MATTHEW BLOXAM

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William Webb Ellis (24 November 1806 – 24 February 1872) was an English Anglican clergyman who, by tradition, has been credited as the inventor of rugby football while a pupil at Rugby School. According to legend, Webb Ellis picked up the ball and ran with it during a school football match in 1823, thus creating the "rugby" style of play. Although the story has become firmly entrenched in the sport's folklore, it is not supported by first-hand evidence, and is discounted by most rugby historians as an origin myth. The Webb Ellis Cup is presented to the winners of the Rugby World Cup.

In connection with: William Webb Ellis

William

Webb

Ellis

Title combos: Webb Ellis William Webb Ellis

Description combos: creating Ellis rugby an inventor it William ran to

Matthew Bloxam

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam (12 May 1805 – 24 April 1888), a native of Rugby, Warwickshire, England, was a Warwickshire antiquary and amateur archeologist, author of a popular guide to Gothic architecture. He was the original source of the legend of William Webb Ellis' invention of the game of Rugby football.

In connection with: Matthew Bloxam

Matthew

Bloxam

Title combos: Matthew Bloxam

Description combos: Bloxam of of Bloxam popular 12 April of source

English Gothic architecture

English Gothic is an architectural style that flourished from the late 12th until the mid-17th century. The style was most prominently used in the construction of cathedrals and churches. Gothic architecture's defining features are pointed arches, rib vaults, buttresses, and extensive use of stained glass. Combined, these features allowed the creation of buildings of unprecedented height and grandeur, filled with light from large stained glass windows. Important examples include Westminster Abbey, Canterbury Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral. The Gothic style endured in England much longer than in Continental Europe. The Gothic style was introduced from France, where the various elements had first been used together within a single building at the choir of the Abbey of Saint-Denis north of Paris, completed in 1144. The earliest large-scale applications of Gothic architecture in England were Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. Many features of Gothic architecture had evolved naturally from Romanesque architecture (often known in England as Norman architecture). The first cathedral in England to be both planned and built entirely in the Gothic style was Wells Cathedral, begun in 1175. Other features were imported from the Ile-de-France, where the first French Gothic cathedral, Sens Cathedral, had been built (1135–64). After a fire destroyed the choir of Canterbury Cathedral in 1174, the French architect William of Sens rebuilt the choir in the new Gothic style between 1175 and 1180. The transition can also be seen at Durham Cathedral, a Norman building which was remodelled with the earliest surviving rib vault. Besides cathedrals, monasteries, and parish churches, the style was used for many secular buildings, including university buildings, palaces, great houses, and almshouses and guildhalls. Stylistic periodisations of the English Gothic style are Early English or First Pointed (late 12th–late 13th centuries) Decorated Gothic or Second Pointed (late 13th–late 14th centuries) Perpendicular Gothic or Third Pointed (14th–17th centuries) The architect and art historian Thomas Rickman's Attempt to Discriminate the Style of Architecture in England, first published in 1812, divided Gothic architecture in the British Isles into three stylistic periods. Rickman identified the periods of architecture as follows: William the Conqueror (r. 1066–87) to Henry II (r. 1154–89) as Norman Richard the Lionheart (r. 1189–1199) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307) as Early English reigns of Edward II (r. 1307–1327) and Edward III (r. 1327–1377) as Decorated from Richard II (r. 1377–1399) to Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547) as Perpendicular From the 15th century, under the House of Tudor, the prevailing Gothic style is commonly known as Tudor architecture. This style is ultimately succeeded by Elizabethan architecture and Renaissance architecture under Elizabeth I (r. 1558–1603). Rickman excluded from his scheme most new buildings after Henry VIII's reign, calling the style of "additions and rebuilding" in the later 16th and earlier 17th centuries "often much debased". Architect and art historian Edmund Sharpe, in The Seven Periods of English Architecture (1851), identified a pre-Gothic Transitional Period (1145–1190), following the Norman period, in which pointed arches and round arches were employed together. Focusing on the windows, Sharpe dubbed Rickman's Gothic styles as follows: Rickman's first Gothic style as the Lancet Period (1190–1245) Rickman's second Gothic style divided into the Geometrical period (1245–1315) and then the Curvilinear period (1315–1360) Rickman's third style as the Rectilinear period (1360–1550). Unlike the Early English and Decorated styles, this third style, employed over three centuries was unique to England In the English Renaissance, the stylistic language of the ancient classical orders and the Renaissance architecture of southern Europe began to supplant Gothic architecture in Continental Europe, but the British Isles continued to favour Gothic building styles, with traditional Perpendicular Gothic building projects undertaken into the 17th century in England and both Elizabethan and Jacobean architecture incorporating Gothic features, particularly for churches. Classical-inspired architecture predominated after the Great Fire of London The rebuilding of the City of London was so extensive that the numbers of workers employed broke the monopoly of the medieval livery company of stonemasons and the Worshipful Company of Masons and the role of master-mason was displaced by that of the early modern architect. The new St Paul's Cathedral designed by Christopher Wren and his Wren churches mostly dispensed with the Gothic idiom in favour of classical work. Outside London however, new ecclesiastical buildings and repairs to older churches were still carried out in Gothic style, particularly near the ancient university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, where the university colleges were important patrons of 17th-century Gothic construction. By the 18th century, architects occasionally worked in Gothic style, but the living tradition of Gothic workmanship had faded and their designs rarely resembled medieval Gothic buildings. Only when the Gothic Revival movement of the late 18th and 19th centuries began, was the architectural language of medieval Gothic relearned through the scholarly efforts of early 19th-century art historians like Rickman and Matthew Bloxam, whose Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture first appeared in 1829. Alongside the new Gothic building work of the 19th century, many of England's existing Gothic buildings were extensively repaired, restored, remodelled, and rebuilt by architects seeking to improve the buildings according to the Romantic, high church aesthetic of the Oxford Movement and to replace many of the medieval features lost in the iconoclastic phases of the Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In the process of this Victorian "restoration", much of the original Gothic architecture of the Middle Ages was lost or altered beyond recognition. However, medieval works left unfinished were often completed or restored to their "original" designs. According to James Stevens Curl, the revival of Gothic architecture was "arguably, the most influential artistic phenomenon ever to spring from England". The various English Gothic styles are seen at their most fully developed in cathedrals, monasteries, and collegiate churches. With the exception of Salisbury Cathedral, English cathedrals–having building dates that typically range over 400 years–show great stylistic diversity.

