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This document describes how to troubleshoot Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).
Readers of this document should have knowledge of this topic:
This document is based on the Configuring Basic MPLS Using OSPF sample configuration and presumes that you have configured these elements:
IP address and a routing protocol such as Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF Protocol) or Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Protocol (IS-IS Protocol)
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) or distributed CEF switching on all routers
General MPLS or tag switching on all routers
MPLS or tag switching on all required interfaces
If you have doubts about which hardware or Cisco IOS® Software releases support MPLS, refer to the Software Advisor.
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions.
This section contains several MPLS troubleshoot procedures.
Issue the show ip protocols command in order to display the parameters and current state of the active routing protocol process:
Ensure that the protocol routes for the MPLS network and all neighbors are present. You can also issue the show ip route command in order to verify the routing table:
If the routers or routes are not present, investigate the routing protocol process. Refer to the OSPF Support Page in order to investigate the routing protocol process.
Issue the show ip cef summary command in order to display specific entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) with IP address information as a basis. This output shows Normal status:
Issue the show ip cef and show ip cef interface commands in order to verify CEF status. If CEF has not been enabled, nothing appears:
Refer to the Cisco Express Forwarding Overview if you continue to have problems with the enablement of CEF.
Issue the show mpls interfaces command in order to ensure that MPLS is globally enabled. This command also verifies that a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) runs on the requested interfaces:
This field shows that MPLS IP is configured for an interface. The LDP appears in parentheses to the right of the IP status. The LDP is either:
Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP), which the Cisco Tag Switching architecture defines
LDP, as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defines in RFC 3036
This field indicates the capacity of traffic engineering on the interface.
Note: In the example output, the Operational field is down on Serial0/1.2 because the interface is down.
An unlabeled connection must be up between each pair of router neighbors. The routing protocol and the LDP use the unlabeled connection to build the routing table and the label forwarding information base (LFIB).
Issue the show tag-switching tdp discovery command in order to display the discovered neighbors:
In the show tag-switching tdp discovery command output, the use of TDP binds labels with routes. If any of the presumed neighbors is not present and you cannot ping the presumed neighbor, a connectivity problem exists and the LDP cannot run. If LDP runs correctly, it assigns one label per forwarding equivalent class.
Note: If the router ID for the LDP cannot be reached from the global routing table, the neighbor relationship fails to establish.
Issue the show tag-switching tdp bindings command in order to ensure the assignment of labels to each destination. You can use commands such as the show tag-switching forwarding-table {ip address | prefix} detail command in order to verify the different routes and the labels associated with the routes.
The output that this section shows contains label bindings for 10.10.10.x/32 networks, which are the interfaces of each label switch router (LSR):
Note: There are multiple labels for each LSR. Each label corresponds to a different path.
Use the debug mpls packet command or the MPLS-aware traceroute command functionality in order to make sure that the labels are set.
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