Марина у зеркала 29 фото
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Марина у зеркала 29 фото
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Культура «Мой герцог светлокудрый». Как брошь Марины Цветаевой связана с Наполеонами
Культура Истории «кораблиного дома». Изучаем новую выставку Дома-музея Марины Цветаевой
Культура История музейных зданий. Идем в гости к Марине Цветаевой
Зеркало из дома в Трехпрудном переулке, где родилась и выросла Марина Цветаева, сегодня можно увидеть на недавно открывшейся выставке «Дом необычайной судьбы». Экспозиция приурочена к 130-летию со дня рождения знаменитой поэтессы. Это самый большой из мемориальных предметов семьи Цветаевых и один из самых эмоционально окрашенных. Зеркало, ставшее свидетелем утраты дома, может рассказать о многом.
Семь окон одноэтажного со стороны фасада деревянного здания с антресолями, где выросла Марина Цветаева, выходило в Трехпрудный переулок. Позади дома был дворик, в котором располагались жилой флигель и служебные постройки. В доме было 11 комнат: пятиоконная зала, гостиная, кабинет, спальня, столовая, девичья, передняя и детские комнаты на втором этаже. В 1909 году юная Марина Цветаева писала:
Засыхали в небе изумрудном Капли звезд — и пели петухи… Это было в доме старом, в доме чудном… Чудный дом, наш дивный дом в Трехпрудном — Превратившийся теперь в стихи!
С. Ланшакова. Офорт. Марина и Анастасия Цветаевы и Сергей Эфрон в гостиной дома в Трехпрудном. 2010-е годы. Дом-музей Марины Цветаевой
Воспоминания о жизни в этом доме, окруженном тополями и акациями, она хранила всю жизнь. В 1936 году в письме своей подруге и переводчице на чешский Анне Тесковой Марина Ивановна сравнивала его с домом Ростовых из романа Льва Толстого «Война и мир»: «...Это был целый мир, вроде именья (Hof), и целый психический мир — не меньше, а может быть, и больше дома Ростовых».
Дом детства Марины Цветаевой ее отец получил в приданое за своей первой женой Варварой Дмитриевной. Дочь известного историка Дмитрия Иловайского, она скоропостижно скончалась через несколько дней после рождения сына. Через год Иван Владимирович женился повторно — на Марии Мейн. Она заменила мать его старшим детям, Валерии и Андрею, и родила двух дочерей — Марину и Анастасию. Мария Александровна ушла из жизни в 1906 году, Иван Владимирович — в 1913-м. К этому моменту дети уже покинули родное гнездо, но по счастливому стечению обстоятельств в последние дни отца все четверо оказались рядом с ним. Летом 1913 года зеркало в тяжелой золоченой раме в последний раз отразило семью вместе.
После смерти Ивана Цветаева жизненные пути его детей разошлись, общение младших со старшими было эпизодическим. Андрей Цветаев, юрист по образованию, работал художником-декоратором, был специалистом по западноевропейской живописи и фарфору. Он умер в 1933 году от туберкулеза. Его сестра Валерия Цветаева стала известным хореографом. Она училась у легендарных Айседоры Дункан и Людмилы Алексеевой, в 1920 году организовала свою студию «Искусство движения», в 1923-м получившую статус государственных курсов и базировавшуюся в мастерских ВХУТЕМАСа и клубе «Москвошвея». После ликвидации курсов в 1932 году Валерия Ивановна работала в оперно-двигательной студии Константина Станиславского, Мосэстраде, студии акробатики при Госцирке. Она ушла из жизни в 1966 году в возрасте 83 лет.
Иван Цветаев. 1903 год. Главархив Москвы
Марина и Анастасия Цветаевы покинули дом своего детства в конце 1911 года. Они разделили между собой приданое матери: огромный диван в виде подковы, книжный шкаф, письменный стол, старинный комод и другие вещи.
