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Key People:

Anna Jarvis

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Related Topics:

United States
Father’s Day
holiday
May
mother

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Mother’s Day is celebrated in the United States on the second Sunday in May.
Anna Jarvis originated Mother’s Day when, on May 12, 1907, she held a memorial service at her late mother’s church in Grafton, West Virginia. Her mother had organized women’s groups to promote friendship and health. Within five years virtually every state was observing the day, and in 1914 U.S. President Woodrow Wilson made it a national holiday.
Jarvis, who died in 1948, spent the last years of her life trying to abolish the holiday, as a protest against its commercialization.
Mother’s Day , holiday in honour of mothers that is celebrated in countries throughout the world. In its modern form the holiday originated in the United States , where it is observed on the second Sunday in May. Many other countries also celebrate the holiday on this date, while some mark the observance at other times of the year. During the Middle Ages the custom developed of allowing those who had moved away to visit their home parishes and their mothers on Laetare Sunday , the fourth Sunday of Lent . This became Mothering Sunday in Britain , where it continued into modern times, although it has largely been replaced by Mother’s Day.
Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia , whose mother had organized women’s groups to promote friendship and health, originated Mother’s Day. On May 12, 1907, she held a memorial service at her late mother’s church in Grafton , West Virginia . Within five years virtually every state was observing the day, and in 1914 U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson made it a national holiday. Although Jarvis had promoted the wearing of a white carnation as a tribute to one’s mother, the custom developed of wearing a red or pink carnation to represent a living mother or a white carnation for a mother who was deceased. Over time the day was expanded to include others, such as grandmothers and aunts, who played mothering roles. What had originally been primarily a day of honour became associated with the sending of cards and the giving of gifts, however, and, in protest against its commercialization, Jarvis spent the last years of her life trying to abolish the holiday she had brought into being.
Festivals honouring mothers and mother goddesses date to ancient times. The Phrygians held a festival for Cybele, the Great Mother of the Gods , as did the Greeks for the goddess Rhea . Likewise, the Romans adapted the practice to their own pantheon . Some countries have continued to observe ancient festivals; for example, Durga-puja, honouring the goddess Durga , remains an important festival in India .

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Examples of handmade Mother's Day gifts

^ Jump up to: a b c J. Ellsworth Kalas (October 19, 2009). Preaching the Calendar: Celebrating Holidays and Holy Days . Westminster John Knox Press . ISBN 9780664227142 . Church attendance on this day is likely to be third only to Christmas Eve and Easter. Some worshipers still celebrate with carnations, colored if the mother is living and white if she is deceased.

^ O'Reilly, Andrea (April 6, 2010). Encyclopedia of Motherhood . Sage Publications (CA). p. 602 . ISBN 978-1-4522-6629-9 . She organized the first official Mother's Day service at Andrews Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia, on the morning of May 10, 1908. That same afternoon, 15,000 people attended a Mother's Day service at the Wanamaker Store Auditorium in Philadelphia, which she also organized. Jarvis chose the second Sunday in May for Mother's Day to mark the anniversary of her mother's death and selected her mother's favorite flower, the white carnation, as the day's official emblem.

^ O'Reilly, Andrea (2010). Encyclopedia of Motherhood . Sage Publications. p. 972. ISBN 978-1452266299 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Virginia Bernhard (2002). "Mother's Day" . In Joseph M. Hawes, Elizabeth F. Shores (ed.). The family in America: an encyclopedia (3, illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO . p. 714. ISBN 978-1-57607-232-5 .

^ Larossa, 1997 p. 172

^ Jump up to: a b c Leigh, p. 252

^ The First Anniversary of 'Mother's Day'", The New York Times , June 3, 1874, p. 8: "'Mother's Day,' which was inaugurated in this city on the 2nd of June, 1872, by Mrs. Julia Ward Howards[sic], was celebrated last night at Plimpton Hall by a mother's peace meeting..."

^ Julia Ward Howe's Mother's Day for Peace , about.com

^ Mother's Day from "Albion's Historical Markers", maintained by an Albion, Michigan business

^ Jump up to: a b c "The Father of Mother's Day | Notre Dame Archives News & Notes" . www.archives.nd.edu . May 6, 2011 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 .

^ "Fraternal Order of Eagles: The History of Mother's Day" . Archived from the original on April 15, 2008 . Retrieved January 26, 2008 .

