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Volume 712 , 10 April 2020 , 135612
2022, Science of the Total Environment
2022, Science of the Total Environment
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94, 2017, pp. 344-350
Journal of Process Control, Volume 22, Issue 9, 2012, pp. 1755-1761
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 81, Part 1, 2018, pp. 292-305
MFCs-based biosensor is an innovative technology for wastewater quality detection.
No transducer is needed for MFC-based biosensors to read and convert the signal.
MFCs sensor's limitations are sensitivity, irreproducibility, labor scaling and stability.
Future research on improving electrodes' material and configurations is essential.
Recently, the application of the microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensor for rapid and real-time monitoring wastewater quality is very innovative due to its simple compact design, disposability, and cost-effectiveness. This review represents recent advances in this emerging technology for the management of wastewater quality, where the emphasis is on biochemical oxygen demand, toxicity, and other environmental applications. In addition, the main challenges of this technology are discussed, followed by proposing possible solutions to those challenges based on the existing knowledge of detection principles and signal processing. Potential future research of MFC-based biosensor has been demonstrated in this review.
Quantitative analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is critical for the monitoring, control and optimization of biological processes. However, commonly used detection techniques such as titration and chromatography are too complex, time-consuming or costly, making them not optimal for industrial applications. Biosensors, which can directly convert chemical energy stored in organics into electrical signals, have emerged as an attractive alternative for VFA measurements. They are simple, sensitive and low-cost, and have shown great potential for online monitoring. Among them, the electroactive biofilm (EAB)-based sensor is the most adopted. Based on a summary of the frontiers in EAB sensor development, direct/indirect contact of biofilm with VFA in tests can largely determine their performance. Various applications can illustrate the feasibility of such biosensors for off- or on-line VFA monitoring in different biological processes. These remarkable progresses have been made in recent years, but they are still facing several challenges that need to be addressed for field applications. Microbial analysis of EAB, introduction of machine learning, and optimization of biosensor design and operation will be interesting for future studies. This review can provide guidelines and references for the research, development and application of EAB sensors for online VFA monitoring.
This research explores the possibilities of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell as a biosensor to measure Bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater. BPA is an organic compound and is considered to be an endocrine disruptor, affecting exposed organisms, the environment, and human health. The performance of the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was first controlled with specific operational conditions (pH, temperature, fuel feeding rate, and organic loading rate) to obtain the best accuracy of the sensor signal. After that, BPA concentrations varying from 50 to 1000 μg L −1 were examined under the biosensor's cell voltage generation. The outcome illustrates that MFC generates the most power under the best possible conditions of neutral pH, 300 mg L −1 of COD, R 1000 Ω, and ambient temperature. In general, adding BPA improved the biosensor's cell voltage generation. A slight linear trend between voltage output generation and BPA concentration was observed with R 2 0.96, which indicated that BPA in this particular concentration range did not real harm to the MFC's electrogenic bacteria. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed a better cover biofilm after BPA injection on the surface electrode compared to it without BPA. These results confirmed that electroactive biofilm-based MFCs can serve to detect BPA found in wastewaters.
Electrochemically active biofilms (EABs) are formed by electroactive bacteria capable of exchanging electrons with electrodes. EABs have been employed as bio-elements in bioelectrochemical sensors which sense analytes of interest by converting metabolic changes to easily detectable electrical signals. Although EAB-enabled biosensors have shown promise in environmental applications, such as water quality monitoring, their most perceived practical applications are limited by low sensitivity, low specificity and short-term stability. Engineering EABs could be an effective strategy to improve the performance of EAB-enabled biosensors. In this review, we briefly introduce EAB with the focus on its extracellular electron transfer, development and matrix, as well as EAB-enabled biosensors including their general principle and potential applications. We then discuss key limitations of EAB-enabled biosensors and the opportunities that biofilm engineering may provide to address these limitations.
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a relatively new arena for producing bioelectricity, desalinating sea water, and treating industrial effluents by removing organic matter. Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are promising for obtaining value-added products during simultaneous remediation of pollutants from wastewater. The search for more affordable desalination technology has led to the development of microbial desalination cells (MDCs). MDC combines the operation of microbial fuel cells (MFC) with electrodialysis for water desalination and energy generation. It has received notable interest of researchers in desalination and wastewater treatment because of low energy requirement and eco-friendly nature. Firstly, this article provides a brief overview of MDC technology. Secondly, factors affecting functioning of MDC and its applications have been accentuated. Additionally, challenges and future outlook on the development of this technology have been delineated. State-of-the-art information provided in this review would expand the scope of interdisciplinary and translational research.
Bio-electrochemical systems, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), serve as greener alternatives to conventional fuel energy. Despite the burgeoning review works on MFCs, comprehensive discussions are lacking on MFC designs and applications. This review paper provides insights into MFC applications, substrates used in MFC and the various design, technological, and chemical factors affecting MFC performance. MFCs have demonstrated efficacy in wastewater treatment of at least 50% and up to 98%. MFCs have been reported to produce ∼30 W/m 2 electricity and ∼1 m 3 /d of biohydrogen, depending on the design and feedstock. Electricity generation rates of up to 5.04 mW/m −2 –3.6 mW/m −2 , 75–513 mW/m −2 , and 135.4 mW/m −2 have been found for SCMFCs, double chamber MFCs, and stacked MFCs with the highest being produced by the single/hybrid single-chamber type using microalgae. Hybrid MFCs may emerge as financially promising technologies worth investigating due to their low operational costs, integrating low-cost proton exchange membranes such as PVA-Nafion-borosilicate, and electrodes made of natural materials, carbon, metal, and ceramic. MFCs are mostly used in laboratories due to their low power output and the difficulties in assessing the economic feasibility of the technology. The MFCs can generate incomes of as much as $2,498.77 × 10 −2 /(W/m 2 ) annually through wastewater treatment and energy generation alone. The field application of MFC technology is also narrow due to its microbiological, electrochemical, and technological limitations, exacerbated by the gap in knowledge between laboratory and commercial-scale applications. Further research into novel and economically feasible electrode and membrane materials, the improvement of electrogenicity of the microbes used, and the potential of hybrid MFCs will provide opportunities to launch MFCs from the laboratory to the commercial-scale as a bid to improve the global energy security in an eco-friendly way.
Microbial fuel cells are biochemical factories which besides recycling wastewater are electricity generators, if their low power density can be scaled up. This also adds up to work on many factors responsible to increase the cost of running a microbial fuel cell. As a result, the first step is to use environment friendly dead organic algae biomass or even living algae cells in a microbial fuel cell, also referred to as microalgal microbial fuel cells. This can be a techno-economic aspect not only for treating textile wastewater but also an economical way of obtaining value added products and bioelectricity from microalgae. Besides treating wastewater, microalgae in its either form plays an essential role in treating dyes present in wastewater which essentially include azo dyes rich in synthetic ions and heavy metals. Microalgae require these metals as part of their metabolism and hence consume them throughout the integration process in a microbial fuel cell. In this review a detail plan is laid to discuss the treatment of industrial effluents (rich in toxic dyes) employing microbial fuel cells. Efforts have been made by researchers to treat dyes using microbial fuel cell alone or in combination with catalysts, nanomaterials and microalgae have also been included. This review therefore discusses impact of microbial fuel cells in treating wastewater rich in textile dyes its limitations and future aspects.
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Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ScienceDirect® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.
ScienceDirect® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.

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