В 1912 году Андрей Цветаев взялся за обустройство опустевшего дома. Среди предметов мебели, которые он приобрел, были два парных зеркала в пол в резных золоченых рамах. Их поместили в простенках между окнами в самой большой комнате дома — зале. Раньше на тех же местах стояли зеркала более скромные, в простых темных рамах, с небольшими полочками для подсвечников по бокам. Валерия Цветаева описала это обновление в своих «Записках»:
Вскоре после смерти отца Андрей Цветаев тоже покинул дом. А в конце 1915 года передал его под лазарет для воинов, раненных в боях Первой мировой. Мебель была отправлена на склад, кое-что понадобилось госпиталю, а остальное было вынесено из дома и сложено в сараях. С этого момента началась история утраты дома, которую Марина Цветаева предсказала в стихотворении «Ты, чьи сны еще непробудны…» (1913).
Этот тополь среди акаций Цвета пепла и серебра.
Впрочем, дом не был продан. После революции госпиталь расформировали, а дом Цветаевых в числе других ветхих деревянных построек в округе был зачислен на баланс Второй государственной типографии — бывшей скоропечатни Левенсона, находившейся неподалеку.
Последний из известных документов, связанных с домом, — справка, выданная Валерии Цветаевой в июне 1919 года фабрично-заводским комитетом Второй государственной типографии. Она давала право Валерии Цветаевой вывезти из дома принадлежавшие ей вещи. Вскоре после этого дом был снесен.
«Мы все любили свой дом в Трехпрудном. Но кто из нас, живших близко, кто, кроме брата, знал и видел гибель его? Расформирование госпиталя, отдачу соседней типографии нашего дома на слом, на дрова», — вспоминала Валерия Цветаева.
Дмитрий Иловайский с внучкой Валерией Цветаевой в имении Белая Дача. Крюково. 1903 год. Музей Зеленограда
Зеркала ни Валерия, ни Андрей забирать не стали. Они были слишком большие, тяжелые, нарядные и контрастировали с коммунальным бытом нового советского государства. А в здании бывшей скоропечатни Левенсона, построенном в 1900 году архитектором Федором Шехтелем, места для них нашлось. Там одно из зеркал и хранилось вплоть до 1990-х годов. В январе 1998 года оно было передано в дар Дому-музею Марины Цветаевой.
Подробнее с историей дома Цветаевых и историей Трехпрудного переулка можно познакомиться с помощью виртуальной реконструкции, которая представлена на сайте музея в разделе «Спецпроекты» .
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The artist often quotes the question she had been asked a lot from 1970 to 2005 ( even in America , where such questions are not asked at all): "Why is THIS art?" And she adds that the answer to this question is her whole life.
Indeed , if you read the biography and the track record of a woman about which a lot of people know only sketchy information like "she looked into people’s eyes for three months without a break" or "she lost two litres of blood as a result of her performance" - it becomes clear that this is art. Because no layman would ever be able to do that. No layman would even want to do that. So , here’s a linear ( well , almost linear) biography and the track record of a person usually spoken about either with admiration or misunderstanding. This list proves that it’s absolutely unnecessary to set the door of the Federal Security Service on fire or break the law in general in order to become the greatest rebel in art.
The "grandmother of performance art" was born on November 30 , 1947 , in Belgrade , where she fled from at the age of 29. Information about her childhood is quite unambiguous — the girl had a difficult relationship with her parents whom she rarely saw; Marina’s mom and dad were Yugoslav Partisans during the Second World War. However , the artist was born at a time when , the Abramović family became geroes , leaving stray bullets and shelters behind , and , according to Marina herself , began to pay very little attention to her. Still , it was her father who taught the artist her first performance lesson. At the age of 14 , Marina asked her father to buy her oil paints. He fulfilled her request , but his friend decided to play a trick on a teenager. He poured a mixture of paint on the canvas and blew it up with a firecracker. All the participants escaped with a whole skin , and Marina realized for the first time that in art the process could be more important than the result.
