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What is the difference between an STD and an STI?
Paisley Gilmour
Sex & Relationships Editor
Paisley is sex & relationships editor at Cosmopolitan UK, and covers everything from sex toys, how to masturbate and sex positions, to all things LGBTQ.

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Here's everything you need to know.
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), despite being one of the lesser-known STIs , has got a lot of publicity recently because new guidelines have been issued in order to prevent it from becoming a "superbug".
Currently, MG affects 1 in 100 people (that's more than Gonorrhoea , FYI) , but The British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) has launched new treatment guidelines to help prevent it reaching superbug status within the next decade. But, BASHH are worried that due to funding and budgets, their guidance won't be implemented in time before MG becomes untreatable.
If this does happen, BASHH suggests up to 3000 women and female-bodied people who have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by the STI could be at increased risk of infertility (among other things).
Here's everything you need to know about MG.
An MG infection often has no symptoms. When patients do experience symptoms, they are similar to those associated with other urogenital tract bacterial infections such as Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea. Men and male-bodied people may be more likely to exhibit symptoms of MG infection than women and female-bodied people.
When symptoms do occur in women and female-bodied people, they can include: pain during sex, bleeding after sex, and pain in the pelvic area below the belly button. In men and male-bodied people, you should look out for watery discharge from the penis, burning, stinging, or pain when peeing.
MG is treated with antibiotics. However, unlike other STIs, up until recently there have been no commercially available diagnostic tests to detect it. Due to this historical lack of accurate testing and the fact that the symptoms of MG are so similar to those of Chlamydia, patients are very often misdiagnosed and treated for Chlamydia.
Since MG was first identified in the 80s, evidence of its association with reproductive tract disease syndromes has been slowly building. In women and female-bodied people, new research proved an increase in the risk of catching and transmitting HIV, as well as the following...
- Cervicitis. Inflammation and irritation of the cervix causing post-sex bleeding
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). An infection of the organs of the female reproductive system

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Mycoplasma Genitalium (MG), a new sexually transmitted infection has been dubbed the next superbug. Marie Pan talks to the experts
You’ve heard of chlamydia and gonorrhoea but have you heard of the new guy on the sexual health block, mycoplasma, which affects the genitals, rectum and even the respiratory tract including the throat.
Few of us have heard of MG and it’s not routinely tested for, which means can go unnoticed and untreated for years, causing infertility (especially as it often comes with no symptoms).
Their concern is high about MG because though it can be treated right now, it is becoming antibiotic resistant. For this reason, MG has been dubbed ‘the next superbug’.
Indeed, MG is now more common than gonorrhoea, affecting up to two per cent of the UK population, and is even outstripping chlamydia in some high risk groups.
Despite this, recently developed tests to diagnose the disease are still not available in all sexual health clinics, BASHH said as it issued new guidelines for its treatment.
Healthista spoke to the experts to get medical take on what you need to know about this new STI.
‘Mycoplasma genitalium, or MG. are tiny bacteria that can be transmitted through sex, says Karin O’Sullivan, clinical consultant at sexual health charity FPA.
‘It’s thought that MG. bacteria are present in around 1-2% of the population at any one time, but not everyone will develop an infection or have any symptoms.
‘If you do get symptoms, they can be similar to other sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhoea,’ she said.
Bleeding after sex or between periods.
‘Although mycoplasma genitalium bacteria have been known about since the 1980s, it’s only more recently we’ve confirmed that they’re sexually transmitted,’ says Dr O’Sullivan.
‘Mycoplasma is a really common cause of non-specific urethritis in men,’ says Dr Preethi Daniel, a GP specialising in sexual health at London Doctors Clinic .
‘This is irritation of the urethra, the pipe that carries your urine out. Non-specific implies there is no gonorrhoea. This can mean discomfort in the penis, pain when passing urine, discharge and even testicular pain’.
In women she explains, there are studies that show mycoplasma can cause bleeding after sex, inflammation of the cervix and pelvic inflammatory disease.
‘There is also a link between mycoplasma and premature births and spontaneous abortions,’ says Dr Daniel.
‘These symptoms are all much the same as what people might experience with chlamydia and gonorrhoea, so it can be mistaken for either,’ she says..
‘The majority of people however will not have any symptoms at all much like chlamydia’, says Dr Daniel. The new guidelines say people who have a partner with mycoplasma but do not have symptoms should also be treated.
It’s transmitted through vaginal and anal sex.
Younger age and multiple sexual partners are some of the risk factors and it’s slightly more prevalent in women than men. And yes, condoms do protect from it.
Though a 2015 study found no cases of MG in people who had only had oral sex, it’s better to be safe than sorry.
‘A test for MG. isn’t usually included as part of a routine STI screening, which helps explain why not many people have heard
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