MOTS-C

What is MOTS-c?

MOTS-c, is a mitochondrial-derived peptide, consisting of 16 residues encoded by the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. This means that the genetic information that is translated into the peptide’s amino acid sequence has not been processed into a strip of mRNA. Rather, the peptide is translated from a strand of rRNA whose main role is not to carry genetic information but to help ribosomes work in processing such information. MOTS-c was discovered in 2015 and has since attracted attention for its potential role in metabolic regulation and age-related conditions [1].

MOTS-c has been found to have various effects on cellular metabolism, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and aging processes

Studies suggest that MOTS-c may

• Improve glucose uptake and utilization
• Enhance insulin sensitivity
• Promote mitochondrial biogenesis (the formation of new mitochondria)
• Reduce oxidative stress

These effects may contribute to improved metabolic health and cellular function, with potential implications for the management of diabetes, obesity, and age-related diseases.

 MOTS-c for enhanced muscle performance: During exercise, mitochondria play a crucial role in supporting skeletal muscle function and transmitting exercise-induced signals to other organs. MOTS-c, along with exercise training, has been shown to have an additive effect on boosting the expression of the PGC-1α gene, which is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism [12].

In mice, treatment with MOTS-c has been found to activate skeletal muscle AMPK, a regulator of exercise response, by increasing cellular levels of AICAR (an AMPK agonist) and GLUT4 . In a study conducted by Li et al. (2022), it was observed that MOTS-c therapy and regular aerobic exercise led to alterations in pathogenic genes, with overlapping effects on 24 genes related to angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis

Overall, the evidence indicates that MOTS-c and exercise share common pathways in improving mitochondrial function, and energy metabolism.

 MOTS-c for anti-aging:Aging is a complex process characterized by the gradual deterioration of biological functions and an impaired ability to respond to metabolic stress. This phenomenon, known as senescence, can be mitigated by enhancing mitochondrial fitness and physical capacity, which contribute to healthy aging.

MOTS-c levels are observed to decline in individuals aged 70-81, showing a decrease of approximately 21% compared to younger individuals aged 18-30. MOTS-c is also shown to share metabolic pathways with age-related modifiers, such as NAD+, a critical modulator of cellular signalling and survival pathways

MOTS-c Dosing Protocol

Here is a sample dosing protocol that researchers may reference for studies on MOTS-c and obesity.

• MOTS-c Dosage: 5mg of MOTS-c via subcutaneous injection in the morning
• Frequency: Every 5 days
• Duration: 20 - 30 days
• Cycle: Repeat this cycle six months after completion of the first course.
• Notes: Lifestyle modifications for weight management should also be employed, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and proper sleep.
• Supply: Researchers will need two to three 10mg vials of MOTS-c to complete one course per this protocol.