Mega Prolapse

Mega Prolapse

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Pelvic organ prolapse

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Pelvic organ prolapse (also called vaginal prolapse or genitourinary prolapse) is a condition where the organs in your pelvis (womb, bladder and rectum) slip down from their usual position into your vagina.
The pelvic organs are held in place by ligaments and pelvic floor muscles. If the ligaments are torn or stretched for any reason, and if your pelvic floor muscles are weak, then your pelvic organs might not be held in their right place and they may bulge or sag down into your vagina.
Pelvic organ prolapse is caused by either a weakness in the supports of the pelvis or by an increase in the pressure inside the abdominal cavity.
The most common causes of weakness of the supports are:
The most common causes of an increase in abdominal pressure are:
Often it is a combination of these factors that result in you having a prolapse.
This is the most common cause of weakening of the pelvic floor support muscles, especially if your baby was large, you had an assisted birth (forceps/ventouse) or your labour was very long.
The more births a woman has, the more likely she is to develop a prolapse in later life; however, you can still get a prolapse even if you haven’t given birth.
Performing pelvic floor exercises is very important after childbirth but may not prevent prolapse from occurring and will not restore a large prolapse.
Prolapse is more common as women get older, particularly after menopause.
A decrease in the female hormone oestrogen, that occurs after the menopause, affects the pelvic floor muscles and structures around the vagina. This makes them less springy and supportive.
The word ‘prolapse’ means a falling down or slipping of a body part from its usual position. There are different types of prolapse depending on which pelvic organ might have dropped down into the vagina.
There are a number of signs that you may have a prolapse. These signs depend on the type of prolapse and how much pelvic organ support has been weakened or lost.
If the prolapse is mild, you may not know you have a prolapse as there will be no symptoms, but your doctor or nurse might be able to see your prolapse when you have your routine cervical smear test . Not all woman undergo regular smear tests, for example if your cervix has been removed, so it is important to recognise these symptoms.
When a prolapse is larger, you may notice things such as:
These signs can be worse at the end of the day and may feel better after lying down. If the prolapse bulges right outside your body, you may feel sore and bleed as the prolapse rubs on your underwear.
To diagnose a prolapse your doctor will need to perform a vaginal examination. You can choose if this happens on your initial visit. Some people may find this stressful especially for those who previously have had a traumatising experience, particularly a sexual assault. It can be helpful for your doctor to know if this is the case. The examination will be done in a private and respectful way and you are welcome to bring a support person. A speculum, a plastic or metal instrument, may be inserted. This is used to separate the walls of the vagina so your doctor can see into your vaginal cavity to diagnose exactly which organ(s) are prolapsing.
You may be told you have a mild prolapse with little or no symptoms, meaning no treatment is needed at this stage. However, some degree of prolapse is quite common and if it doesn't trouble you there's no need to get it regularly checked. There are many self-care tips that you can follow to help prevent further prolapse, ease any symptoms you may have, or prevent the prolapse from becoming bothersome.
Things you can do to improve your symptoms
If your symptoms are more severe, your doctor will discuss the following treatment options with you:
The following links provide further information on pelvic organ prolapse. Be aware that websites from other countries may contain information that differs from New Zealand recommendations.
A pessary is a small silicone or plastic support that is inserted into your vagina. It helps to lift up the walls of your vagina and any prolapse of your womb (uterus).
Pessaries come in a number of sizes and shapes. You may need to try a few before you find one that is comfortable and provides the right support . It is left in place in your vagina. Pessaries don’t fix prolapses but they can reduce or lessen the symptoms of prolapse and help you live more comfortably. Vaginal pessaries are easily inserted but must be inserted by a trained and experienced health professional – your GP or a gynaecologist (a doctor specialising in the female reproductive system). T hey need to be checked every 6–12 months, depending on the type. If you have pain or difficulty passing urine (peeing) after you have a vaginal pessary inserted, you should speak to your doctor as soon as possible as t he pessary may need to be chang ed for a different size. If you have a pessary that is the right size and in the right position, you won’t be able to feel it and you’ll be able to do all your normal activities. It’s also okay to have sex with a pessary and your partner should not be able to feel it. A pessary that is the wrong size can fall out but it cannot end up anywhere else in your body.
It can be an option for women who do not wish to have surgery. This includes if you are:
Vaginal pessaries do not usually cause any problems, but may affect the sensitive skin inside your vagina which can be painful. Some women notice some discomfort during sex. Other side effects include :
If you experience any of the things listed below, d on’t wait for a follow-up appointment, but talk to you r doctor or nurse .
Vaginal pessary Family Doctor, American Academy of Family Physicians
I love the outdoors. I’m a keen tramper. I enjoy stand up paddleboarding (SUP) and surfing, kiteboarding, sailing. I run bush skills courses for women. I can spend hours working in the garden. I feel fit and active.
In July 2019, my peeing felt a little bit different for a couple of days. The following night I had to get up to the loo nearly every hour, each time feeling more uncomfortable ‘down there’. Explaining it to my husband the next morning, I said “it feels like something is going to fall out of my vagina”. No other way to describe it.
