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^ Oscarblogger: Kramer vs. Kramer Archived 2014-08-15 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved April 1, 2013
^ "Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) Movie Script" . Springfield! Springfield! .
^ "Caan Rues the Bad Choices That Prompted Him to Turn Down Movies" . 12 September 2005.
^ Grobel, Lawrence (22 April 2008). Al Pacino . ISBN 9781416955566 .
^ Spelling, Aaron ; Graham, Jefferson (1996). A Prime-Time Life: An Autobiography . New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 112 . ISBN 978-0-312-14268-1 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Michael Schulman (2016-03-29). "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role, and Won Her First Oscar" . Vanity Fair . Archived from the original on 2017-12-19 . Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
^ "Oscar sidelights". Daily Variety . April 15, 1980. p. 4.
^ "Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)" . American Film Institute . Retrieved 2018-01-04 .
^ "Scott's World: Naked Lady Finds Career" . www.upi.com . Retrieved 13 February 2022 .
^ Hunter Harris (2018-01-03). "Meryl Streep Calls Out Dustin Hoffman for Kramer vs. Kramer slap: 'It was overstepping' " . Vulture . Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
^ Ruth Graham (2017-11-02). "Meryl Streep once said Dustin Hoffman groped her breast the first time they met" . Slate . Archived from the original on 2017-11-10 . Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
^ Michael Simkins (2016-03-31). "Method acting can go too far - just ask Dustin Hoffman" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 2019-12-03 . Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
^ Olivia Blair (2016-03-30). "Dustin Hoffman 'slapped and taunted Meryl Streep with the name of her dead boyfriend during filming', book claims" . The Independent .
^ Cara Buckley (2018-01-03). "Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks on the #MeToo Moment and 'The Post' " . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 2018-01-03 . Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
^ Kramer vs. Kramer at Rotten Tomatoes
^ Jump up to: a b Roger Ebert (December 1, 1979). "Kramer vs. Kramer" . Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on May 9, 2013 . Retrieved April 29, 2010 .
^ Canby, Vincent (December 19, 1979). "Screen: Kramer vs. Kramer" . Archived 2020-06-05 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times . C23.
^ Siskel, Gene (December 19, 1979). "An American family on trial in the '70s". Chicago Tribune . Section 3, p. 1-2.
^ "Film Reviews: Kramer Vs. Kramer". Variety . November 28, 1979. p. 16.
^ Champlin, Charles (December 16, 1979). "Kramer vs. Kramer: Living Anguished Realities". Los Angeles Times . Calendar, p. 1.
^ Arnold, Gary (December 19, 1979). "'Kramer vs. Kramer': The Family Divided". The Washington Post . C1.
^ Kauffmann, Stanley (December 22, 1979). "Here Be Actors: A review of 'Kramer vs. Kramer' " . The New Republic . Archived from the original on August 3, 2020 . Retrieved June 4, 2020 .
^ Dullea, Georgia (December 21, 1979). "Child Custody: Jurists Weigh Film vs. Life". The New York Times . B6.
^ "Custody: Kramer vs. Reality". Time . February 4, 1980. p. 77.
^ "Movies" . The New York Times . 2003-04-29. Archived from the original on 2008-06-12 . Retrieved 2020-09-27 .
^ Pollock, Dale (January 2, 1980). "Christmas Pix Are Perking; 'Star Trek,' 'Jerk' Pacing Field". Variety . p. 9.
^ "Kramer vs Kramer (1979)" . Box Office Mojo . Archived from the original on 2009-03-01 . Retrieved 2008-11-17 .
^ "Kramer vs. Kramer (advertisement)". Variety . June 11, 1980. pp. 10–11.
^ "With $55-mil rentals, 'Look Who's Talking' becomes Col's No. 2 moneymaker o'seas". Variety . August 15, 1990. p. 42.
^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies Nominees" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-26 . Retrieved 2011-12-10 .
^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) Ballot" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-12 . Retrieved 2011-12-10 .
Wikiquote has quotations related to Kramer vs. Kramer .
Films listed as number-one by in-year release
Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American legal drama film written and directed by Robert Benton , based on Avery Corman 's 1977 novel of the same name. The film stars Dustin Hoffman , Meryl Streep , Jane Alexander , and Justin Henry .
It tells the story of a couple's divorce , its impact on their young son, and the subsequent evolution of their relationship and views on parenting.
The film explores the psychology and fallout of divorce and touches upon prevailing or emerging social issues such as gender roles , women's rights , feminism , fathers' rights , work-life balance , and single parents .
