Masochists Wiki

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Masochists Wiki
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
± show ▼ someone who enjoys pain or humiliation
Qualifier: (e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code : (e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: (e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
masochist c ( singular definite masochisten , plural indefinite masochister )

masochist m ( plural masochisten , diminutive masochistje n )

masochist m or n ( feminine singular masochistă , masculine plural masochiști , feminine and neuter plural masochiste )


Arabic: مَازُوشِي ‎ m ( māzūšī )
Catalan: masoquista m or f
Czech: masochista m
Dutch: masochist (nl) m
Esperanto: masoĥisto
Finnish: masokisti (fi)
French: masochiste (fr)
Galician: masoquista m or f
Georgian: მაზოხისტი ( mazoxisṭi )
German: Masochist (de) m , Masochistin (de) f
Greek: μαζοχιστής (el) m ( mazochistís ) , μαζοχίστρια (el) f ( mazochístria )


Hungarian: mazochista
Icelandic: masókisti m
Italian: masochista (it) m or f
Japanese: まぞ ( mazo )
Korean: 마조히스트 ( majohiseuteu ) , 마조 ( majo ) ( slang )
Malay: masokis
Polish: masochista (pl) m , masochistka (pl) f
Portuguese: masoquista m or f
Russian: мазохи́ст (ru) m ( mazoxíst )
Spanish: masoquista (es) m or f
Swedish: masochist (sv) c
Turkish: mazoşist (tr)


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"S&M" and "Masochism" redirect here. For other uses, see S&M (disambiguation) and Masochism (disambiguation) .
Giving or receiving of pleasure from acts involving the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation
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This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Sadomasochism" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
A male dominant whips a woman, from Nights of Horror (1950s) by Joe Shuster , co-creator of Superman
A female dominant with a male submissive at her feet, from Dresseuses d'Hommes (1931) by the Belgian artist Luc Lafnet [ nl ]
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This section provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject . Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader . ( November 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ Jump up to: a b Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Murray, Thomas Edward; Murrell, Thomas R. (1989). The Language of Sadomasochism: A Glossary and Linguistic Analysis . Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-313-26481-8 .

^ Aron, Lewis; Starr, Karen (2013). A Psychotherapy for the People: Toward a Progressive Psychoanalysis . New York: Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 9780415529983 .

^ Jump up to: a b Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PDF) (4 ed.). Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 1994. p. 525. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2011. A Paraphilia must be distinguished from the nonpathological use of sexual fantasies, behaviors, or objects as a stimulus for sexual excitement in individuals without a paraphilia. Fantasies, behaviors, or objects are paraphiliac only when they lead to clinically significant distress or impairment (e.g., are obligatory, result in sexual dysfunction, require participation of nonconsenting individuals, lead to legal complications, interfere with social relationships).

^ Fedoroff 2008 , p. 637:"Sexual arousal from consensual interactions that include domination should be distinguished from nonconsensual sex acts."

^ Neuwirth, Rostam J. (2018). Law in the Time of Oxymora: A Synaesthesia of Language, Logic and Law . Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-17018-5 .

^ Hyde, J. S., & DeLamater, J. D. (1999). Understanding human sexuality. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 432-435

^ Details describing the development of the theoretical construct "Perversion" by Krafft-Ebing and his relation of these terms. (See Andrea Beckmann, Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture , 8(2) (2001) 66-95 online under Deconstructing Myths

^ Isidor Isaak Sadger: Über den sado-masochistischen Komplex. in: Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen, Bd. 5, 1913, S. 157–232 (German)

^ Krueger & Kaplan 2001, p. 393

^ Byrne, Romana (2013) Aesthetic Sexuality: A Literary History of Sadomasochism , New York: Bloomsbury, pp. 1–4.

^ Rathbone, June (6 December 2012). Anatomy of Masochism . Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4615-1347-6 .

^ Murray, Thomas Edward; Murrell, Thomas R. (1989). The Language of Sadomasochism: A Glossary and Linguistic Analysis . Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 0-313-26481-3 .