After googling my symptoms, ‘bladder prolapse’ appeared on the screen. It sounded vaguely familiar, but I certainly couldn’t relate it to me. Luckily I managed to get the last appointment at the medical centre (it was Friday of all days!). The doctor’s examination confirmed a prolapse – not bladder but uterus. I felt stunned. Read more of this story .
I was 35 years old and three weeks postpartum after my first baby when (after lots of googling with few answers) I went to a GP thinking I had a prolapse. This was because I had looked at my bits with a mirror and didn’t think they looked right! Even considering that I’d not long pushed a baby out, I still thought it didn’t look or feel right. I could see ridgy bumps and other soft pink bulges coming out that I had NEVER seen before. The GP said I didn’t have a prolapse. She did tell me how she had a prolapse from giving birth though! I was a bit miffed but that was that.
During labour my midwife had said that my pelvic floor was ‘too good’ and was hindering my pushing efforts. I’ve worked out since that you need to learn to relax those muscles to push a baby out! I’ve also heard you can really damage your pelvic floor even if it was really good to begin with. Who knew?! Read more of this story .
I am 50 years old with three children.
I have had issues with a weak pelvic floor for years. When my kids were tiny, I did a few Kegel exercises, but never progressed on from that. When my youngest daughter was about 2 years old, we went camping and I joined in a softball game. The running caused great leaking and I ended up with soaked trousers. I still thought it was just my pelvic floor and still didn't get it checked out properly.
A few years later, I had mycoplasma pneumonia and coughed like crazy for three weeks, needing to wear a panty liner constantly as I was leaking so much. I still didn't think much of it...! Well, I realised it was bad, but I was still thinking ‘weak pelvic floor’.
I am a 34-year-old kiwi physiotherapist, and have always been active with netball, mountain biking, whitewater kayaking, and adventure racing. I have three children who were born when I was 26, 28 and 33. They were all fairly good sizes and my deliveries were natural, with no complications, and extremely fast (just a few minutes of pushing). After my first baby I started walking immediately and started some occasional running and social basketball from when she was about 8 weeks old, with no problems.
After my second baby, I became aware that things didn’t feel right when he was a few days old – a walk to the end of the driveway made me feel heavy in my pelvic area and I realised I had a prolapse. I saw my GP who wasn’t particularly helpful, and worked hard at pelvic floor strengthening which I designed using my physiotherapy knowledge. After about eight months I did return to everything that I enjoy including netball and long runs (3–4 hours). I found it hard to tell anyone that I had a prolapse – as if being fit, active and a physiotherapist should have protected me, and I felt embarrassed even though I knew how common it was.
The content on this page will be of most use to clinicians, such as nurses, doctors, pharmacists, specialists and other healthcare providers.
(Goodfellow Unit Webinar, NZ, 2020)
Access to the following regional pathways is localised for each region and access is limited to health providers. If you do not know the login details, contact your DHB or PHO for more information:
Phone Healthline for free on 0800 611 116 any time of the day or night for advice on any health issue, no matter how small. In an emergency, phone 111 for an ambulance. Find a physiotherapist Contact Physiotherapy NZ for help with pelvic conditions.
Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists, UK, 2013
A pessary is a small silicone or plastic support that is inserted into your vagina. It helps to lift up the walls of your vagina and any prolapse of your womb (uterus).
Pessaries come in a number of sizes and shapes. You may need to try a few before you find one that is comfortable and provides the right support . It is left in place in your vagina. Pessaries don’t fix prolapses but they can reduce or lessen the symptoms of prolapse and help you live more comfortably. Vaginal pessaries are easily inserted but must be inserted by a trained and experienced health professional – your GP or a gynaecologist (a doctor specialising in the female reproductive system). T hey need to be checked every 6–12 months, depending on the type. If you have pain or difficulty passing urine (peeing) after you have a vaginal pessary inserted, you should speak to your doctor as soon as possible as t he pessary may need to be chang ed for a different size. If you have a pessary that is the right size and in the right position, you won’t be able to feel it and you’ll be able to do all your normal activities. It’s also okay to have sex with a pessary and your partner should not be able to feel it. A pessary that is the wrong size can fall out but it cannot end up anywhere else in your body.
It can be an option for women who do not wish to have surgery. This includes if you are:
Vaginal pessaries do not usually cause any problems, but may affect the sensitive skin inside your vagina which can be painful. Some women notice some discomfort during sex. Other side effects include :
If you experience any of the things listed below, d on’t wait for a follow-up appointment, but talk to you r doctor or nurse .
Vaginal pessary Family Doctor, American Academy of Family Physicians
I love the outdoors. I’m a keen tramper. I enjoy stand up paddleboarding (SUP) and surfing, kiteboarding, sailing. I run bush skills courses for women. I can spend hours working in the garden. I feel fit and active.
In July 2019, my peeing felt a little bit different for a couple of days. The following night I had to get up to the loo nearly every hour, each time feeling more uncomfortable ‘down there’. Explaining it to my husband the next morning, I said “it feels like something is going to fall out of my vagina”. No other way to descri
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