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Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing ; 2022 Jan-.
1 American University of the Caribbean
Identify the epidemiology of femoral head avascular necrosis.
Describe the evaluation of femoral head avascular necrosis.
Summarize the treatment options available for femoral head avascular necrosis.
Review interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance femoral head avascular necrosis prevention and treatment and improve outcomes.
Initial/necrosis – when blood supply gets disrupted, and necrosis begins
Fragmentation – when the body resorbs the necrotic bone and replaces it with woven bone that is weak and prone to breaking and collapse
Reossification – when stronger bone develops
Healed/Remodeling – when bone regrowth is complete, and shape becomes finalized (whether normal or abnormal, depending on the damage done during the fragmentation phase)
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Bookshelf ID: NBK546658 PMID: 31536264
Tullington JE, Blecker N. StatPearls. 2022 Jan
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Denisiuk M, Afsari A. StatPearls. 2022 Jan
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Barney J, Piuzzi NS, Akhondi H. Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis. [Updated 2022 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546658/
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StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
Jonathan Barney ; Nicolas S. Piuzzi ; Hossein Akhondi .
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a type of osteonecrosis due to disruption of blood supply to the proximal femur. There are approximately 10000 to 20000 new cases reported each year in the United States alone. It can occur due to a variety of causes, either traumatic or atraumatic in origin. These causes include fractures, dislocations, chronic steroid use, chronic alcohol use, coagulopathy, congenital causes; among many others. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a debilitating disease, and healthcare professionals must possess strong knowledge regarding the condition. This activity describes the background, evaluation, treatment, and management of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Additionally, it addresses issues that can benefit members of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a type of osteonecrosis due to disruption of blood supply to the proximal femur. There are approximately 10000 to 20000 new cases reported each year in the United States alone. [1] It can occur due to a variety of causes, either traumatic or atraumatic in origin. These causes include fractures, dislocations, chronic steroid use, chronic alcohol use, coagulopathy, congenital causes; among many others. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a debilitating disease and is an important condition requiring healthcare professionals to be vigilant for its presentation. This activity will provide an overview of the etiology and management, along with pertinent clinical pearls.
The majority of the blood supply to the head of the femur comes from the medial and lateral circumflex branches of the profunda femoris, which itself is a branch of the femoral artery (the profunda femoris is the deep penetrating branch of the upper thigh). The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries anastomose to form a ring around the neck of the femur, from which many small arteries branch off to perfuse the femoral head. Another direct source of blood supply is from the foveal artery, aka the artery of the ligamentum teres. The ligamentum teres is the ligament connecting the head of the femur to the acetabulum.
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