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It all began with the pledge by the people of Oberammergau to act out the Passion Play once every ten years. As early as , infectious diseases spread in Swabia as well as in Bavaria. This village was spared by dutiful vigilance until the church festival in , when a man named Kaspar Schisler brought the plague into the village. Faced with the great distress that the terrible illness inflicted upon the population, the leaders of the community came together and pledged to hold a passion tragedy once every ten years. There is no evidence for this assumption. For the years around 40 passion plays are proven to have taken place in the Bavarian-Austrian area and more than for the time period to In , the schoolmaster Georg Kaiser creates a transcript of the oldest surviving passion text of Oberammergau to be used in the Passion Play In , it was discovered that this text was taken from two even older plays, which had been combined even before It is to be assumed that the writer of the first Oberammergau play - probably a monk of Ettal - disposed of a third text. However, this compilation of excerpts from other texts was no independent act of poetry. This indicates that the number of spectators increased and the service for the guests began. The community decides to switch to a rhythm counting from one ten-year to the next. Michael Eyrl is the first-ever director of the Passion Play mentioned by name. He was born in Oberammergau as the son of the Ettal judge. Following his ordination, he acted briefly as an early mass priest in Oberammergau and then moved to Mehring to act as a pastor there. One Bernhard Steinle is paid as director of the Passion Play in , according to a community bill. The rendition of the Passion Play of this year means debts for the community of 60 guilders. The community bill lists: - 12 guilders 30 kr. The apparel for the actors was borrowed from the monastery Rottenbuch. In , Prebendary Thomas Ainhaus takes over the role of the play director and edits the texts. Ainhaus also maintained the financial books. Thomas Ainhaus is born in Oberammergau and ordained as a priest in Vienna in In , he is offered the post as vicar in his home community. He acts as early mass priest and director of the Passion Play until his death on 17th July Father Karl Bader of Ettal edits the text for the play year Preserved parts of the text document a Baroque scenery stage. In this year, Thomas Ainhaus again is the play director. He records a loss for the community of 73 guilders and 37 kreutzers. There are two performances and the end result is a deficit of 84 guilders of the community cash registry. The Augustinian Clemens Prasser of Rottenbuch revises the text. He goes to Salzburg to study law and decides to become a priest following the death of his lover. Ordained in , he is offered the Benefice in his home community in the same year. He works as an early mass priest for 47 years until his death on 7th August The allegories Lucifer, Envy, Greed and Sin are included in the plot. Jesus is the centre of a dramatic conflict between God and the powers of Hell. The new staging is a great financial strain to the community with the deficit amounting to 88 guilders, even though almost 11, visitors come to see the play. In , he makes his order vow at the Benedictine monastery Ettal. For a total period of twelve years, he teaches rhetoric at the prince bishop Lyceum in Freising. Aside from numerous speeches, Latin and German poems he also writes many short plays. Despite 14, visitors, a loss of around guilders is sustained and balanced out by the community cash registry. Oberammergau sends a group of deputed parties to Munich who try to achieve an exceptional permission. On 22nd May , the request of Oberammergau is rejected. The expenditures accrued by that point amount to ca. With the new Elector Karl Theodor since opposing the plays less strictly, the people of Oberammergau again request to be exempt from the general ban. Oberammergau receives a unique privilege to show the Passion Play. He initially taught at the monastery seminar, then, starting in , as a school teacher at Lyceum in Freising, where he acted as professor for rhetoric and head of the school theatre from He then taught at the Ettal seminar again and, following the dissolution of the monastery , he became an assistant priest in Stetten near Kaufbeuren. He died on 14th June in Schongau am Lech. However, in the privilege of Oberammergau is confirmed. For the first time there is a note appearing in a newspaper and tickets are issued. Five performances are played with 11, visitors. Oberammergau again receives the privilege to act out the passion story. The French loot the village. Due to these events, the Passion Play is only shown five times this year and scheduled performances must be cancelled. Many Austrian people - who hold Oberammergau occupied - are among the spectators. In this year, the plays of are continued with four performances in order to decrease the community debt. Elector Max IV. Joseph King from - and his minister Maximilian Joseph Freiherr Graf von Montgelas enforce secularisation and thus bring the church under control by the state. The Prince-Bishopric Freising is abolished on 27th November and its worldly goods are nationalised. In the Bishopric Freising is relocated to Munich. Ideological reasons now forbid any church customs, including processions, Olivet prayers, Christmas mangers, the holy grave and other renditions of religious content. Following the presentation of new text by Father Dr. Othmar Weis of Ettal , the passion play ban is revoked in The most significant change is the transfer from verses to prose, which allows a free, realistic language and direct quotes from the bible. The allegories are removed, but the sequence of scenes and the living images are almost completely preserved in the way that Rosner and Knipfelberger created them. Weis deletes many mythological and legend-like elements and places a high value on the texts closely following the Gospel. The choir appearances are now preceded by lengthy observations that are very similar to a Sermon on the Mount. He structures the music into recitatives, arias and choir. The composition of the music is implemented by Rochus Dedler , a teacher from Oberammergau. Nothing is left of this music, unless he took