Метедрон — Википедия

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Methedrone received media attention in after the death of two young Swedish men. In both cases toxicology analysis showed methedrone was the only drug present in both men during the time of their overdose and subsequent deaths. The synthesis of methedrone was first reported in Methedrone is a synthetic cathinone. It is related to the parent compound cathinone. Methedrone belongs to the phenethylamine family due to the presence of the cyclic group of atoms C 6 H 5 in which six carbons bind to form a hexagonal ring with five hydrogens each bonding to a carbon and the remaining carbon bonded to an atom or group of atoms other than hydrogen. The synthesis of mephedrone , a structurally similar compound with only one less ether group than methedrone, is well documented. Methedrone can be purchased legally in Europe excluding Sweden and in most states in the US on the Internet, but also it can also be found at head shops and other retailers. Methedrone is a research chemical and its euphoric and stimulant properties can be abused. Similarly to MDMA it can be administered through insufflation, ingestion, smoking, rectal, and intravenous routes; however, it differs greatly in both duration and toxicity and great care should be taken when used due to the lack of medical literature available common among designer drugs. The resulting lack of inhibition despite its proclivity to release DAT can lead to a life-threatening adrenergic storm. Methedrone induces the transportation mediated release of NE, DA and 5-HT from cells preloaded with monoamines making it a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine SNDRA releasing agent, also known as triple releasing agent TRA , which is a common characteristic among drugs of abuse. It has been found that methedrone is similar to MDMA in terms of the monoamine transporter interactions but an in vivo study of the drug resulted in a stronger hyperthermic reaction than what is normally reported in studies of MDMAs. To consider how methedrone 4-MeOMC acts in a biological system, it is necessary to study the stability in an aqueous solution. Because, when tested directly in blood or urine, it is not known whether the compound will be degraded by enzymes available in the biological solutions or cause the chemical mechanisms, such as pH or dissolved oxygen. The length of the half-life of the compound has been examined and the percent remaining after 12 hours in buffers with various pHs. The tested pHs were 4, 7, 10 and However, in neutral and basic solutions it is decomposed, where a stronger decomposing takes place as the solution turns more basic. When comparing methdrone with its analogs, it has been found that there are several factors which affect their stability:. Methedrone and four other analogs have their groups substituted in the meta- or para-positions. For these compounds the rate constant, k, has been determined and a Hammett plot was constructed by plotting the decomposition rate constant 0. This again shows that methedrone is a relatively stable compound even in basic solution. Another conclusion based on the results from the literature is that there is negative charge built up in the transition state during the rate determining step. There are two possible metabolites known for methedrone: In pharmacology, efficacy Emax is a term used to describe the maximum response achievable from a drug. There is little information available on Methedrone and its efficacy. There are two cases known of fatal intoxications with Methedrone. In the first case, the postmortem femoral blood sample of the patient contained a concentration of 8. In the second case the concentration of Methedrone in the postmortem femoral blood sample was 9. Recent studies \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[3\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] to these fatal cases suggest that the Methedrone alone was responsible for these deaths and that the concentrations in the femoral blood represent the fatal levels of methedrone. Also, these studies show that there is little window range between a fatal dose and a non-fatal dose, this means that the safety gap is small. Anecdotal and case reports of human use of 'bath salts', such as methedrone, suggest that these substances produce powerful psychological effects. These psychological effects include psychotic behavior, paranoia, delusions, hallucinations and also self-injury. Studies to the effects of Methedrone in mice show that Methedrone produces a significant increase in circling, beam breaks and hyperactivity. Furthermore, the mice also showed a significant increase in salivation, head weaving and stimulation. Methedrone is currently a legal drug in many jurisdictions, however studies show that it shares major pharmacological properties with drugs that have been banned, such as mephedrone and methylone. Also, the effects of Methedrone are very similar to the effects of banned drugs in mice. There is little research regarding the toxicity of methedrone. Research has been done by animal-testing on mice once. The mean of the methedrone concentrations in the blood of the two deceased was 1. One of these victims had a very high concentration of Methedrone in the blood, approximately 4. The mean of the concentrations found in the blood of the deceased victims was 8. None of the non-lethal doses or lethal doses is known, suggesting that the safety gap between a lethal and non-lethal dose of methedrone is probably very small, thus making use of this drug dangerous because poisonings, and simultaneously death, are accidental. Different tests were performed to get insight into motor coordination, balance and overall behavioral effects. The mice did not show any difference in motor coordination or balance doses administered were However significant changes were shown in overall behavioral effects. Administration of methedrone led to: These effects are related with addiction potential. It is suggested that methedrone increases salivation via brain systems that primarily regulate autonomic responses. Thereby increasing the risk; because effects are not immediately shown, this could lead to an accidental overdose. It could also make the drug less popular, because humans tend to favor drugs that cause large, rapid initial increases in locomotor activity. Even in comparison with acute toxicity, chronic toxicity is poorly researched. Only the post-mortem study did little investigation on this subject. The findings of this study only showed that hair of the deceased victims contained methedrone, however, no conclusions were made regarding these findings. No studies have examined the effect of methedrone-use during or before pregnancy by a pregnant female on the embryo, nor is the carcinogenicity researched. The health risks associated with methedrone are mostly unknown, but are expected to be similar to other cathinones. The deaths of two young men in southeast Sweden in were attributed to methedrone overdose. One suffered cardiorespiratory arrest on the way to the hospital, while the second survived for 16 hours in the emergency department. Methedrone has been found to have an effect on the overall behavior of mice which includes: Its sale has been banned in Sweden since December 9, It is a controlled substance in China since October 1, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Not to be confused with methedrine , mephedrone , methadone , or methylone. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Class B I-P Poland \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[1\\\\\\\\\\\\\\]. Retrieved 17 June Journal of analytical toxicology. Retrieved March 17, China Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 1 October SoRI Adrenergic release blockers: Retrieved from ' https: Views Read Edit View history. This page was last edited on 2 December , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Метедрон — Википедия

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