Madelin Monroe

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Madelin Monroe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American actress, model, and singer (1926–1962)
"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For other uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation) .
Monroe in Niagara (1953), which dwelt on her sex appeal
Monroe, Betty Grable , and Lauren Bacall in How to Marry a Millionaire , her biggest box office success of 1953

^ Monroe had her screen name made into her legal name in early 1956. [1] [2]

^ Gladys named Mortensen as Monroe's father in the birth certificate (although the name was misspelled), [12] but it is unlikely that he was the father as their separation had taken place well before she became pregnant. [13] Biographers Fred Guiles and Lois Banner have stated that her father was likely Charles Stanley Gifford, a co-worker with whom Gladys had an affair in 1925, whereas Donald Spoto thinks another co-worker was most likely the father. [14]

^ Monroe spoke about being sexually abused by a lodger when she was eight years old to her biographers Ben Hecht in 1953–1954 and Maurice Zolotow in 1960, and in interviews for Paris Match and Cosmopolitan . [25] Although she refused to name the abuser, Banner believes he was George Atkinson, as he was a lodger and fostered Monroe when she was eight; Banner also states that Monroe's description of the abuser fits other descriptions of Atkinson. [26] Banner has argued that the abuse may have been a major causative factor in Monroe's mental health problems, and has also written that as the subject was taboo in mid-century United States, Monroe was unusual in daring to speak about it publicly. [27] Spoto does not mention the incident but states that Monroe was sexually abused by Grace's husband in 1937 and by a cousin while living with a relative in 1938. [28] Barbara Leaming repeats Monroe's account of the abuse, but earlier biographers Fred Guiles, Anthony Summers and Carl Rollyson have doubted the incident due to lack of evidence beyond Monroe's statements. [29]

^ RKO's owner Howard Hughes had expressed an interest in Monroe after seeing her on a magazine cover. [57]

^ It has sometimes been claimed that Monroe appeared as an extra in other Fox films during this period, including Green Grass of Wyoming , The Shocking Miss Pilgrim , and You Were Meant For Me , but there is no evidence to support this. [63]

^ Baumgarth was initially not happy with the photos, but published one of them in 1950; Monroe was not publicly identified as the model until 1952. Although she then contained the resulting scandal by claiming she had reluctantly posed nude due to an urgent need for cash, biographers Spoto and Banner have stated that she was not pressured (although according to Banner, she was initially hesitant due to her aspirations of movie stardom) and regarded the shoot as simply another work assignment. [74]

^ In addition to All About Eve and The Asphalt Jungle , Monroe's 1950 films were Love Happy , A Ticket to Tomahawk , Right Cross and The Fireball . Monroe also had a role in Home Town Story , released in 1951.

^ Monroe and Greene had first met and had a brief affair in 1949, and met again in 1953, when he photographed her for Look . She told him about her grievances with the studio, and Greene suggested that they start their own production company. [151]

^ Monroe underwent psychoanalysis regularly from 1955 until her death. Her analysts were psychiatrists Margaret Hohenberg (1955–57), Anna Freud (1957), Marianne Kris (1957–61), and Ralph Greenson (1960–62). [159]

^ Monroe identified with the Jewish people as a "dispossessed group" and wanted to convert to make herself part of Miller's family. [175] She was instructed by Rabbi Robert Goldberg and converted on July 1, 1956. [174] Monroe's interest in Judaism as a religion was limited: she referred to herself as a "Jewish atheist" and after her divorce from Miller, did not practice the faith aside from retaining some religious items. [174] Egypt also lifted her ban after the divorce was finalized in 1961. [174]

^ Endometriosis also caused her to experience severe menstrual pain throughout her life, necessitating a clause in her contract allowing her to be absent from work during her period; her endometriosis also required several surgeries. [189] It has sometimes been alleged that Monroe underwent several abortions , and that unsafe abortions made by persons without proper medical training would have contributed to her inability to maintain a pregnancy. [190] The abortion rumors began from statements made by Amy Greene, the wife of Milton Greene, but have not been confirmed by any concrete evidence. [191] Furthermore, Monroe's autopsy report did not note any evidence of abortions. [191]