^ von Krafft-Ebing, Richard (1886). "Masochis" . Psychopathia Sexualis . New York, Rebman. p. 131. [The masochist] is controlled by the idea of being completely and unconditionally subject to the will of a person of the opposite sex; of being treated by this person as by a master, humiliated and abused. This idea is coloured by lustful feeling; the masochist lives in fancies, in which he creates situations of this kind and often attempts to realise them

^ Deleuze, Gilles (1997) [1967]. "Chapter 3, Are Sade and Masoch Complementary?". Coldness and Cruelty . Zone Books. ISBN 0-942299-55-8 . We are told [by Freud] that some individuals experience pleasure both in inflicting pain and in suffering it. We are told furthermore that the person who enjoys inflicting pain experiences in his innermost being the link that exists between the pleasure and the pain. But the question is whether these 'facts' are not mere abstractions, whether the pleasure-pain link is being abstracted from the concrete formal conditions in which it arises. [...] Even though the sadist may definitely enjoy being hurt, it does not follow that he enjoys it in the same way as the masochist; [...] The concurrence of sadism and masochism is fundamentally one of analogy only [...]

^ Moore, Alison (2009). "Rethinking Gendered Perversion and Degeneration in Visions of Sadism and Masochism, 1886-1930" . Journal of the History of Sexuality . 18 (1): 138–157. doi : 10.1353/sex.0.0034 . JSTOR 20542722 . PMID 19274884 . S2CID 32855635 . Retrieved 25 April 2021 . For Krafft-Ebing women’s organic masochism (and the advantage men may take of it) was one of the things that the civilizing process was seen to curtail. [...] women’s subordination was equated with their organic masochism.

^ Ellis, Havelock. Stidies in the Psychology of Sex: Analysis of the Sexual Impulse; Love and Pain; The Sexual Impulse in Women . Vol. 3. Project Gutenberg. p. 150 . Retrieved 25 April 2021 .

^ Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness

^ Interview with Dr. Joseph Merlino , David Shankbone, Wikinews , October 5, 2007.

^ Fedoroff 2008 , p. 640: "...surveys have found no difference in frequency of sadistic fantasies in men and women."

^ Fedoroff 2008 , p. 644: "This review indicates that sexual sadism, as currently defined, is a heterogeneous phenomenon."

^ Krueger, Richard B. (8 December 2009). "The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Sexual Sadism" (PDF) . Archives of Sexual Behavior . 39 (2): 325–345. doi : 10.1007/s10508-009-9586-3 . ISSN 0004-0002 . PMID 19997774 . S2CID 11495623 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2015.

^ Krueger, Richard B. (10 March 2010). "The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Sexual Masochism" (PDF) . Archives of Sexual Behavior . 39 (2): 346–356. doi : 10.1007/s10508-010-9613-4 . ISSN 0004-0002 . PMID 20221792 . S2CID 17284505 .

^ Krueger & Kaplan 2001 , p. 393: "as with many of the paraphilic disorders, these disorders represent a spectrum between sexual behavior that is socially acceptable and nonpathological and behavior that becomes pathological when an individual begins to suffer subjective distress or an impairment in functioning..."

^ Jump up to: a b c Reed, Geoffrey M.; Drescher, Jack; Krueger, Richard B.; Atalla, Elham; Cochran, Susan D.; First, Michael B.; Cohen‐Kettenis, Peggy T.; Arango‐de Montis, Iván; Parish, Sharon J. (October 2016). "Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD‐11: revising the ICD‐10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations" . World Psychiatry . 15 (3): 205–221. doi : 10.1002/wps.20354 . ISSN 1723-8617 . PMC 5032510 . PMID 27717275 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Krueger, Richard B.; Reed, Geoffrey M.; First, Michael B.; Marais, Adele; Kismodi, Eszter; Briken, Peer (2017). "Proposals for Paraphilic Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11)" . Archives of Sexual Behavior . 46 (5): 1529–1545. doi : 10.1007/s10508-017-0944-2 . ISSN 0004-0002 . PMC 5487931 . PMID 28210933 .

^ Giami, Alain (2 May 2015). "Between DSM and ICD: Paraphilias and the Transformation of Sexual Norms". Archives of Sexual Behavior . 44 (5): 1127–1138. doi : 10.1007/s10508-015-0549-6 . ISSN 0004-0002 . PMID 25933671 . S2CID 21614140 .