In connection with: English Gothic architecture

English

Gothic

architecture

Title combos: English Gothic English Gothic architecture

Description combos: architects 1180 spring new predominated Gothic and 1377 Gothic

Andrew Bloxam

Andrew Bloxam (22 September 1801 – 2 February 1878) was an English clergyman and naturalist; in his later life he had a particular interest in botany. He was the naturalist on board HMS Blonde during its voyage around South America and the Pacific in 1824–26, where he collected mainly birds. Later as a Church of England minister he lived in Warwickshire and Leicestershire and made significant contributions to the study of the natural history of the area. His special interest was in fungi and the genera Rubus and Rosa. His botanical author abbreviation is "A.Bloxam".

In connection with: Andrew Bloxam

Andrew

Bloxam

Title combos: Andrew Bloxam

Description combos: 26 Andrew 1878 during naturalist 1801 study history Andrew

Bloxham (surname)

Bloxham or Bloxam is a surname, and may refer to: Albert Bloxham (1905–1996), English footballer Andrew Bloxam (1801–1878), English clergyman and naturalist Donald Bloxham, British historian Elizabeth Bloxham (1877-1962), Irish feminist and nationalist Jenny Bloxham (21st century), former New Zealand politician John Francis Bloxam (1873–1928), English churchman and author John Rouse Bloxam (1807–1891), English academic and clergyman Josh Bloxham (born 1990), New Zealand basketball player Ken Bloxham (1954–2000), New Zealand rugby union footballer Matthew Bloxam (1805–1888), English antiquary and archaeologist Matthew Bloxam (MP) (1744–1822), British businessman and politician Tom Bloxham (born 1963), British property developer William D. Bloxham (1835–1911), American politician

In connection with: Bloxham (surname)

Bloxham

surname

Title combos: Bloxham surname

Description combos: developer or English William Matthew 1807 English Matthew 1954

Matthew Bloxam (MP)

Sir Matthew Bloxam (1744 – 16 October 1822), of Highgate, Middlesex, was a British businessman and politician. He was born the eldest son of the Rev. Matthew Bloxam, vicar of Comberton, Worcestershire. He became a partner in the firm of Foudrinier, Bloxam and Walker, wholesale stationers of Lombard Street, London and in the bank of Sanderson, Harrison, Brenchley, Bloxam and Co. of Southwark. He was elected Sheriff of London for 1787-8 and served as an alderman from 1803 to 1821. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Maidstone 1788 to 1806. He was knighted in 1800.

In connection with: Matthew Bloxam (MP)

Matthew

Bloxam

Title combos: MP Bloxam MP Bloxam Matthew

Description combos: the London Walker Bloxam Sir Sir Middlesex Bloxam Sanderson