^ Monroe first admitted herself to the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic in New York, at the suggestion of her psychiatrist Marianne Kris. [227] Kris later stated that her choice of hospital was a mistake: Monroe was placed on a ward meant for severely mentally ill people with psychosis , where she was locked in a padded cell and was not allowed to move to a more suitable ward or to leave the hospital. [227] Monroe was finally able to leave the hospital after three days with the help of Joe DiMaggio, and moved to the Columbia University Medical Center , spending a further 23 days there. [227]

^ Monroe and Kennedy had mutual friends and were familiar with each other. Although they sometimes had casual sexual encounters, there is no evidence that their relationship was serious. [234]



^ "How Did Marilyn Monroe Get Her Name? This Photo Reveals the Story" . Time .

^ "Monroe divorce papers for auction" . April 21, 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk.

^ Hertel, Howard; Heff, Don (August 6, 1962). "Marilyn Monroe Dies; Pills Blamed" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on September 25, 2015 . Retrieved September 23, 2015 .

^ Chapman 2001 , pp. 542–543; Hall 2006 , p. 468.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 3, 13–14; Banner 2012 , p. 13.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 9–10; Rollyson 2014 , pp. 26–29.

^ Miracle & Miracle 1994 , p. see family tree; Banner 2012 , pp. 19–20; Leaming 1998 , pp. 52–53.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 7–9; Banner 2012 , p. 19.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 9 for the exact year when divorce was finalized; Banner 2012 , p. 20; Leaming 1998 , pp. 52–53.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 88, for first meeting in 1944; Banner 2012 , p. 72, for mother telling Monroe of sister in 1938.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , p. 150, citing Spoto and Summers; Banner 2012 , pp. 24–25.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 150, citing Spoto, Summers and Guiles.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 149–152; Banner 2012 , p. 26; Spoto 2001 , p. 13.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , p. 152; Banner 2012 , p. 26; Spoto 2001 , p. 13.

^ Article by Elsa Keslassy in Variety 2022-04-04

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 17–26; Banner 2012 , pp. 32–35.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 16–26; Churchwell 2004 , p. 164; Banner 2012 , pp. 22–35.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 26–28; Banner 2012 , pp. 35–39; Leaming 1998 , pp. 54–55.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 26–28; Banner 2012 , pp. 35–39.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 155–156.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 155–156; Banner 2012 , pp. 39–40.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 100–101, 106–107, 215–216; Banner 2012 , pp. 39–42, 45–47, 62, 72, 91, 205.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 40–49; Churchwell 2004 , p. 165; Banner 2012 , pp. 40–62.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 33–40; Banner 2012 , pp. 40–54.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 48–49.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 40–59.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 7, 40–59.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 55; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 166–173.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 166–173.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 27, 54–73.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 47–48.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 44–45; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 165–166; Banner 2012 , pp. 62–63.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 60–63.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 49–50; Banner 2012 , pp. 62–63 (see also footnotes), 455.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 62–64.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 49–50; Banner 2012 , pp. 62–64, 455.

^ Meryman, Richard (September 14, 2007). "Great interviews of the 20th century: "When you're famous you run into human nature in a raw kind of way" " . The Guardian . Archived from the original on November 4, 2015 . Retrieved October 21, 2015 .

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 51–67; Banner 2012 , pp. 62–86.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 68–69; Banner 2012 , p. 75–77.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 73–76.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 67–69; Banner 2012 , p. 86.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 67–69.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 70–75; Banner 2012 , pp. 86–90.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 86–90.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 70–75.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 70–78.

^ Jump up to: a b c Spoto 2001 , pp. 83–86; Banner 2012 , pp. 91–98.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 90–91; Churchwell 2004 , p. 176.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 90–93; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 176–177.

^ "Yank USA 1945" . Wartime Press. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017 . Retrieved January 13, 2012 .