Kramer vs. Kramer was theatrically released on December 19, 1979, by Columbia Pictures . It was a major critical and commercial success, grossing over $173 million on an $8 million budget, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1979 in the United States and Canada and receiving a leading nine nominations at the 52nd Academy Awards , winning five (more than any other film nominated that year); Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor (for Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (for Streep), and Best Adapted Screenplay .
Ted Kramer ( Dustin Hoffman ) is a workaholic advertising executive living in New York City who has just been assigned a new and very important account. Ted arrives home and shares the good news with his wife Joanna ( Meryl Streep ) only to find that she is leaving him and their son Billy ( Justin Henry ). Ted and Billy initially resent one another as Ted no longer has time to carry his increased workload, and Billy misses his mother's love and attention. After months of unrest, Ted and Billy learn to cope, and gradually bond as father and son.
One day at work Ted's business associate Phyllis Bernard ( JoBeth Williams ) accepts an invitation of dinner from Ted and the two of them end up sleeping together in his apartment. A groggy Phyllis wakes up to see that she's very late for a meeting and goes to the bathroom while Billy happens to come into the passage at the same moment where he sees her stark naked from head to toe. She tries to cover herself with her bare hands and makes small talk with the innocent child who is completely oblivious that he has witnessed a completely naked woman.
Ted befriends his neighbor Margaret ( Jane Alexander ), who had initially counseled Joanna to leave Ted if she was that unhappy. Margaret is a fellow single parent, and she and Ted become kindred spirits. One day, as the two sit in the park watching their children play, Billy accidentally falls off the jungle gym , severely cutting his face. Ted sprints several blocks through oncoming traffic carrying Billy to the hospital, where he comforts his son during treatment.
Fifteen months after she walked out, Joanna returns to New York from California to claim Billy, and a custody battle ensues. During the custody hearing, both Ted and Joanna are unprepared for the brutal character assassinations that their lawyers unleash on the other. Margaret is forced to testify that she had advised an unhappy Joanna to leave Ted, though she also attempts to tell Joanna on the stand that her husband has profoundly changed. Eventually, the damaging facts that Ted was fired because of his conflicting parental responsibilities which forced him to take a lower-paying job come out in court, as do the details of Billy's accident. [2]
The court awards custody to Joanna, a decision mostly based on the tender years doctrine . Devastated with the decision, Ted discusses appealing the case, but his lawyer warns that an appeal would be expensive and Billy himself would have to take the stand in the resulting trial. Ted cannot bear the thought of submitting his child to such an ordeal, and decides not to contest custody.
On the morning that Billy is to move in with Joanna, Ted and Billy make breakfast together, mirroring the meal that Ted tried to cook the first morning after Joanna left. They share a tender hug, knowing that this is their last daily breakfast together. Joanna calls on the intercom, asking Ted to come down to the lobby alone. When he arrives she tells Ted how much she loves and wants Billy, but she knows that his true home is with Ted, and therefore she will not take custody of him. She asks Ted if she can go up and see Billy, and Ted says that would be fine. As they are about to enter the elevator together, Ted tells Joanna that he will stay downstairs to allow Joanna to see Billy in private.
After she enters the elevator, Joanna wipes tears from her face and asks her former husband "How do I look?" As the elevator doors start to close on Joanna, Ted answers, "Terrific."
Producer Stanley R. Jaffe and writer and director Robert Benton read Avery Corman 's source novel and were so moved by the story that they decided to buy the rights and make it into a movie. And the only actor they envisioned in the lead role of Ted Kramer was Dustin Hoffman .
Hoffman, himself going through a divorce at that time, initially turned down the role. He has since stated that he wanted to quit film acting and return to the stage, due to his depression and distaste for Hollywood at that time. While Jaffe and Benton were courting Hoffman, James Caan was offered the role but turned it down as he was concerned that film was going to be a flop. [3] Al Pacino was also offered the role but turned it down as he felt that the role was not for him. [4] Jon Voight also turned down the role. Finally, Hoffman met with Jaffe and Benton at a London hotel during the making of Agatha and was convinced to change his mind and accept the role. Hoffman has since credited this film and Benton for rejuvenating his love for film acting and inspiring the emotional level supporting many scenes. Simultaneously, Hoffman was reminded of his own love for children and "got closer being a father by playing a father."
Benton and Jaffe selected Justin Henry to play Billy. Hoffman worked extensively with Henry, then 7 years old, during each scene to put him at ease and Henry was encouraged by Benton to improvise to make his performance more natural. The famous ice cream scene where Billy defies Ted by skipping dinner and eating ice cream was completely improvised by Hoffman and Henry. Hoffman contributed many personal moments and dialogue; Benton offered shared screenplay credit, but Hoffman turned it down.