Collage (fr. collage — “gluing”) is a method used in the fine arts to create an appliqué of various fragments, different in colour and texture. This term also denotes the work performed in this technique. It was first introduced into the visual arts by the futurists and cubists, in particular, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They combined scraps of fabric, photographs and wallpaper on canvases. Famous collage makers include film director Sergei Parajanov, who combined photographs, lace scraps, porcelain and dried plants. They often try to diversify the decorating technique with pictorial tools: a brush with paint or a pen with ink. The creative genre is notable for its variegation and bold ideas. A related technique is assemblage, which involves combining various objects and their parts on a surface. Photo collages are very popular today. Read more
"My theory was always that if you have a really tragic childhood , the better the artist you become — if you´re really happy it’s different , nothing comes out of happiness. My mother and father were political careerists. They are both national heroes from the second world war — and having a child was not on their agenda , so they just gave me to my grandmother. One day , I was waiting for my grandmother. She was praying in the church , and I saw this thing in the font where you have to dip your finger to cross yourself. I was thinking that if I drank all this water then I would get holy. I was six years old and I stood up on a chair and drank the water. I just got sick," Marina said. After Marina’s father left the family , her mother , bound to raise children on her own , instilled military discipline in the family. The obligation to follow orders without questioning them and not being allowed to leave the house after 10 o’clock at night , oppressed the girl , and , judging by her interviews , Marina carried that feeling through her whole life. They say that she almost died at the same age of 14 when she played Russian roulette with her mother’s gun. As a result , having broken free from her mother’s control , Marina immediately took up things that would terrify any patriarchal parent. In 1970 , she graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Belgrade and began creating performative art. Which would become public , would be discussed by those horrified and weeping — but much later , in 30−40 years.
Balkan Erotic Epic Marina Abramović was first heard of by many because of her film , which for some time uncontrollably lived on the YouTube channel until the public saw in detail what was depicted there. This performance , acted out by real people , takes place not on stage but in the film which is available for viewing at any time. In non-public places , and typically only in fragments , though.
What’s interesting is that Abramović became known to her native audience due to this product of 2006 , and then the connoisseurs began to look for her other works — in particular , the performances of the 70's and 90's. Therefore , let’s talk about it first. In the film , Marina talks about how people in her homeland interact with nature and God , mystical and physical phenomena. It is difficult to understand how reliable this story is , but it reveals how the Balkans used to facilitate their wives' labour with their own genitals , and how they cured sick cattle using the same means. Abramović focuses on the fact that in her native culture people’s private parts were used in domestic and group village magic as those having special power. For example , "In the Balkans , to make a man love her , a woman would take a small fish and insert it into her vagina and keep it there overnight. The next morning , she would extract the fish , dry it , then grind it into power. By mixing a small amount of this powder with her lover’s coffee , it was believed that the man would never leave her," - this is one of the most innocent sentences shown in the 13-minute film , banned almost everywhere due to the number of scenes including nudity. But it can still be found in personal blogs unavailable for under-age children.
The baroque style replaced the Renaissance, and it sought to shock the soul, in contrast to the Renaissance art, which kept the distance between an artwork and the audience. It surely succeeded: the pictorial pearls of those times are the true treasures. Read more
The baroque style replaced the Renaissance, and it sought to shock the soul, in contrast to the Renaissance art, which kept the distance between an artwork and the audience. It surely succeeded: the pictorial pearls of those times are the true treasures. Read more
Rhythm 0 1974 , Studio Morra , Naples. Abramović put on the table 72 objects including a rose , a knife , a loaded gun , scissors , a whip , a flashlight , grapes , bread , apples and a black hat. Any of these objects could be used both to please Abramović, who was standing there still , and to hurt her.
Of course , there were also items for neutral purposes , but the public was interested neither in them nor in the objects intended for bringing pleasure. As soon as people realized that they could use the provided objects in any way they desired and remain unpunished , they gave up control and discovered their real wild side. The description of this performance is often cited in times of social cataclysms associated with the power and influence of the crowd. She stood motionless for six hours , even though she had been cut and nearly shot. After 6 hours , she moved towards the exit and the audience , being afraid that she could strike back. Then she came into the hotel room and saw her first strand of white hair.
