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August 23, report. This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:. A team of biomedical and medicinal specialists from the University of Milan, working with a colleague from Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, has found evidence of cocaine use by at least two people as far back as the 17th century in Europe. In their study , published in the Journal of Archaeological Science , the group analyzed the preserved brains of two people found in a crypt in Milan used as a burial site for people who died in the nearby Ospedale Maggiore—a well-known hospital of the time. Prior research has found that for thousands of years, people living in western parts of South America chewed on the leaves of the coca plant to experience its chemical effects. After it was found that the leaves could be processed to make cocaine hydrochloride salts in the 19th century, the mind-altering effects of the drug became more widely known and it became a popular recreational drug in many parts of Europe. In this new study, the research team found evidence that people were chewing the leaves of the plant to get high in at least one part of Europe nearly years earlier. The team studied the remains of people entombed in the Ca' Granda crypt, which was used as a burial site for approximately the entirety of the 17th century. As part of their work, they discovered the remains of two people who had been mummified. Study of the remains showed that both had active components of the coca plant in their brains, which meant they had been chewing its leaves. The research team also studied the pharmacological records of the Ospedale Maggiore and found no records of cocaine or coca plants being used for medicinal purposes. This suggested that the two people had been chewing the leaves for other reasons. The team noted that the two mummified individuals were buried in a place and in such a way as to suggest that they were poor, further suggesting that the coca leaves were cheap and likely plentiful and that they were chewed recreationally. More information: Gaia Giordano et al, Forensic toxicology backdates the use of coca plant Erythroxylum spp. DOI: More from Earth Sciences. Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our contact form. For general feedback, use the public comments section below please adhere to guidelines. Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. 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'Unprecedented' discovery: 17th-century mummy brains show evidence of cocaine use

Maggiore where can I buy cocaine

Traces of cocaine discovered in mummified brain tissue reveal that Europeans were chewing coca leaves — possibly for medical or recreational purposes — in the 17th century, two centuries before the earliest known documented use of the New World plant in the Old World, a new study finds. Researchers discovered the remnants of cocaine in two individuals buried in a crypt that served as a burial ground at Ospedale Maggiore, a 'pioneering hospital' in Milan that catered to the destitute, according to the study, which was published in the October issue of the Journal of Archaeological Science. Of the roughly 10, individuals buried in the crypt, researchers examined the brain tissue of nine people who had died at the hospital in the s and were naturally mummified. They performed a toxicological analysis of the tissue with a mass spectrometer, which identifies the chemical composition of a sample by measuring the mass of its individual molecules. The analysis revealed three key molecules — cocaine, hygrine and benzoylecgonine — in the brain tissue of two individuals. The presence of hygrine indicates that the cocaine in their tissues came from consuming coca leaves. Consuming cocaine salt, a method that is typically used in modern times, doesn't produce hygrine. Related: Nazca child ingested psychoactive cactus just before ceremonial death in ancient Peru. Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of coca plant Erythroxylum coca , a bush native to South America. When Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci arrived in what is now Venezuela in , he noticed that the Indigenous people chewed coca leaves with lime and roasted shells, according to the study. Later, invading Spaniards noticed that the Inca Empire controlled coca plant crops and used them for religious, recreational and medical purposes. Although the Spanish conquistadors learned about the medicinal and recreational attributes of coca leaves, they initially kept it a secret while they focused on exporting other resources, such as gold, silver, sugar and tobacco. But chewing coca leaves enabled the Spaniards to toil relentlessly in gold and silver mines, as well as on the plantations. The few conquistadors who tried sending coca leaves to Europe saw their contraband degrade during the transatlantic voyage, preventing the plant's introduction to Europe until the s. But now, it appears the plant reached Europe earlier than that. Radiocarbon dating of the bone of one of the individuals buried with those who tested positive for cocaine showed that they lived about years ago. Hospital records at Ospedale Maggiore don't mention cocaine as a treatment until the 19th century, so it's likely that these two individuals had sourced coca leaves by themselves, the researchers said. The presence of cocaine in the brain tissue hints that the cocaine intake happened when the users were close to death. Interestingly, one of the coca users also lived with tertiary syphilis and was identified as an opium user in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports. Giordano thinks that these two individuals used coca leaves either for recreation or self-medication. As the Duchy of Milan was under Spanish rule in the 17th century and was one of the destinations of sea trade from the Americas, it's possible that some coca plants reached Milan unbeknown to the authorities. Soumya Sagar holds a degree in medicine and used to do research in neurosurgery at the University of California, San Francisco. He is a passionate science writer and a voracious consumer of knowledge, especially trivia. He enjoys writing about medicine, animals, archaeology, climate change, and history. Animals have a special place in his heart. He also loves quizzing, visiting historical sites, reading Victorian literature and watching noir movies. Space photo of the week: James Webb telescope spots the ultimate 'super star cluster' deep in the Milky Way. Trending 'Indiana Jones' tomb discovery Tasmanian tiger genome Orionid meteor shower Solar maximum has arrived Best microscopes for students. Contact me with news and offers from other Future brands Receive email from us on behalf of our trusted partners or sponsors. Soumya Sagar. Social Links Navigation. More about archaeology. Most Popular. Space photo of the week: Webb telescope spies 'super star cluster'. Why didn't the Vikings colonize North America? Remains of 1,year-old Roman fort unearthed in Turkey. Why does dairy make antibiotics less effective? The universe may end in a 'Big Freeze,' holographic model of the universe suggests.

Maggiore where can I buy cocaine