Muscle Penis

Muscle Penis




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https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/the-male-reproductive-system/penis
Перевести · 06.04.2021 · Muscles. There are four muscles located in the root of the penis: Bulbospongiosus (x2) …
https://www.pegym.com/articles/penis-muscle
Перевести · The Penis is a Muscle! - PEGym -. Despite what you may read on the Internet, the penis is muscle — not completely muscle, and not a normal muscle, but approximately 50 percent smooth muscle. Despite what you may read on the Internet, the penis is muscle — not completely muscle, and not a normal muscle, but approximately 50 percent smooth muscle.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02810.x
Перевести · 02.01.2013 · Bulbospongiosus muscle in the human penis. (A) This is an image of the junction (silk suture) between the pendulous and crural portions. Note that the anterior fibers of the bulbospongiosus muscle (white arrow) are conspicuous. The distal portion of the ischiocavernosus muscle …
https://www.sizextender.com/is-the-penis-a-muscle
Перевести · The penis is supported, and tissues, nerves and arteries help the penis function. Even the smooth muscle plays an important role in the function of the penis. Daily exercise or stretches of the penile tissue …
https://www.druid-project.eu/penis-muscle
Перевести · 01.10.2020 · Mais le pénis est-il un muscle ? La réponse est non, le sexe n’est pas d’origine musculaire. Cependant, il est possible de renforcer son pénis avec quelques exercices. Le pénis n’est pas un muscle. …
https://www.muscleandfitness.com/women/sex-tips/can-you-strengthen-your-penis
Перевести · 15.02.2016 · Your penis may not be a muscle, but it is surrounded by muscles, which are collectively called the pelvic floor muscles. And you can strengthen these muscles with Kegel exercises (no, Kegels are not just for women). Kegel exercises are simple contractions of the pelvic floor muscles.
https://www.loyalmd.com/penis-flexing
Перевести · 23.10.2017 · The Best Penis Flexing Exercises Locate Your Pelvic Floor Muscles. For many people, the hardest part of doing Kegels is properly locating the correct... Practice Tensing and Releasing Them. Spend some time slowly tensing and releasing the pelvic floor muscles. …
https://www.verywellhealth.com/penis-anatomy-4777189
Anatomy
Function
Associated Conditions
Tests
The penis is centrally located on the front aspect of the body at the base of the pelvis. The scrotum, containing the testes, lies below the penis, and is a separate structure. There are several major structures of the penis:1 1. The penile urethra runs through the center of the penis and up to the bladder. Ur…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis
Urination
In males the expulsion of urine from the body is done through the penis. The urethra drains the bladder through the prostate gland where it is joined by the ejaculatory duct, and then onward to the penis. At the root of the penis (the proximal end of the corpus spongiosum) lies the external sphincter muscle. This is a small sphincter of striated muscle tissueand is in healthy males under voluntary control. Relaxing the urethra sphincter allows the urine in the upper urethra to ente…
Urination
In males the expulsion of urine from the body is done through the penis. The urethra drains the bladder through the prostate gland where it is joined by the ejaculatory duct, and then onward to the penis. At the root of the penis (the proximal end of the corpus spongiosum) lies the external sphincter muscle. This is a small sphincter of striated muscle tissue and is in healthy males under voluntary control. Relaxing the urethra sphincter allows the urine in the upper urethra to enter the penis properly and thus empty the urinary bladder.

Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. In infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury, urination may occur as an involuntary reflex. Brain centers that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex. During erection, these centers block the relaxation of the sphincter muscles, so as to act as a physiological separation of the excretory and reproductive function of the penis, and preventing urine from entering the upper portion of the urethra during ejaculation.

Voiding position
The distal section of the urethra allows a human male to direct the stream of urine by holding the penis. This flexibility allows the male to choose the posture in which to urinate. In cultures where more than a minimum of clothing is worn, the penis allows the male to urinate while standing without removing much of the clothing. It is customary for some boys and men to urinate in seated or crouched positions. The preferred position may be influenced by cultural or religious beliefs. Research on the medical superiority of either position exists, but the data are heterogenic. A meta-analysis summarizing the evidence found no superior position for young, healthy males. For elderly males with LUTS, however, the sitting position when compared to the standing position is differentiated by the following:
• the post void residual volume (PVR, ml) was significantly decreased
• the maximum urinary flow (Qmax, ml/s) was increased
• the voiding time (VT, s) was decreased

This urodynamic profile is related to a lower risk of urologic complications, such as cystitis and bladder stones.

