smooth muscle also grows due to stress ) we can presume that the smooth muscle of the penis plays a key role in penis enlargement.
There are several safe and effective devices you can use to exercise the muscle tissue of the penis, making it stronger, harder, longer, and thicker. Here are some of our favorite. Click on each link to learn more about each device:
And, once you’ve become a more experienced penis exerciser, penis hanging can really take you to the next level. Check out our favorite hanger:
The Phallosan is a revolutionary penis extender that harnesses vacuum power to provide lasting results. The medically-backed extender is easy to use, comfortable, and supported by clinical studies as well as 1,000’s of users. Our official Phallosan has been proven in clinical studies to add inches to the penis, fix penis curvature, and improve erection quality.
https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/the-male-reproductive-system/penis/
https://www.pegym.com/articles/penis-muscle
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Muscle Penis