^ Reiersøl, O.; Skeid, S (2006). "The ICD diagnoses of fetishism and sadomasochism". Journal of Homosexuality . 50 (2–3): 243–62. doi : 10.1300/J082v50n02_12 . PMID 16803767 . S2CID 7120928 .

^ "ICD Revision White Paper" . Revise F65 . 24 September 2009 . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .

^ "The ICD-11 Revision: Scientific and political support for the Revise F65 reform Second report to the World Health Organization" . Revise F65 . 11 November 2011 . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .

^ "Fetish and SM diagnoses deleted in Sweden" . ReviseF65. 17 November 2008. Archived from the original on 27 December 2009 . Retrieved 4 March 2010 .

^ "SM and fetish off the Norwegian sick list" . ReviseF65. 6 February 2010. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010 . Retrieved 4 March 2010 .

^ "Finland joins Nordic sexual reform" . ReviseF65. 13 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 June 2011 . Retrieved 7 June 2011 .

^ "Iceland removes Sadomasochism as a diagnosis" . Revise F65 . 17 November 2018 . Retrieved 26 December 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b Cochran, Susan D; Drescher, Jack; Kismödi, Eszter; Giami, Alain; García-Moreno, Claudia; Atalla, Elham; Marais, Adele; Vieira, Elisabeth Meloni; Reed, Geoffrey M (17 June 2014). "Proposed declassification of disease categories related to sexual orientation in theInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-11)" . Bulletin of the World Health Organization . 92 (9): 672–679. doi : 10.2471/blt.14.135541 . ISSN 0042-9686 . PMC 4208576 . PMID 25378758 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Nackte Fakten – Statistik für Zahlenfetischisten" (in German). Archived from the original on 8 December 2008 . Retrieved 9 November 2008 .

^ Aggrawal, Anil (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices . Boca Raton: CRC Press . ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-2 .

^ Roffee, James (2015). "When Yes Actually Means Yes". When Yes Actually Means Yes in Rape Justice . pp. 72–91. doi : 10.1057/9781137476159.0009 . ISBN 9781137476159 .

^ Jeffreys, Sheila (1993). The Lesbian Heresy . North Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Spinifex. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-875559-17-6 .

^ Lykke, Nina (5 April 2010). Feminist Studies: A Guide to Intersectional Theory, Methodology and Writing . Routledge. pp. 101–. ISBN 978-1-136-97898-2 .

^ Ernulf, Kurt E.; Innala, Sune M. (1995). "Sexual bondage: A review and unobtrusive investigation". Archives of Sexual Behavior . 24 (6): 631–654. doi : 10.1007/BF01542185 . ISSN 0004-0002 . PMID 8572912 . S2CID 6495515 .

^ Townsend, Larry (1983). The Leatherman's Handbook II . New York: Modernismo Publications. p. 26. ISBN 0-89237-010-6 .


Wikiquote has quotations related to Sadomasochism .
Look up masochism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up sadism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Sadomasochism ( / ˌ s eɪ d oʊ ˈ m æ s ə k ɪ z əm / SAY -doh- MASS -ə-kiz-əm ) [1] is the giving and receiving of pleasure from acts involving the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation . [2] Practitioners of sadomasochism may seek sexual pleasure from their acts. While the terms sadist and masochist refer respectively to one who enjoys giving and receiving pain, some practitioners of sadomasochism may switch between activity and passivity. [3]

The abbreviation S&M is commonly used for Sadomasochism (or Sadism & Masochism), although the initialisms S-M , SM , or S/M are also used, particularly by practitioners. Sadomasochism is not considered a clinical paraphilia unless such practices lead to clinically significant distress or impairment for a diagnosis. [4] Similarly, sexual sadism within the context of mutual consent , generally known under the heading BDSM , is distinguished from non-consensual acts of sexual violence or aggression. [5]

The word sadomasochism is a portmanteau of the words sadism ( / ˈ s eɪ d ɪ z əm / ) [1] and masochism . [6] The two words incorporated into this compound, "sadism" and "masochism", were originally derived from the names of two authors. The term "sadism" has its origin in the name of the Marquis de Sade (1740–1814), who not only practised sexual sadism, but also wrote novels about these practices, of which the best known is Justine . "Masochism" is named after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), who wrote novels expressing his masochistic fantasies. [7] These terms were first selected for identifying human behavioural phenomena and for the classification of psychological illnesses or deviant behaviour. The German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing introduced the terms "Sadism" and "Masochism"' into medical terminology in his work Neue Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der Psychopathia sexualis ("New research in the area of Psychopathology of Sex") in 1890. [8]