Kate Jackson was originally offered the role of Joanna Kramer ultimately played by Meryl Streep but was forced to turn it down. At the time, Jackson was appearing in the TV series Charlie's Angels , and producer Aaron Spelling told her that they were unable to rearrange the shooting schedule to give her time off to do the film. [5] The part was then offered to various other actresses including Faye Dunaway , Jane Fonda and Ali MacGraw , all of whom turned it down.
Streep was initially cast as Phyllis (the role eventually given to JoBeth Williams ), but she was able to force her way into auditioning for Joanna in front of Hoffman, Benton, and Jaffe. She found the character in the novel and script unsympathetic ("an ogre, a princess, an ass", as she called her) and insisted on approaching Joanna from a more sympathetic point of view. [6] Hoffman believed that the recent loss of Streep's fiancé, John Cazale , only months earlier, gave her an emotional edge and "still-fresh pain" to draw on for the performance. [6] Streep was only contracted to work 12 days on the film. [7]
Gail Strickland was first cast as Ted's neighbor Margaret, but departed after a week of filming (according to Columbia Pictures due to "artistic differences") and was replaced by Jane Alexander . [8] The truth was that Strickland was so intimidated by Hoffman while filming their scenes together that she developed a stammer which made her lines difficult to follow. [6] Strickland herself disputes this account, saying that she couldn't quickly memorize the improvised lines that Hoffman gave her, which agitated him and led to her firing two days later. [6]
Cinematographer Néstor Almendros , a collaborator on numerous François Truffaut films, had been hired with the expectation that Truffaut would direct. Truffaut himself was seriously considered, but he turned it down due to the fact that he was too busy with his own projects and suggested that screenwriter Robert Benton should direct the film himself instead.
JoBeth Williams was hesitant about shucking her clothes, especially in the scene with a young Justin Henry . "I was afraid my nudity would traumatize the little boy," she said. [9]
Hoffman has been widely reported in different media to have harassed Streep during the making of the movie, and the two had a contentious working relationship as a result. [6] [10] In a 1979 Time magazine interview, Streep claimed that Hoffman groped her breast on their first meeting. [11] When Streep advocated for herself, wanting to portray Joanna as more sympathetic and vulnerable than she was written, she received pushback from him. [6] Attributing the behavior to his commitment to being a method actor, [12] he would also hurl insults and obscenities at Streep, taunting her with the name of her recently deceased fiancé, John Cazale , claiming this was designed to draw a better performance out of her. [13] He famously threw a wine glass against the wall without telling her (although he did inform the cameraman beforehand), which shattered and sent glass shards into her hair. Her response was: "Next time you do that, I'd appreciate you letting me know." [6]
In 2018, Streep told The New York Times that Hoffman had slapped her hard without warning while filming a scene: "This was my first movie, and it was my first take in my first movie, and he just slapped me. And you see it in the movie. It was overstepping." [14]
Kramer vs. Kramer received positive reviews from critics. It holds an 89% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 99 reviews, with an average score of 8.20/10. The consensus reads: "The divorce subject isn't as shocking, but the film is still a thoughtful, well-acted drama that resists the urge to take sides or give easy answers." [15]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four stars, giving praise to Benton's screenplay: "His characters aren't just talking to each other, they're revealing things about themselves and can sometimes be seen in the act of learning about their own motives. That's what makes Kramer vs. Kramer such a touching film: We get the feeling at times that personalities are changing and decisions are being made even as we watch them." [16] Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it a "fine, witty, moving, most intelligent adaptation of Avery Corman's best-selling novel," with Streep giving "one of the major performances of the year" and Hoffman "splendid in one of the two or three best roles of his career." [17] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, " 'Kramer vs. Kramer' never loses its low-key, realistic touch. You will sit at the end of the film wondering why we don't see more pictures like this. After all, its story is not all that unusual." He thought that Hoffman gave "one of his most memorable performances" and "should win the Academy Award next April." [18] Variety wrote, "Stories on screen about men leaving women, and women leaving men have been abundant as of late, but hardly any has grappled with the issue in such a forthright and honest fashion as 'Kramer' ... While a nasty court battle ensues, the human focus is never abandoned, and it's to the credit of not only Benton and Jaffe, but especially Hoffman and Streep, that both leading characters emerge as credible and sympathetic." [19] Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times declared it "as nearly perfect a film as can be" and "a motion picture with an emotional wallop second to none this year." [20] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post called the film "a triumph of partisan pathos, a celebration of father-son bonding that astutely succeeds where tearjerkers like The Champ so mawkishly failed." [21] Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic wrote "All the people go through expec
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