Male And Female Occupations
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Male And Female Occupations
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In 2004 various occupations were still almost completely male or female dominated. These are mainly low-level and medium-level occupations. Men dominate in construction and engineering, women in care and office jobs. In higher and academic level positions, men and women are more often represented equally. This pattern of employment has hardly changed over the last years.
Occupations with a very poor representation of women are found in the sectors construction and engineering, for instance central heating installer and car mechanic. Female lorry drivers are also very rare. The share of women in male-dominated occupations is very low. In the top ten of male-dominated occupations more than 99 percent were men.
The male-dominated top ten includes six occupations at lower level and four at medium level. The composition of the top ten has been very consistent over the years. Compared to 1996 , forklift operators and lift installers have dropped out of the top ten and have been replaced by pavers/excavation workers and welders/solderers.
The top ten of female occupations reveals that women typically work in clerical and caring occupations: medical receptionists, student nurses, home helps, care for the sick and the elderly and as (executive) secretaries. Men are relatively more often employed in typically female occupations than vice versa. Some 6 percent of people employed in care for the elderly, the mentally handicapped and the sick were males.
The female employment pattern also hardly changed since 1996. In the top ten of female-dominated occupations, nurses (medium level), supermarket till assistants and receptionists have been ousted by executive secretaries, chemist’s assistants and medical receptionists. The top ten of female occupations covers two occupations at lower level and eight at medium level.
Half of occupations where men and women are more or less equally represented are at higher or academic level. The most balanced gender distribution was found among marketing advisers/specialists and, to a lesser degree, among graphic designers, policy-makers in environmental planning, higher administrative assistants and lawyers, judges and notaries public.
In the top ten with a balanced gender distribution in 2004, there were four occupations at medium level against one at elementary level (packer). Balanced gender distribution mainly applies to higher-level professions.
Monitor of Well-being & the Sustainable Development Goals 2022
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The shifting majorities of the sexes in the workplace.
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Decades ago, men went to work and women stayed at home to take care of the home and children. This of course changed a lot. In 1950, a bit over 30 percent of women aged 16 to 64 worked, and just over 80 percent of men in the same age group did. In 2015, it’s closer to 70 percent for women and high 70s for men.
Naturally, men and women now work many of the same jobs, but many jobs are mostly men or mostly women. Here’s what it looked like in 2015, based on data from the American Community Survey.
The most female job was preschool and kindergarten teachers, and the most male was carpenters. The male-female ratios for these jobs changed little. But there are a lot of jobs in the middle of the chart that shifted plenty.
Looking more broadly, here’s how employment in different job categories changed since 1950.
At this point, the most interesting is the sum of the parts. The percentage of women not in the labor force decreased at lot between 1950 to 1990 and then kind of leveled off after that. The percentage of men not in the labor force increased some.
With this in mind, I looked for occupations that showed the biggest shifts, which as you’d expect went from mostly male to female. Some shifts were gradual like bakers and compliance officers, whereas others were quicker such as mail clerks and human resources.
Between 1950 and 2015, there were 82 occupations out of 459 that flipped from male to female and/or female to male. Out of the 82, 72 shifted from male to female majority. There were 28 occupations that shifted from majority female to male. (Keep in mind that an occupation can fluctuate more than once over the years.)
Below are the six jobs that showed the most fluctuation from majority female to male. Personal care and service workers stand out.
Want to see how other occupations have changed? Check it out below.
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