Erection
An erection is the stiffening and rising of the penis, which occurs during sexual arousal, though it can also happen in non-sexual situations. Spontaneous erections frequently occur during adolescence due to friction with clothing, a full bladder or large intestine, hormone fluctuations, nervousness, and undressing in a nonsexual situation. It is also normal for erections to occur during sleep and upon waking. (See nocturnal penile tumescence.) The primary physiological mechanism that brings about erection is the autonomic dilation of arteries supplying blood to the penis, which allows more blood to fill the three spongy erectile tissue chambers in the penis, causing it to lengthen and stiffen. The now-engorged erectile tissue presses against and constricts the veins that carry blood away from the penis. More blood enters than leaves the penis until an equilibrium is reached where an equal volume of blood flows into the dilated arteries and out of the constricted veins; a constant erectile size is achieved at this equilibrium. The scrotum will usually tighten during erection.

Erection facilitates sexual intercourse though it is not essential for various other sexual activities.

Erection angle
Although many erect penises point upwards (see illustration), it is common and normal for the erect penis to point nearly vertically upwards or nearly vertically downwards or even horizontally straight forward, all depending on the tension of the suspensory ligament that holds it in position.

The following table shows how common various erection angles are for a standing male, out of a sample of 1,564 males aged 20 through 69. In the table, zero degrees is pointing straight up against the abdomen, 90 degrees is horizontal and pointing straight forward, while 180 degrees would be pointing straight down to the feet. An upward pointing angle is most common.

Ejaculation
Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. A series of muscular contractions delivers semen, containing male gametes known as sperm cells or spermatozoa, from the penis. It is usually the result of sexual stimulation. Rarely, it is due to prostatic disease. Ejaculation may occur spontaneously during sleep (known as a nocturnal emission or wet dream). Anejaculation is the condition of being unable to ejaculate.

