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August 23, report. This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:. A team of biomedical and medicinal specialists from the University of Milan, working with a colleague from Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, has found evidence of cocaine use by at least two people as far back as the 17th century in Europe. In their study , published in the Journal of Archaeological Science , the group analyzed the preserved brains of two people found in a crypt in Milan used as a burial site for people who died in the nearby Ospedale Maggiore—a well-known hospital of the time. Prior research has found that for thousands of years, people living in western parts of South America chewed on the leaves of the coca plant to experience its chemical effects. After it was found that the leaves could be processed to make cocaine hydrochloride salts in the 19th century, the mind-altering effects of the drug became more widely known and it became a popular recreational drug in many parts of Europe. In this new study, the research team found evidence that people were chewing the leaves of the plant to get high in at least one part of Europe nearly years earlier. The team studied the remains of people entombed in the Ca' Granda crypt, which was used as a burial site for approximately the entirety of the 17th century. As part of their work, they discovered the remains of two people who had been mummified. Study of the remains showed that both had active components of the coca plant in their brains, which meant they had been chewing its leaves. The research team also studied the pharmacological records of the Ospedale Maggiore and found no records of cocaine or coca plants being used for medicinal purposes. This suggested that the two people had been chewing the leaves for other reasons. The team noted that the two mummified individuals were buried in a place and in such a way as to suggest that they were poor, further suggesting that the coca leaves were cheap and likely plentiful and that they were chewed recreationally. More information: Gaia Giordano et al, Forensic toxicology backdates the use of coca plant Erythroxylum spp. DOI: More from Earth Sciences. Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our contact form. For general feedback, use the public comments section below please adhere to guidelines. Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. 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Mummified brains show cocaine arrived in Europe far earlier than we thought

Maggiore buy cocaine

You can also add newsletters iflscience. IFLScience needs the contact information you provide to us to contact you about our products and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For information on how to unsubscribe, as well as our privacy practices and commitment to protecting your privacy, check out our Privacy Policy. Coca leaves were widely used in tea for medicinal purposes in South America for millennia, but previously there was no evidence of this in Europe. If you want to know how hard it is to win a war on drugs, consider just how quickly they get adopted, despite great obstacles. Not long after Europeans first encountered coca in South America, and centuries before anyone isolated cocaine, traces of the drug had made their way into the brain tissue of Europeans, analysis of 17th-century corpses reveals. There is widespread evidence that chewing the leaves of the Erythroxylum genus, popularly known as coca, was a popular pastime for centuries in South America. The drug we know as cocaine was probably the main attraction, but the dose was low since the leaves contain so many other molecules, some of which may have also contributed to the appeal. The conquering Spanish expressed outrage initially and tried to ban the use of the plant, but subsequently used it to fortify their power. By the midth century, chemists worked out how to purify the drug, and it took the continent by storm — or at least among those who could afford it. Although accounts of cocaine consumption are easy to find from the 19th century, it has not been known if the leaves were used in Europe beforehand. More than 10, patients from the hospital are buried in the crypt of a nearby church. Archaeologists have found the bones from the crypt to be a treasure trove, including the finding of traces of cannabis last year by the same team. Some brain tissues have also survived the passage of time surprisingly well: the researchers studied nine of these, one of whom they identified as having tertiary syphilis. Two of the samples contained cocaine itself, as well as benzoylecgonine, a molecule the body metabolizes from cocaine. The authors are confident this is not a result of modern contamination, both because of careful sample collection, and the fact not all the samples produced the same result. Excluding contamination is important. Claims have been made for cocaine in ancient Egyptian mummies , which if true would have required contact between Africa and South America for which there is no other evidence. A third molecule, hygrine, was also present in the two samples. This molecule is found in coca leaves used for chewing or making tea, but not in purified cocaine. South Americans used the leaves for many medicinal purposes. However, there are no references to coca being used by the hospital. On the other hand, it would need to have been consumed not that long before death for the detection to be made, so there is a high chance this was medicinal — perhaps as a pain killer - not recreational. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that coca leaves were apparently so widely used that even the poor had access in some places. The report is published open access in the Journal of Archaeological Science. Thank you! We have emailed you a PDF version of the article you requested. Can't find the email? Please check your spam or junk folder You can also add newsletters iflscience. Get our newsletter full of awesome, inspiring, and strange science. You can unsubscribe at any time. View our privacy policy and terms below. Discuss 0 CommentS. Email App Envelope.

Maggiore buy cocaine