MARTIN CLAYTON
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NargisNargis Dutt (born Fatima Rashid, also known as Nirmala Dutt; 1 June 1929 – 3 May 1981) known mononyomusly as Nargis was an Indian actress and politician who worked in Hindi cinema. Regarded as one of the greatest and finest actresses in the history of Hindi cinema, Nargis often portrayed sophisticated and independent women in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama. She was among the highest paid actresses of the 1950s and 1960s. In a career spanning three decades, Nargis made her screen debut in a minor role at the age of six with Talash-E-Haq (1935), but her acting career actually began with the film Tamanna (1942). Nargis had her first leading role with Taqdeer (1943). Nargis had her breakthrough with the romance film Andaz (1949) and the musical Barsaat (1949). Following this she starred in Raj Kapoor's crime drama Awaara (1951), which was a major critical and financial success. After a brief setback in the early 1950s, she reemerged with the comedy-drama Shree 420 (1955) and the romantic comedy Chori Chori (1956). Nargis starred in Mehboob Khan's Oscar-nominated epic drama Mother India (1957), the highest-grossing film in India at that point of time, for which she won Filmfare Award for Best Actress. Her last film was the drama Raat Aur Din (1967), for which she received the inaugural National Film Award for Best Actress. Nargis married her Mother India co-star Sunil Dutt in 1958. Together they had three children, including the actor Sanjay Dutt. Along with her husband, Nargis formed the Ajanta Arts Culture Troupe which hired several leading actors and singers of the time and held stage shows at border areas. In the early 1970s, Nargis became the first patron of The Spastic Society of India and her subsequent work with the organisation brought her recognition as a social worker and later a Rajya Sabha nomination in 1980. Nargis died in 1981 of pancreatic cancer, only three days before her son Sanjay Dutt made his debut in Hindi films with the film Rocky. In 1982, the Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established in her memory by her husband Sunil Dutt. The award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in the Annual Film Awards ceremony is called the Nargis Dutt Award in her honour. In 2011, Rediff.com listed her as the greatest Indian actress of all time.
Mouna RagamMouna Ragam ( transl. Silent Symphony) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam, and produced by G. Venkateswaran. The film stars Mohan and Revathi, with Karthik in a guest appearance. V. K. Ramasamy, Ra. Sankaran, Bhaskar, Kanchana, Vani, Kalaiselvi and Sonia play supporting roles. It narrates the life of Divya (Revathi), a free-spirited college girl who is forced into an arranged marriage with Chandrakumar (Mohan) by her father (Sankaran) though she still lives with the memory of her deceased lover Manohar (Karthik). The story follows Divya's inner conflict between holding on to her past and coming to terms with the present. The film's development began when Ratnam began writing a short story titled "Divya" with no cinematic plans until he finished it. Since production on his directorial debut Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983) was delayed, he took a break for a month and developed "Divya" into a film script, which would eventually be renamed Mouna Ragam. Although Ratnam began work on the script during Pallavi Anu Pallavi, it languished in development hell and ended up becoming his fifth film. Mouna Ragam was the first film produced by Venkateswaran's Sujatha Films, and was shot primarily in Madras, with additional filming taking place in Delhi and Agra. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Vaali. P. C. Sreeram was the cinematographer, and the art director was Thota Tharani. The film was edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan. Mouna Ragam was released on 15 August 1986. Despite opening to modest audiences, it became a box-office success, with a theatrical run of over 175 days, and Mani Ratnam's breakthrough. The film received critical acclaim; it won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil, and Ratnam received the Filmfare and Cinema Express Awards for Best Director in Tamil. Mouna Ragam also became a breakthrough in Karthik's career despite his role being a cameo. The film introduced techniques such as soft-focus shots, flare filters and backlighting, which became popular in Tamil cinema. It was remade in Hindi in 1992 as Kasak, and in Kannada in 1999 as Chandrodaya.
Alice CoomaraswamyRatan Devi Coomaraswamy (born Alice Ethel Richardson; 1889 – July 15, 1958) worked under the stage name of Ratan Devī. She recorded Indian music and was a performer of Hindu songs and poems, and went on concert tours in Britain and America. Martin Clayton identifies Alice as one of the significant women overlooked with regard to music in the British Empire.
Martin ClaytonMartin Clayton, LVO, FSA, (born 1967) is Head of Prints and Drawings for Royal Collection Trust at Windsor Castle. He is a specialist in the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci.
Martin Clayton (ethnomusicologist)Martin Clayton, is professor in ethnomusicology at Durham University. He studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, from where he received his BA in music and Hindi in 1988 and his PhD in ethnomusicology in 1993.
Fugitive DoctorThe Fugitive Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. She is portrayed by Jo Martin, the first non-white actor to play the Doctor and additionally the first black woman to portray the role. The character first appeared in the twelfth series of the programme's revival in "Fugitive of the Judoon" (2020), where she was disguised as a woman named Ruth Clayton in 21st century Gloucester. Eventually, she restores her memories, and it is revealed that Ruth is an incarnation of the Doctor, though her placement in the chronology of the series is initially unclear. Within the programme's narrative, the Doctor is a Time Lord, from the planet Gallifrey. The Doctor travels in a time-travelling space ship, the TARDIS. Possessing alien physiology, the Doctor, when critically injured, can regenerate into a new body, gaining a new physical appearance and personality. This plot device has allowed a number of actors, both male and female, to portray the Doctor through the decades. Each actor to play the Doctor offers a different take on the Doctor's essential personality. A fugitive, this incarnation of the Doctor is considered to be a more ruthless incarnation, and formerly worked for Time Lord black ops group "The Division", from whom she is now on the run. This incarnation was conceived by showrunner Chris Chibnall and co-writer Vinay Patel, with the pair coming up with the incarnation late into writing the script of "Fugitive of the Judoon". The Fugitive Doctor was included not only to foreshadow the upcoming "Timeless Child" arc of series 12, but also to act as a surprise twist within "Fugitive of the Judoon". The incarnation would go on to reappear multiple times within the show following her debut. The Fugitive Doctor received a mostly positive reception from critics, who praised the casting of a black woman as the Doctor and highlighted the performance of Martin. Many fans and critics expressed interest in seeing Martin reprise the role in a larger capacity. Some critics criticised the usage and execution of the character's concept within the series. Martin has expressed interest in continuing to portray the role, and has appeared in several Big Finish Productions audio dramas depicting stories starring the Fugitive Doctor. She has also stated that the role had helped her expand her career prospects, particularly in America.
Mouna Ragam (soundtrack)The soundtrack to the 1986 Tamil-language romantic drama film Mouna Ragam features five songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja and written by Vaali. The album was released through Echo on double LP, which features three songs on each side of the record, with "Nilaave Vaa" appearing twice. The film and its soundtrack was dubbed in Telugu, under the same name, whose adapted lyrics were written by Rajasri.
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