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 103–104.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 95–107.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 93–95; Banner 2012 , pp. 105–108.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 95, for statement & covers; Banner 2012 , p. 109, for Snively's statement.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 110–111.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 110–112; Banner 2012 , pp. 117–119.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 119.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 112–114.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 114.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 109.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 118–120; Banner 2012 , pp. 130–131.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 120–121.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , p. 59.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 122–126.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 120–121, 126; Banner 2012 , p. 133.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 122–129; Banner 2012 , p. 133.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 130–133; Banner 2012 , pp. 133–144.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 204–216, citing Summers, Spoto and Guiles for Schenck; Banner 2012 , pp. 141–144; Spoto 2001 , pp. 133–134.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 139; Spoto 2001 , pp. 133–134.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 133–134.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 148.

^ Summers 1985 , p. 43.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 151–153.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 151–153; Banner 2012 , pp. 140–149.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 145–146; Banner 2012 , pp. 149, 157.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 59–60.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 159–162.

^ Riese & Hitchens 1988 , p. 228; Spoto 2001 , p. 182.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 182.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 175–177; Banner 2012 , p. 157.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 60.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 179–187; Churchwell 2004 , p. 60.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 192.

^ Jump up to: a b Kahana, Yoram (January 30, 2014). "Marilyn: The Globes' Golden Girl" . Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) . Retrieved September 11, 2015 .

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 180–181; Banner 2012 , pp. 163–167, 181–182 for Kazan and others.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 201; Banner 2012 , p. 192.

^ Summers 1985 , p. 58; Spoto 2001 , pp. 210–213.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 210–213; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 224–226; Banner 2012 , pp. 194–195.

^ Hopper, Hedda (May 4, 1952). "They Call Her The Blowtorch Blonde" . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved October 18, 2015 .

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 210–213; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 61–62, 224–226; Banner 2012 , pp. 194–195.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 188–189; Banner 2012 , pp. 170–171, 178 for not wanting to be solely a sex symbol.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 61 for being commercially successful; Banner 2012 , p. 178 for wishes to not be solely a sex symbol.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 194–195; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 60–61.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 194–195.

^ "Clash By Night" . American Film Institute . Retrieved August 8, 2015 .

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 196–197.

^ Crowther, Bosley (July 19, 1952). "Don't Bother to Knock" . The New York Times . Retrieved August 8, 2015 .

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 61; Banner 2012 , p. 180.

^ "Review: Don't Bother to Knock" . Variety . December 31, 1951 . Retrieved August 8, 2015 .

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 200.

^ Jump up to: a b c Churchwell 2004 , p. 62.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 61.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 224–225.

^ Muir, Florabel (October 19, 1952). "Marilyn Monroe Tells: How to Deal With Wolves" . Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on November 21, 2015 . Retrieved October 18, 2015 .

^ Marilyn Monroe as told to Florabel Muir (January 1953). "Wolves I Have Known" . Motion Picture . p. 41. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021 . Retrieved January 31, 2022 .

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 238.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 139, 195, 233–234, 241, 244, 372.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 328–329; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 51–56, 238; Banner 2012 , pp. 188–189, 211–214.

^ Jump up to: a b "Filmmaker interview – Gail Levin" . Public Broadcasting Service . July 19, 2006. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016 . Retrieved July 11, 2016 .

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 328–329; Churchwell 2004 , p. 238; Banner 2012 , pp. 211–214, 311.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 257–264.

^ Banner 2012 , pp. 189–190, 210–211.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 221; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 61–65; Lev 2013 , p. 168.

^ Jump up to: a b "The 2006 Motion Picture Almanac, Top Ten Money Making Stars" . Quigley Publishing Company. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014 . Retrieved August 25, 2008 .

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 233.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 25, 62.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , p. 62; Banner 2012 , pp. 195–196.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 221; Banner 2012 , p. 205; Leaming 1998 , p. 75 on box office figure.

^ "Niagara Falls Vies With Marilyn Monroe" . The New York Times . January 22, 1953. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015 . Retrieved October 18, 2015 .

^ "Review: 'Niagara' " . Variety . December 31, 1952. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015 . Retrieved October 18, 2015 .

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 236–238; Churchwell 2004 , p. 234; Banner 2012 , pp. 205–206.

^ GlamAmor:History of Fashion in Film, May 24, 2014

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 231; Churchwell 2004 , p. 64; Banner 2012 , p. 200; Leaming 1998 , pp. 75–76.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 219–220; Banner 2012 , p. 177.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 242; Banner 2012 , pp. 208–209.