^ Leigh, p. 253

^ "They organize no crusade in the interests of so-called 'women's rights'..." , NY Times, May 10, 1909

^ "The promoters of White Carnation Day have expressed their intention to make the observance international in character..." , Poverty Bay Herald, June 1, 1909

^ Express (Washington, D.C.), May 10, 2013, p. 30.

^ Jump up to: a b Rice, Susan Tracey and Robert Haven Schauffler (1915). Mother's day: its history, origin, celebration, spirit, and significance as related in prose and verse . Moffat, Yard & company. pp. 3 –5. in 1914 Congress passed a law, which Wilson signed on May 8, 1914, 'designating the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day', and authorizing and requesting that Wilson issue a proclamation 'calling upon the government officials to display the United States flag on all buildings, and the people of the United States to display the flag at their homes or other suitable places on the second Sunday in May as a public expression of our love and reverence for the mothers of our country.'

^ Jump up to: a b Today in History: May 9 Library of Congress

^ William H. Young, Nancy K. Young (2007), The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 520, ISBN 978-0-313-33520-4

^ Jump up to: a b c House Vote #274 (May 7, 2008) H. Res. 1113: Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother's Day (Vote On Passage)

^ Jump up to: a b House Vote #275 (May 7, 2008) Table Motion to Reconsider: H RES 1113 Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother’s Day

^ Jump up to: a b Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church , National Historic Landmarks program, National Park Service

^ Compare footnote 51 in LaRossa, Ralph (1997). The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History . University of Chicago Press. p. 272 . ISBN 978-0226469041 . Retrieved April 28, 2016 . Technically, at least, Mother's Day was 'owned' by Jarvis. She managed not only to incorporate the Mother's Day International Association, but also to register 'Second Sunday in May, Anna Jarvis, Founder,' as the organization's trademark.

^ Jump up to: a b c Louisa Taylor, Canwest News Service (11 May 2008). "Mother's Day creator likely 'spinning in her grave' " . Vancouver Sun . Canada. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008 . Retrieved 7 July 2008 .

^ Presidential proclamations from The American Presidency Project:
71 – Proclamation 2083 – Mother's Day Proclamation , Franklin D. Roosevelt , 3 May 1934.
Proclamation 3535 Mother's Day, 1963 John F. Kennedy , 26 April 1963.
Proclamation 3583 – Mother's Day, 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson , 23 April 1964
Proclamation 4437 – Mother's Day, 1976 , Gerald Ford , 5 May 1976.
Proclamation 5801 – Mother's Day, 1988 , Ronald Reagan , 26 April 1988.
Proclamation 6133 – Mother's Day, 1990 , George Bush , 10 May 1990
Proclamation 6559 – Mother's Day, 1993 , Bill Clinton , 7 May 1993.
Proclamation 8253 – Mother's Day, 2008 , George W. Bush , 8 May 2008.

^ Brian Handwerk (May 11, 2012). "Mother's Day's Dark History" . National Geographic News . Retrieved May 30, 2013 .

^ Marc Powers (May 11, 1996). "Mother's Day only a Hallmark holiday" . Southeast Missourian . Retrieved May 11, 2013 .

^ Leigh, 1997, p. 260

^ Leigh, 1997, p. 274

^ Jump up to: a b "Mother's Day reaches 100th anniversary, The woman who lobbied for this day would berate you for buying a card" . NBC News . Associated Press. May 11, 2008 . Retrieved July 7, 2008 .

^ Press releases:
"More Than Six Out of 10 Americans Will Have Their Mother's Day Meals at Restaurants, New National Restaurant Association Research Reveals" . National Restaurant Association . May 4, 2006. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010 . Retrieved April 14, 2011 .
"Mother's Day Dining Fact Sheet" . National Restaurant Association . April 28, 2006. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010 . Retrieved April 14, 2011 .

^ Barnett Helzberg (2003). John Wiley and Sons (ed.). What I Learned Before I Sold to Warren Buffett . p. 80. ISBN 0-471-44539-8 .

^ "Recession or not: Mom comes 1st (phillyBurbs.com) | Local Business" . Archived from the original on March 22, 2009 . Retrieved April 14, 2011 .

^ The New York Times , November 17, 1888, Temperance Sunday's programme

^ Leigh, p. 256 "... it might even have gradually withered away like other Protestant days of the early twentieth century such as Children's Day or Temperance Sunday."

Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States

Juneteenth (federal, cultural)
Father's Day (36)

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Birth of Baháʼu'lláh (religious)
Day of the Dead (VI)
Diwali (NY, religious)
Mawlid al-Nabi (religious)

Veterans Day (federal)
Thanksgiving (federal)

Christmas (religious, federal)
New Year's Eve

Eid al-Adha (NY, religious)
Eid al-Fitr (NY, religious)
Islamic New Year (religious)
Yawm al-Arafa (religious)
Hajj (religious)
Laylat al-Qadr (religious)
Navaratri (religious, four times a year)
Obon (religious)
Onam (religious)
Ramadan (religious, month)
Ghost Festival (religious)
Yawm Aashura (religious)

Mother's Day is an annual holiday celebrated in the United States on the second Sunday in May. Mother's Day recognizes mothers, motherhood and maternal bonds in general, as well as the positive contributions that they make to their families and society. It was established by Anna Jarvis , with the first official Mother's Day celebrated through a service of worship at St. Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia , on May 10, 1908. [2] Popular observances include holiday card and gift giving, churchgoing often accompanied by the distribution of carnations , and family dinners. [1] In the United States, Mother's Day complements similar celebrations honoring family members, such as Father's Day , Siblings Day and Grandparents Day .

Internationally, there are a large variety of Mother's Day celebrations with different origins and traditions, some now also having been influenced by this more recent American tradition. For the international celebration, see Mother's Day .

During the 19th century, women's peace groups in the United States tried to establish holidays and regular activities in favor of peace and against war. A common early activity was the meeting of groups of mothers whose sons had fought or died on opposite sides of the American Civil War . [3]

In 1868, Ann Jarvis , Anna Jarvis 's mother, organised a committee to establish a "Mother's Friendship Day", the purpose of which was "to reunite families that had been divided during the Civil War." Ann Jarvis, who had previously organized Mother's Day Work Clubs to improve sanitation and health for both Union and Confederate encampments undergoing a typhoid outbreak, wanted to expand these into an annual memorial for mothers, but she died in 1905 before the annual celebration was established. [4] [5] Her daughter, who became almost obsessed with her, would continue her mother's efforts.

There were several limited observances in the 1870s and the 1880s but none achieved resonance beyond the local level. [4] At the time, Protestant schools in the United States already held many celebrations and observations such as Children's Day , Temperance Sunday, Roll Call Day, Decision Day, Missionary Day and others. [6] In New York City, Julia Ward Howe led a "Mother's Day for Peace" anti-war observance on June 2, 1872, [4] [6] [7] which was accompanied by a "Appeal to womanhood throughout the world" (nowadays known as Mother's Day Proclamation ). The observance continued in Boston for about 10 years under Howe's personal sponsorship, then died out. [8] In these celebrations, mothers all around the world would work towards world peace. [6]

Several years later a Mother's Day observance on May 13, 1877 was held in Albion, Michigan over a dispute related to the temperance movement . [9] According to local legend, Albion pioneer Juliet Calhoun Blakeley stepped up to complete the sermon of the Rev. Myron Daughterty who was distraught because an anti-temperance group had forced his son and two other temperance advocates at gunpoint to spend the night in a saloon and become publicly drunk . From the pulpit Blakeley called on other mothers to join her. Blakeley's two sons, both traveling salesmen, were so moved that they vowed to return each year to pay tribute to her and embarked on a campaign to urge their business contacts to do likewise. At their urging, in the early 1880s, the Methodist Episcopal Church in Albion set aside the second Sunday in May to recognize the special contributions of mothers. [ citation needed ]

Frank E. Hering , alumnus and administrator at the University of Notre Dame and President of the Fraternal Order of Eagles , made a plea for "setting aside one day in the year as a nationwide memorial to the memories of Mothers and motherhood" in 1904. [10] [11] After observing a class of Notre Dame students sending home penny postcards to their mothers, Hering went on to be a vocal advocate for a national Mother's Day for the next decade. [10] As Hering stated in a 1941 issue of Scholastic : "Throughout history the great men of the world have given their credit for their achievements to their mothers. [The] Holy Church recognizes this, as does Notre Dame especially, and Our Lady who watches over our great institution." [10]

In its present form, Mother's Day was established by Anna Jarvis with the help of Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker following the death of her mother, Ann Jarvis, on May 9, 1905. Jarvis never mentioned Howe or Mothering S
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