over certain numbers in his processing of He joins the Benedictine monastery Ettal in and assumes the name Othmar. Following studies at Ingolstadt University, Father Othmar Weis becomes the head of the Ettal Monastery school for particularly gifted pupils. Following the secularisation and the accompanying dissolution of the Ettal monastery in , Father Othmar Weis continues to work as a teacher, in Oberau among other places. One of his pupils here is Joseph Alois Daisenberger, who will later become the pastor of Oberammergau. Father Othmar Weis goes on to work as a pastor in Jesenwang, where he dies on 26th January The review and alteration of the text by Weis and of the Music by Dedler continues. The play now begins with the entry into Jerusalem. Moreover, he manages to bring the play to a deeper psychological level, which becomes particularly apparent in the monologues of Judas. The texts for the choir are changed most significantly with Rochus Dedler creating yet another music for the Passion Play. The community appoints the priest Nicolaus Unhoch to build a new stage. Father Othmar Weis acts as play director one last time. This year is the last time that the play is shown at the cemetery next to the church. This year marks the beginning of the remarkable popularity of the Passion Play. The number of visitors increases to 19, - twice as many as in In these days, a journey from Munich takes two days. This report is the first-ever known witness report of the Passion Play. A receipt tells us that 8 wigs were bought. King Louis I. Nicolaus Unhoch designs this new stage as well, plans and oversees the building works. The new theatre can hold up to spectators, but only 13, people come to watch the 11 shows. According to a newspaper article by Lorenz von Oken of 27th June , people were involved in the Passion Play. Goethe received an enthusiastic letter about the Passion Play by S. Nicolaus Unhoch, born the son of a wood carver from Oberammergau on 6th December , attends the school in Ettal and then the Jesuiten-Kollegium in Augsburg. In , he becomes an early mass Prebendary in Oberammergau. Following a conflict with the community, he leaves his home in to become an early mass priest in Garmisch. He dies on 24th May in Schongau, where he had become the head of the St. Nikasi Benefice in Critics such as G. Lentner, L. Steub, E. Devrient, M. Deutinger, J. Sepp became aware of the Passion Play and help spread its popularity. The community erects a fixed stage foundation and buys costumes from Mittenwald and Kohlgrub, where the plays have since discontinued. King of Saxony and his wife Karoline Ferdinande of Austria. Joseph Alois Daisenberger , pastor in Oberammergau since made some changes to the text and acts as play director. For the first time, reports on the Play are also written in French and English. The 14 performances of the Passion Play are very well attended with the number of visitors increasing to ca. The community gives 6, guilders of the proceeds of the Play to charity; 10, guilders are paid to the involved people. In , Daisenberger thoroughly edits the text upon request by the government and following criticism of He gives priority to the Gospel of John and attempts to focus on the dramatic character of the passion. Instead of updating Othmar Weis, he focuses on general applicability; realism takes priority over idealisation and psychology over politics, for instance in the character of Judas. Referring to the antique and classic format of tragedy, he aspires for the common touch by introducing legends Veronica, the wandering Jew and content of the way of the cross e. Jesus meeting Mary. Josef Alois Daisenberger is born on 30th May in Oberau. He is ordained as a priest in After this, he works as assistant priest in Grassau, Schlehdorf and Farchant. From to , he works as a pastor in Uffing am Staffelsee. In , he is named pastor of Oberammergau. In , he is given the post as play director of the Oberammergau Passion Play. Alois Daisenberger dies in at 83 years of age. He is buried at the old community cemetery in Oberammergau. The community rejects his proposal of a passion in verses. On 17th July , the prologue on stage announces the beginning of the war against France Deutsche Erinnerungsorte, volume 3. Following an interruption during the war, the Play is continued in According to a report by Emil Knorr, around people are participating on stage. The crucifixion group arrived in Oberammergau on 15th August and was inaugurated at Osterbichl on 15th October For three years, King Ludwig came on each 15th October to the crucifixion group for a silent prayer before being driven away by the curious spectators, who steadily increased in numbers. The number of visitors increases to , The extension of the railway line to Murnau makes the journey easier. Thomas Cook discovers the potential of Oberammergau for the flourishing tourism. One of the guests is George II, Duke of Meiningen, who coined the historicising theatre style of the period. The costumes are manufactured at Hoftheater Munich. He fell in love with Marie Bartl, a young woman from Oberammergau. He sent her one of the photos taken at Marienbad. The letters to the mother are preserved in St Florian. They have a British travelling office, tickets for wagons, apartments, accommodation and billets… An Englishman would even buy a ticket for the judgment day. The rental vehicle in Murnau costs 25 marks for Englishmen, 15 marks for the rest of mankind. Oberammergauer Passionsbriefe, Leipzig The Catholic priest receives a seat and vote in the Passion Play Committee. Visitors include Isabella II. Continue to the Passion years to Maximilian Joseph Freiherr Graf von Montgelas. The positive development is based on the newspaper articles in Crown Prince Maximilian of Bavaria. Karoline Ferdinande of Austria. Queen Marie of Bavaria. Anna Mary Howith, writer. Josef Alois Daisenberger. A view of the Passion Play from The stage in the year Ludwig II. The crucifixion group was visited regularly by King Ludwig II. The composer Franz Liszt. Leopold de Rothschild, British banker. Caricature from the year Queen Victoria of Sweden. Travel pioneer Thomas Cook. Composer Anton Bruckner. Isabelle II. Abu Bakar al-Khalil, Sultan of Jahore. Franz von Lenbach, painter. Postcard of the view of the stage in

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