Marina Abramović during the performance Rhythm 0 , 1974. Photo: royalacademy.org.uk
Rest Energy Basically , performances by Marina Abramović can be divided into two major categories — the ones she did on her own and the ones she did with Uwe Laysiepen ( Ulay), her long-standing partner and lover. Rest Energy ( 1980) is a performance about a close relationship and trust between a man and a woman , during which Ulay was holding the loaded bow with its arrow aimed right at Marina’s heart for one and a half minutes. Those were Ulay’s biological reactions , behaviour and intentions that Abramović's life depended from at that brief moment filled with emotions. Abramović had to hold the bow firmly in her grasp while leaning backwards and tensing the bow. The microphones were ruthlessly making their breathing and heartbeats audible. Later , Abramović called it one of the most difficult performances in her life.
It has always been important for artists and art collectors how to frame their works of art. We can paraphrase Shakespeare and say, “What’s in a frame? That which we call a picture In an improper frame will look less nice.” Or, perhaps, the picture’s message will be obscured by too ornate or too plain framing. Here, we present a retrospective journey into the history of framing and its evolution, with illustrations and an expert’s commentary. Read more
Death Self (1977) This is another performance about relationships. It is worth saying that every single performance made by Abramović together with Ulay was dedicated to a certain aspect of relationships. Here the conditions for the partners are quite tough: they are continuously kissing , but it’s only what the viewers could see.
Relation in Time (1977) As part of this performance , the partners sat still for 16−17 hours every day of the exhibition. An hour and a half before the audience arrived in the hall , they would sit down back to back and had their hair firmly tied together. It’s extremely difficult to sit motionless for such a long time. The position of one of the partners always depended on the position of the other one.
The fragment of the Relation in Time performance. Photo source — moore.edu
Expansion in Space (1977) Expansion in Space could be performed in different ways , each of them touching upon the open self-harm. Standing back to back , the couple ran face first into the movable ( which the audience didn’t know about) columns , shoving them with the force of their movement and the weight of their bodies alone — and at some point , after a series of efforts and fails , they succeeded at moving the columns. Crudely speaking , they hit their bodies against a lot of stuff while trying to create art. Against the walls. Each other. Columns… audience… misunderstanding.
The Great Wall (1988) This performance has quite a sad story , although everything started well. In 1980 , Abramović and Ulay decided to get married. And initially the performance was planned to be a wedding and happy one: the couple had to walk the entire length of the Great Wall of China and never separate , but it did not work out. They were waiting for the permission from the Chinese government to visit the Wall. And they got it only 8 years later. During this time , their relationship reached its limits to the point where Ulay’s interpreter was pregnant by him. Abramović and Ulay decided to break up , and the performance went nothing as planned.
The former partners walked along the wall starting from different sides , met in the middle , bid adieu and went their separate ways. And that moment may be considered the beginning of the New York period in the work of Marina Abramović, who moved overseas almost immediately after the breakup.
In general , summing up the Abramović-Ulay duo , it should be mentioned that they created much more joint performances than it is mentioned here. Under their belt , there’s also the performance of 1978 called AAA-AAA , where they continuously "produce a long sound at each other" or , putting it more simply , yell at each other… And another performance about the relationship where they run and collide repeatedly into each other , whilst naked… And another one , where they stand still and silent throughout the exhibition , one finger pointing towards the other , nearly touching each other… Alas , it’s physically impossible to mention everything these people did before they broke up.
Abramović, Ulay and La Pietà by Michelangelo. Photo source — leilao.catawiki.pt
By the way , another social "performance" was conducted by the ex-couple in 2015 , when Ulay suddenly sued his ex-girlfriend and won a 250-thousand-euros-payout against her. The claim looked like this: "She constantly uses my name in her career… and doesn’t share." The court agreed with the plaintiff. But it wasn’t the end of the story: in the spring of 2018 , they announced the joint work on a book of memoirs. Ulay was the initiator of the project.
The House with the Ocean View (2002) Such a long pause between significant works is explained quite simply: breakup , emigration , poverty and attempts to find her place in a new society. However , when Abramović, already in New York , came out of the shadow , it was quite impressive. Her performance The House with the Ocean View imitates Buddhist practice. In this case , Marina Abramović's "Zen" consists in spending 12 days under the vigilant supervision of the public , without eating , only drinking water , showering , lying , standing , meditating , and being unable to leave the stage until the end of the performance. The ladders
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