^ Solomon 1988 , p. 89; Churchwell 2004 , p. 63.

^ Brogdon, William (July 1, 1953). "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" . Variety . Archived from the original on November 21, 2015 . Retrieved October 18, 2015 .

^ Crowther, Bosley (July 16, 1953). "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on September 26, 2015 . Retrieved October 18, 2015 .

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 250.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 238; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 64–65.

^ Solomon 1988 , p. 89; Churchwell 2004 , p. 65; Lev 2013 , p. 209.

^ Solomon 1988 , p. 89.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , p. 217.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 68.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 68, 208–209.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 217.

^ Summers 1985 , p. 92; Spoto 2001 , p. 254–259.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 260.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 262–263.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 241.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 267.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , p. 271.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 66–67.

^ Riese & Hitchens 1988 , pp. 338–440; Spoto 2001 , p. 277; Churchwell 2004 , p. 66; Banner 2012 , p. 227.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 283–284.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 331.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 284–285; Banner 2012 , pp. 8–9.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 208, 222–223, 262–267, 292; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 243–245; Banner 2012 , pp. 204, 219–221.

^ Summers 1985 , pp. 103–105; Spoto 2001 , pp. 290–295; Banner 2012 , pp. 224–225.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 295–298; Churchwell 2004 , p. 246.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 158–159, 252–254.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 302–303.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 301–302.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 338.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 302.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 327.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 350.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 310–313.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 312–313, 375, 384–385, 421, 459 on years and names.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 ; Churchwell 2004 , p. 253, for Miller; Banner 2012 , p. 285, for Brando.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , p. 337; Meyers 2010 , p. 98.

^ Summers 1985 , p. 157; Spoto 2001 , pp. 318–320; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 253–254.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 339–340.

^ Jump up to: a b Banner 2012 , pp. 296–297.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , p. 341.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 343–345.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 345.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 352–357.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 352–354.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 354–358, for location and time; Banner 2012 , p. 297, 310.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 254.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 364–365.

^ Schreck, Tom (November 2014). "Marilyn Monroe's Westchester Wedding; Plus, More County Questions And Answers" . Westchester Magazine . Archived from the original on May 17, 2019 . Retrieved May 17, 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Meyers 2010 , pp. 156–157.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 256.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 253–257; Meyers 2010 , p. 155.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 358–359; Churchwell 2004 , p. 69.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 358.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 372.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , pp. 258–261.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 370–379; Churchwell 2004 , pp. 258–261; Banner 2012 , pp. 310–311.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 370–379.

^ Jump up to: a b Spoto 2001 , pp. 368–376; Banner 2012 , pp. 310–314.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 69; Banner 2012 , p. 314, for being on time.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 69.

^ Jump up to: a b Banner 2012 , p. 346.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 381–382.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 392–393, 406–407.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , pp. 274–277.

^ Churchwell 2004 , pp. 271–274; Banner 2012 , pp. 222, 226, 329–30, 335, 362.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , pp. 271–274.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 321.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 389–391.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 325 on it being a comedy on gender.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 325.

^ Churchwell 2004 , p. 626.

^ Spoto 2001 , pp. 399–407; Churchwell 2004 , p. 262.

^ Banner 2012 , p. 327 on "sinking ship" and "phallic symbol"; Rose 2014 , p. 100 for full quote.

^ Jump up to: a b Churchwell 2004 , pp. 262–266; Banner 2012 , pp. 325–327.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 406.

^ Spoto 2001 , p. 406; Banner 2012 , p. 346.

^ "Review: 'Some Like It Hot' " . Variety . February 24, 1959. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015 . Retrieved October 21, 2015 .

^ "The 100 greatest comedies of all time" . BBC. August 22, 2017. Archived from the original on January 11, 2018 . Retrieved January 21, 2018 .

^ "Some Like It Hot" . American Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 17, 2019 . Retrieved September 5, 2015 .

^ Christie, Ian (September 2012). "The top 50 Greatest Films of All Time" . British Film Institute . Archived
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