In 1905, Sigmund Freud described sadism and masochism in his Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie ("Three papers on Sexual Theory") as stemming from aberrant psychological development from early childhood. He also laid the groundwork for the widely accepted medical perspective on the subject in the following decades. This led to the first compound usage of the terminology in Sado-Masochism (Loureiroian "Sado-Masochismus") by the Viennese Psychoanalyst Isidor Isaak Sadger in his work Über den sado-masochistischen Komplex ("Regarding the sadomasochistic complex") in 1913. [9]

In the later 20th century, BDSM activists have protested against these ideas, because, they argue, they are based on the philosophies of the two psychiatrists, Freud and Krafft-Ebing, whose theories were built on the assumption of psychopathology and their observations of psychiatric patients. The DSM nomenclature referring to sexual psychopathology has been criticized as lacking scientific veracity, [10] and advocates of sadomasochism [ who? ] have sought to separate themselves from psychiatric theory by the adoption of the term BDSM instead of the common psychological abbreviation, "S&M". [ citation needed ] However, the term BDSM also includes B&D ( bondage and discipline ), D/s (dominance and submission), and S&M ( sadism and masochism). [ citation needed ] The terms bondage and discipline usually refer to the use of either physical or psychological restraint or punishment, and sometimes involves sexual role playing, including the use of costumes. [ citation needed ]

In contrast to frameworks seeking to explain sadomasochism through psychological, psychoanalytic, medical, or forensic approaches, which seek to categorize behavior and desires, and find a root cause, Romana Byrne suggests that such practices can be seen as examples of " aesthetic sexuality", in which a founding physiological or psychological impulse is irrelevant. Rather, according to Byrne, sadism and masochism may be practiced through choice and deliberation, driven by certain aesthetic goals tied to style, pleasure, and identity, which in certain circumstances, she claims can be compared with the creation of art. [11]

Sadomasochism, or the use of pain as a sexual stimulant has been practiced since ancient times with some scholars suggesting that it is an integral part of human culture. [2] There are even those who propose that it is already present among nonhuman primate and primitive human communities before emerging in ancient Egyptian, Indian, Oriental, and Arab cultures. [12] One of the oldest surviving narratives that cited its practice was an Egyptian love song, sung by a man expressing a desire to be subjugated by a woman so he could experience pleasure as she treats him like a slave. [2] The Roman historian Juvenal also described a case of a woman who submitted herself to the whipping and beating of the followers of Pan . [13]

The modern conceptualization of sadomasochism stemmed from the terms sadism and masochism introduced to the medical field by German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing in his 1886 compilation of case studies Psychopathia Sexualis . Pain and physical violence are not essential in Krafft-Ebing's conception, and he defined "masochism" (German Masochismus ) entirely in terms of control. [14] Sigmund Freud , a psychoanalyst and a contemporary of Krafft-Ebing, noted that both were often found in the same individuals, and combined the two into a single dichotomous entity known as "sadomasochism" (German Sadomasochismus , often abbreviated as S&M or S/M ). This observation is commonly verified in both literature and practice; many practitioners, both sadists and masochists, define themselves as switches and " switchable " — capable of taking and deriving pleasure in either role. However, French philosopher Gilles Deleuze argued that the concurrence of sadism and masochism proposed in Freud's model is the result of "careless reasoning," and should not be taken for granted. [15]

Freud introduced the terms "primary" and "secondary" masochism. Though this idea has come under a number of interpretations, in a primary masochism the masochist undergoes a complete, rather than partial, rejection by the model or courted object (or sadist), possibly involving the model taking a rival as a preferred mate . This complete rejection is related to the death drive ( Todestrieb ) in Freud's psychoanalysis. In a secondary masochism, by contrast, the masochist experiences a less serious, more feigned rejection and punishment by the model. Secondary masochism, in other words, is the relatively casual version, mo
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