Ejaculation has two phases: emission and ejaculation proper. The emission phase of the ejaculatory reflex is under control of the sympathetic nervous system, while the ejaculatory phase is under control of a spinal reflex at the level of the spinal nerves S2–4 via the pudendal nerve. A refractory period succeeds the ejaculation, and sexual stimulation precedes it.
Benefits
How Penile Exercise Works?
Types of Exercises
Pumps and Extenders
Frequently Asked Questions
To understand how a penile workout works, we need to learn first about spongy tissues and smooth muscles of the penis (source). 1. The penis has three chambers of spongy tissues: two corpus cavernosa which run along the sides of the shaft, and a single corpus spongiosum which lies on the underside of the penis. When you’re aroused and having an erection, these tissues are being filled with blood to full capacity. 2. In addition to spong…
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Microsurgical Potency Reconstruction Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Microsurgical Potency Reconstruction Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Microsurgical Potency Reconstruction Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Microsurgical Potency Reconstruction Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Microsurgical Potency Reconstruction Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the anatomy of the ischiocavernosus muscle, bulbospongiosus muscle, and tunica albuginea and to determine their relationships to smooth muscle, which is a key element of penile sinusoids, we performed cadaveric dissection and histologic examinations of 35 adult human male cadavers. The tunica of the corpora cavernosa is a bilayered structure that can be divided into an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. The outer longitudinal layer is an incomplete coat that is absent between the 5‐o'clock and 7‐o'clock positions where 2 triangular ligamentous structures form. These structures, termed the ventral thickening, are a continuation of the anterior fibers of the left and right bulbospongiosus muscles. On the dorsal aspect, between the 1‐o'clock and 11‐o'clock positions, is a region called the dorsal thickening, a radiating aspect of the bilateral ischiocavernosus muscles. In the corpora cavernosa, skeletal muscle contains and supports smooth muscle, which is an essential element in the sinusoids. This relationship plays an important part in the blood vessels' ability to supply the blood to meet the requirements for erection, whereas in the corpus spongiosum, skeletal muscle partially entraps the smooth muscle to allow ejaculation when erect. In the glans penis, however, the distal ligament, a continuation of the outer longitudinal layer of the tunica, is arranged centrally and acts as a trunk of the glans penis. Without this strong ligament, the glans would be too weak to bear the buckling pressure generated during coitus. A significant difference exists in the thickness of the dorsal thickening, the ventral thickening, and the distal ligament between the potent and impotent groups (P ≤ .01). Together, the anatomic relationships between skeletal muscle and smooth muscle within the human penis explain many physiologic phenomena, such as erection, ejaculation, the intracavernous pressure surge during ejaculation, and the pull‐back force against the glans penis during anal constriction. This improvement in the modeling of the anatomic‐physiologic relationship between these structures has clinical implications for penile surgeries.
In 1992, we explored the 3‐dimensional structure of the human tunica albuginea and, through the use of gross and microscopic dissection and study with light and electron microscopy, reported it to be a bilayered structure with multiple sublayers (Hsu et al, 1992). The inner circular layer is circumferentially uniform, and the intracavernosal pillars are an extension of this structure. The outer longitudinal layer, however, varies in thickness as well as in the distribution of collagen bundles, which condense to form the ventral thickening at the 5‐o'clock and 7‐o'clock positions. The dorsal thickening is conspicuous between the 1‐o'clock and 11‐o'clock positions (Hsu et al, 1994; Brock et al, 1997). Why and how these thick ligamentous structures form remain unanswered.
Concerning the bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and perineal muscles, the literature appears to be in general agreement (Gray, 1989; Putz and Pabsteds, 2001). The bulbospongiosus muscle has anterior, middle, and posterior fibers. The anterior fibers radiate over the side of the corpus cavernosum and insert partially into it. They contribute to penile erection by compressing the deep dorsal vein of the penis. The middle fibers encircle the bulb and adjacent parts of the corpus spongiosum and assist in erection of the spongiosum by compressing the erectile tissues of the bulb (Wespes et al, 1990; Shafik, 1995). The ischiocavernosus muscle is paired with and compressed to the crus penis, retarding the return of blood through the veins to assist in maintaining an erection (Lavoisier et al, 1988; Claes et al, 1996; Kawanishi et al, 2001).
Although recent advances in our knowledge of penile erection have been remarkable (Lue, 2000), the relationships among the outer layer of the tunica albuginea and the above muscles have not been elucidated. Moreover, the obscurity of the relationship between skeletal and smooth muscles prompted us to perform further studies with the ultimate goal of improving anatomic knowledge, which, in turn, can provide a foundation for penile surgery.
From November 1997 to March 2003, the penises of adult male cadavers were studied. Their medical histories were reviewed, and those who sustained a disease directly involving the exogenitalia were excluded from this study. Thirty‐five case‐patients, ranging in age from 23 to 93 years (average, 66.3 ± 16.2 years), were included in the study. The underlying causes of death included 13 of coronary artery diseases, 7 of hepatoma, 6 of lung cancer, 3 of brain tumor, 2 of lymphoma, 2 of pancreatic cancer, and 2 young suicides.
Six young cadavers of sexually active men, classified as the potent group, were used for the dissection of the ischiocavernosus muscle, bulbospongiosus muscle, perineal muscle, levator ani, and periosteum of the pubic angle. Among the remaining 29 cadavers, classified as the impotent group, 7 were used to investigate the structure of the pendulous portion.
Under a dissecting microscope, the muscle configuration and relationship with the tunica albuginea were observed, and each muscle was dissected, bundle by bundle, until the proximal end was encountered (Figure 1). In 11 cadavers, serial cross sections at 2.5‐cm intervals were taken from the tip of the penis continuing proximally until a complete septum was encountered. Each cut surface was examined for tunical thickness at specific locations (eg, 5 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 12 o'clock), the inner and outer layers were defined, and distributions of the intracavernosal fibrous structures (pillars) were detailed. Measurement was made of the dorsal thickening as well as of the distal ligament and the ventral thickening. Statistically, the Student's t test was applied whenever necessary. The components of the tunica were stripped off bundle by bundle to determine its interactions with other structures. A sagittal section was made on the tissue block of the glanular penis. Finally, penile tissue from 11 cadavers was used for histologic examination in which hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and orcein stains were used.
The bulbospongiosus muscle (Figure 1A), a bipinnate muscle, arises from the perineal body. The most posterior fibers form a thin layer and join the urogenital diaphragm. The middle fibers originate from the median raphe and encircle the proximal part of the corpus spongiosum; on its ventral surface, conspicuous fleshy fibers aggregate. The anterior fibers (Figure 1B) partially radiate to encircle the corpus cavernosum and mostly insert into the ventral thickening (Figure 1C) of the tunica.
The ischiocavernosus (Figure 1A) muscle is paired with and situated at the lateral boundary of the perineum. It arises from the ischial tuberosity and divides into ventral and dorsal fibers. The ventral fibers (Figure 2A) are shorter, have a shiny appearance, and run along the medial border of each crus. These fibers continue with the outer longitudinal collagen bundles of the tunica albuginea. The dorsal fibers run along the lateral border of each crus between the crus and the periosteum of the ischial border. Some muscle fibers that arise from the inner surface of the pubis and ischium join these long, fleshy fibers as they run along the crus. They then insert into the outer longitudinal collagen bundles of the tunica. At the penile crus, both the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles encircle their corresponding corpus. Where the 3 bodies are not in close contact, fleshy fibers are conspicuous; where the 3 bodies are in direct contact, the structure between them is thin and tendinous. This tissue was further confirmed as skeletal muscle, because histologic staining showed the striations that are unique to skeletal muscle (Figure 2A).
At the junction between the pendulous and crural portions, ventral thickening and dorsal thickening are obvious. The ventral thickening predominates and forms the borders of the ventral groove that houses the corpus spongiosum, whereas the dorsal thickening begins to form a concave dorsal groove that houses the deep dorsal vein trunk. Progressing distally, the dorsal thickening becomes conspicuous, groups into the glans penis, and forms the di
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