Martaba yo‘li va darajalar (The Pentester Blueprint asosida)

Kiberxavfsizlik sohasida martaba qilishni istaganlar uchun aniq, tizimli va bosqichma-bosqich yo‘l xaritasi zarur. "The Pentest…

1. Boshlang'ich daraja: Asosiy bilim va ko'nikmalar

Bu bosqichda quyidagi mahoratlarni shakllantirish kerak:

• Tarmoq asoslari: OSI modeli, IP manzillash, DHCP, DNS, routing, switching.
• Operatsion tizimlar: Linux (Debian/Kali, Ubuntu), Windows (CMD, PowerShell).
• Virtualizatsiya: VirtualBox yoki VMware orqali mashqlar qilish.
• Buyruq satri asoslari: bash, cmd, PowerShell buyruqlari.
• Protokollarni tushunish: HTTP/S, FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, SNMP.

Asboblar va platformalar: TryHackMe (Beginner Path), HackTheBox (Starting Point), Blue Team Labs Online.

2. O'rta daraja: Amaliy ko'nikma va maxsuslashtirish

Ushbu bosqichda siz quyidagilarga e'tibor qaratasiz:

• Etik xakerlik asoslari: OWASP Top 10, hujum vektorlarini tushunish.
• Zararlanishlar: XSS, SQLi, IDOR, CSRF, LFI, RFI.
• Vulnerability assessment: Nessus, OpenVAS.
• Penetratsiya testi metodologiyasi: Recon, scanning, enumeration, exploitation, post-exploitation.
• CLI asosidagi asboblar: Nmap, Nikto, Gobuster, Wfuzz.

Kurslar: PEN-100 (OffSec), eJPT (INE/TCM), HTB Academy (Intermediate Tracks).

Platformalar: HackTheBox, PortSwigger Academy, VulnHub, OverTheWire.

3. Professional daraja: Sertifikatlar va real dunyo tajribasi

Bu bosqichda siz real muammolar bilan ishlay boshlaysiz:

• Penetratsiya testining to'liq hujjatlari: professional report yozish, mijozga tushunarli tarzda taqdim qilish.
• Advanced TTPs: privilege escalation, persistence, lateral movement.
• Red teaming va purple teaming boshlanishi.
• Sertifikatlar: OSCP (OffSec), PNPT (TCM), CRTO, eCPPT, CompTIA Pentest+.

Platformalar va tajriba: Bug Bounty (HackerOne, Bugcrowd), real dunyo testlari, freelance buyurtmalar.

4. Ekspert daraja: Ixtisoslashuv va yetakchilik

• Tizim infratuzilmasini sinchkovlik bilan tahlil qilish: Active Directory, kerberoasting, AS-REP roasting.
• Purple Teaming: hujumni aniqlash (EDR, SIEM), hujumga qarshi tahlil.
• Exploit development: Buffer overflow, Reverse engineering, Assembly, C, Python.
• Yetakchilik: juniorlar bilan mentorlik, team lead vazifalari.
• Konferensiyalar, nashrlar: DEFCON, BlackHat, RootedCON, blog postlar, CVE submission.

Xulosa:

Pentesterlik – bu bir yo'nalish emas, balki bir nechta yo‘nalishlarni o'z ichiga olgan kasb: Web Pentest, Network Pentest, Mobile App Pentest, Red Team, Reverse Engineering, Bug Bounty va boshqalar. Har bir bosqichda sabr, qat'iyat, muntazam o'qish va mashq muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Har bir daraja sizni yanada yuqoriroq bilim va tajribaga olib chiqadi. Bu bosqichlarni birma-bir o'zlashtirib borish orqali siz malakali va talabgir kiberxavfsizlik mutaxassisi bo'lishingiz mumkin.

Muallif: The Pentester Blueprint kitobidan ilhomlangan holda yozildi.